{
  "id": "AssayMech:nd-bioleaching-icp-ms",
  "name": "ICP-MS assay of Nd in synthetic-phosphate bioleachate",
  "record_kind": "OPERATIONAL_ASSAY",
  "categories": [
    "BIOPROCESSING"
  ],
  "description": "Measure Nd released into filtered laboratory leachate following contact between synthetic Mon2 phosphate feed and biolixiviants produced by G. oxydans B58-derived cultures.",
  "limitations": [
    "The feed is a synthetic monazite-Nd/rhabdophane-Nd mixture; this method is not demonstrated here for natural ore or industrial operation.",
    "Filtration is reported after leaching; cell removal before mineral contact is unspecified.",
    "Measured solubilization does not establish a purified recovered product, whole-process recovery fraction or scale-transfer result.",
    "The reported mass-normalized response uses the source-labelled NdPO4 denominator; it is not a percentage of total feed Nd.",
    "Reported final pH is an outcome; a common fixed-pH treatment is not established."
  ],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "reference": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-08061-4",
      "title": "Direct genome-scale screening of Gluconobacter oxydans B58 for rare earth element bioleaching",
      "claim": "Primary methods describe ICP-MS measurement of filtered leachate after synthetic Nd-phosphate contact with G. oxydans-derived biolixiviants.",
      "locator": "html:#Sec16",
      "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    },
    {
      "reference": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-08061-4",
      "title": "Direct genome-scale screening of Gluconobacter oxydans B58 for rare earth element bioleaching",
      "claim": "The results distinguish Mon2 as the monazite-Nd/rhabdophane-Nd mixture, not pure monazite.",
      "locator": "html:#Sec4",
      "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    },
    {
      "reference": "https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs42003-025-08061-4/MediaObjects/42003_2025_8061_MOESM6_ESM.xlsx",
      "title": "Marecos et al. (2025), Supplementary Data 4",
      "claim": "The response column is labelled as micrograms of Nd per gram of NdPO4, not as percent extraction.",
      "locator": "xlsx:4A!B2",
      "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    },
    {
      "reference": "https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs42003-025-08061-4/MediaObjects/42003_2025_8061_MOESM6_ESM.xlsx",
      "title": "Marecos et al. (2025), Supplementary Data 4",
      "claim": "The response table reports final pH; the record does not infer a common fixed-pH treatment.",
      "locator": "xlsx:4A!C2",
      "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    }
  ],
  "method": {
    "summary": "After laboratory contact with Mon2, filter leachates at 0.45 micrometres, dilute in 2% trace-metal-grade nitric acid and measure Nd using ICP-MS with a rare-earth calibration mix and Rh internal standard.",
    "evidence": [
      {
        "reference": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-08061-4",
        "title": "Direct genome-scale screening of Gluconobacter oxydans B58 for rare earth element bioleaching",
        "claim": "Primary methods describe ICP-MS measurement of filtered leachate after synthetic Nd-phosphate contact with G. oxydans-derived biolixiviants.",
        "locator": "html:#Sec16",
        "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
      }
    ]
  },
  "measurement": {
    "target": "Nd in the post-leaching filtrate.",
    "readout": "ICP-MS Nd signal converted using calibration; Supplementary Data 4 reports the response normalized to the source-labelled NdPO4 feed mass.",
    "unit": "ug/g",
    "interpretation": "Micrograms of Nd per gram of NdPO4 as labelled by the study; do not interpret as percent recovery.",
    "evidence": [
      {
        "reference": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-08061-4",
        "title": "Direct genome-scale screening of Gluconobacter oxydans B58 for rare earth element bioleaching",
        "claim": "Primary methods describe ICP-MS measurement of filtered leachate after synthetic Nd-phosphate contact with G. oxydans-derived biolixiviants.",
        "locator": "html:#Sec16",
        "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
      },
      {
        "reference": "https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs42003-025-08061-4/MediaObjects/42003_2025_8061_MOESM6_ESM.xlsx",
        "title": "Marecos et al. (2025), Supplementary Data 4",
        "claim": "The response column is labelled as micrograms of Nd per gram of NdPO4, not as percent extraction.",
        "locator": "xlsx:4A!B2",
        "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
      }
    ]
  },
  "controls": [
    {
      "description": "Wild-type and proxy wild-type cultures, with no-bacteria controls; three biological replicates for selected bacterial strains.",
      "evidence": [
        {
          "reference": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-08061-4",
          "title": "Direct genome-scale screening of Gluconobacter oxydans B58 for rare earth element bioleaching",
          "claim": "Primary methods describe ICP-MS measurement of filtered leachate after synthetic Nd-phosphate contact with G. oxydans-derived biolixiviants.",
          "locator": "html:#Sec16",
          "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "description": "Calibration standards, blanks, analytical replicates and Rh internal standard support instrumental quality control.",
      "evidence": [
        {
          "reference": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-08061-4",
          "title": "Direct genome-scale screening of Gluconobacter oxydans B58 for rare earth element bioleaching",
          "claim": "Primary methods describe ICP-MS measurement of filtered leachate after synthetic Nd-phosphate contact with G. oxydans-derived biolixiviants.",
          "locator": "html:#Sec16",
          "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "related_records": [
    {
      "corpus": "cmmmech",
      "identifier": "cmmmech:neodymium",
      "relation": "MEASURES_PROCESS",
      "basis": "The target mechanism explicitly reports ICP-MS of post-leaching filtrates for the Marecos synthetic-phosphate experiment.",
      "source_version": "df061de720fb9884dcc6e41369a3049cef52a059",
      "source_path": "data/records/neodymium.yaml",
      "source_url": "https://github.com/CultureBotAI/CMMMech/blob/df061de720fb9884dcc6e41369a3049cef52a059/data/records/neodymium.yaml",
      "target_locator": "/mechanisms/1",
      "scope": "G. oxydans B58-derived cultures and synthetic Mon2 feed; filtered-leachate Nd after laboratory bioleaching.",
      "evidence": [
        {
          "reference": "https://github.com/CultureBotAI/CMMMech/blob/df061de720fb9884dcc6e41369a3049cef52a059/data/records/neodymium.yaml",
          "title": "CMMMech neodymium mechanism at df061de720fb9884dcc6e41369a3049cef52a059",
          "claim": "The target mechanism explicitly reports ICP-MS of post-leaching filtrates for the Marecos synthetic-phosphate experiment.",
          "locator": "/mechanisms/1",
          "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "reference": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-08061-4",
          "title": "Direct genome-scale screening of Gluconobacter oxydans B58 for rare earth element bioleaching",
          "claim": "Primary methods describe ICP-MS measurement of filtered leachate after synthetic Nd-phosphate contact with G. oxydans-derived biolixiviants.",
          "locator": "html:#Sec16",
          "source_license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "research_gaps": [
    {
      "scope": "metpo",
      "reason": "No exact METPO assay identity or solubilization predicate was established for this operational assay; no generic process term is substituted."
    },
    {
      "scope": "protocol_parameters",
      "reason": "This record summarizes the cited method; complete culture preparation, sampling and instrument settings remain in the primary protocol."
    }
  ],
  "curation_history": [
    {
      "timestamp": "2026-11-09T02:38:32Z",
      "curator": "assay-stream-c",
      "action": "CREATE",
      "summary": "Curate initial sourced assay concept or scoped operational assay",
      "history_file": "history/records/nd-bioleaching-icp-ms/2026-11-09T023832Z-assay-stream-c-26f319.yaml"
    }
  ]
}