BioModels record MODEL2204300001 is a genome-scale model from the Blasche et al. kefir study and is described as a model of a microbial species participating in a kefir community.
Taxonomy
| Taxon | Ontology ID | Functional Roles | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens | NCBITaxon:267818 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
PRIMARY_DEGRADER
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DOMINANT |
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| Lactococcus lactis | NCBITaxon:1358 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
PRIMARY_DEGRADER
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N/A |
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| Leuconostoc mesenteroides | NCBITaxon:1245 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
SECONDARY_FERMENTER
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N/A |
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| Lactobacillus kefiri — ontology label: Lentilactobacillus kefiri | NCBITaxon:33962 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
SECONDARY_FERMENTER
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N/A |
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| Acetobacter fabarum | NCBITaxon:483199 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
CROSS_FEEDER
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N/A |
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| Kazachstania exigua — ontology label: Maudiozyma exigua | NCBITaxon:34358 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
CROSS_FEEDER
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N/A |
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Ecological Interactions
The graph shows only explicitly linked interaction participants. Community members without an asserted participant link are omitted; membership alone does not imply an interaction.
L. kefiranofaciens Proteolytic Support for L. mesenteroides
MUTUALISMExperimental pairwise growth and supplementation support reciprocal benefit between L. kefiranofaciens and L. mesenteroides in liquid milk. Proteolysis, casein peptides and amino-acid supplementation support L. mesenteroides growth. PARTIAL - partner-specific transfer and its necessity are inferred from these assays, not resolved donor-tracer flux. MUTUALISM retains the measured paired benefits.
Source Taxon: Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens
Target Taxon: Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Metabolites: peptide (CHEBI:16670 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), amino acid (CHEBI:33709 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
PARTIAL - proteolytic support of L. mesenteroides growth can enable lactate production that benefits L. kefiranofaciens in the proposed reciprocal mechanism. Growth and supplementation support this model, but donor-resolved transfer and selective molecular necessity were not established at this review scope.
Evidence
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PMID:33398099 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"proteolytic activity of L. kefiranofaciens constitutes its beneficial impact on L. mesenteroides"
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PMID:33398099 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"casein peptides as well as free amino acids restore the growth of L. mesenteroides"
L. kefiranofaciens Suppression of L. kefiri
L. kefiranofaciens suppressed L. kefiri in liquid-milk pairwise assays. This measured directional inhibition is retained without assigning the local reciprocal-negative COMPETITION type: the inspected main-text claim does not establish both partners' negative responses. Solid milk-agar interactions are a separate experimental condition.
Source Taxon: Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens
Target Taxon: Lactobacillus kefiri
Biological Processes:
- interspecies interaction between organisms (GO:0044419 · PathwayMech)
Evidence
-
PMID:33398099 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"L. kefiranofaciens suppressed its seemingly direct competitor L. kefiri"
L. mesenteroides Lactate Provisioning to L. kefiranofaciens
MUTUALISMLactate supplementation increased L. kefiranofaciens growth about three-fold, and living partners showed reciprocal benefit. PARTIAL - L. mesenteroides-derived lactate is the source's proposed return metabolite, supported by modeling, supplementation and partner assays. Supplementation is not donor-resolved flux or proof of necessity. The 7-12 mg/ml range reported for Acetobacter does not belong to this recipient.
Source Taxon: Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Target Taxon: Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens
Metabolites: lactate (CHEBI:24996 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Evidence
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PMID:33398099 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"lactate considerably boosted (circa three-fold) the growth of L. kefiranofaciens"
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PMID:33398099 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"early members open the niche for the followers by making available metabolites such as amino acids and lactate"
Acetobacter Lactate Cross-Feeding
CROSS_FEEDINGPARTIAL - lactate-producer partnerships, conditioned-medium assays and supplementation support the authors' Acetobacter cross-feeding model. Acetobacter growth benefited most at 7-12 mg/ml supplied lactate. GC-MS did not detect appreciable lactate consumption in the tested conditioned media, although amino-acid consumption was measured; limited analytical sensitivity is a proposed explanation. Supplementation and late growth do not uniquely resolve the donor-specific lactate flux.
Participating Taxa: Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Acetobacter fabarum
Metabolites: lactate (CHEBI:24996 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Evidence
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PMID:33398099 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"The majority of the mutualistic interactions, 8 in total, involved A. fabarum and a lactate-producing partner, supporting its dependency on lactate and late onset during fermentation."
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PMID:33398099 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"Acetobacter sp. benefited from lactate most between 7 and 12 mg/ml"
Kazachstania Lactate-Promoted Growth
CROSS_FEEDINGLactate supplementation promoted K. exigua at lower concentrations than Acetobacter, and its growth timing was compatible with changing organic-acid levels. PARTIAL - bacterial lactate support is a proposed community cross-feeding route, not directly measured producer-to-yeast uptake or necessity. Yeasts were among the organisms able to grow appreciably in plain whey, so lactate is not established as their sole enabling substrate.
Participating Taxa: Kazachstania exigua, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Metabolites: lactate (CHEBI:24996 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Evidence
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PMID:33398099 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"Kazachstania exigua (and Saccharomyces unisporus) were also promoted by lactate but at lower concentrations"
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PMID:33398099 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"the time-windows of yeast and Acetobacter growth align well with the beneficial or inhibitory range of lactate and acetate concentration"
Associated Datasets
| Dataset | Type | Repository | Accession |
|---|---|---|---|
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BioModels model file
SBML file deposited as MODEL2204300001. |
OTHER | OTHER | kefir_bacterium_1.xml |
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Primary publication
Publication describing metabolic cooperation and niche partitioning in kefir. |
OTHER | OTHER | PMID:33398099 |
Knowledge gaps & discussions (1)
KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN Which donor-specific fluxes and reciprocal fitness responses resolve the inferred kefir mechanisms?
Preserve experimental pairwise mutualism and supplementation responses. Recipient-directed lactate delivery to L. kefiranofaciens does not cause the general pool supporting Acetobacter or yeast, so those two arrows were removed. Source main text and captions read; figure image and supplementary-table access was not obtained, and reciprocal inhibition of the L. kefiri pair was not independently resolved. The source XML was retrieved to inspect Fig. 4 metadata, not to claim its image or Table 8 was reviewed. Non-graph follow-up remains #1262.
Attaches to: ecological_interactions#L. kefiranofaciens Proteolytic Support for L. mesenteroides, ecological_interactions#L. kefiranofaciens Suppression of L. kefiri, ecological_interactions#L. mesenteroides Lactate Provisioning to L. kefiranofaciens, ecological_interactions#Acetobacter Lactate Cross-Feeding, ecological_interactions#Kazachstania Lactate-Promoted Growth
External Resources
| Name | Repository | Resource ID |
|---|---|---|
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BioModels entry
Metabolic cooperation and spatiotemporal niche partitioning in a kefir community. |
BIOMODELS | MODEL2204300001 |
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Growth Media
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