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Methylacidiphilum-Galdieria Thermoacidophilic Methane Coculture

A defined thermoacidophilic methanotroph-microalga coculture pairing Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1 with Galdieria sp. RTK37.1 for methane and carbon dioxide valorisation. In methane-fed photobioreactor studies, the methanotroph benefits from oxygen supplied by the extremophilic microalga under low-oxygen conditions, enhancing growth and methane oxidation. Follow-up work showed that this interaction is density-dependent: low initial Methylacidiphilum:Galdieria ratios improve net carbon fixation, whereas elevated methanotroph abundance can impose oxygen competition, causing chlorosis and reduced carbon assimilation.

Taxonomy

Taxon Ontology ID Functional Roles Abundance
Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1 NCBITaxon:511746
PRIMARY_DEGRADER
ABUNDANT
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "thermoacidophilic methanotroph Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1"
  • PMID:33841379 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1 can utilize formate as a"
Galdieria sp. RTK37.1 NCBITaxon:2530459
PRIMARY_PRODUCER
ABUNDANT
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "extremophilic microalga Galdieria sp. RTK37.1"
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "oxygen supplied by the extremophilic microalga Galdieria sp. RTK37.1"

Ecological Interactions

Ecological interaction network for Methylacidiphilum-Galdieria Thermoacidophilic Methane Coculture Bipartite graph where circle nodes represent taxa and colored rectangles represent ecological interactions (cross-feeding, mutualism, syntrophy, competition, commensalism).
Taxon
Cross-feeding
Mutualism
Syntrophy
Competition
Commensalism
Niche partitioning
Colonization facilitation
Strain competition
Predation

Low-Oxygen Algal O2 Support for Methane Oxidation

MUTUALISM

Source Taxon: Galdieria sp. RTK37.1

Target Taxon: Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1

Metabolites: oxygen (CHEBI:15379), methane (CHEBI:16183)

Biological Processes:

Evidence

  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "oxygen supplied by the extremophilic microalga Galdieria sp. RTK37.1"
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "enhancing growth and methane oxidation"

Biomass-Ratio-Dependent Oxygen Competition

COMPETITION

Source Taxon: Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1

Target Taxon: Galdieria sp. RTK37.1

Metabolites: oxygen (CHEBI:15379), coproporphyrin III (CHEBI:57307)

Biological Processes:

Evidence

  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "inhibitory due to oxygen competition"
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "chlorosis and excreted coproporphyrin III"
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "upon oxygen replenishment"

Methane-Linked Carbon Valorisation

CROSS_FEEDING

Source Taxon: Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1

Target Taxon: Galdieria sp. RTK37.1

Metabolites: methane (CHEBI:16183), carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526)

Biological Processes:

Evidence

  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "17-28% greater net"
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "methane-fed photobioreactors relevant to SCP production"

External Resources

Name Repository Resource ID
Exact-system publication - oxygen competition in methane-fed coculture
Publication reporting density-dependent oxygen exchange and oxygen competition in the exact Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1 and Galdieria sp. RTK37.1 coculture.
OTHER PMID:41888821
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1 can benefit from"
Exact-system publication - single-cell protein cocultivation
Earlier open-access Engineering Microbiology publication using the same Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1 and Galdieria sp. RTK37.1 species-pair composition for single-cell protein production.
OTHER doi:10.1016/j.engmic.2025.100229

Environmental Factors

Factor Value Unit
Low oxygen availability low-O2 coculture condition N/A
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "oxygen availability is a critical factor"
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "oxygen availability is a critical factor"
Initial partner biomass ratio low ratios beneficial; elevated methanotroph abundance inhibitory N/A
  • PMID:41888821 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "initial Methylacidiphilum:Galdieria biomass ratio"

Growth Media