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PET Artificial Four-Species Degradation Consortium

An engineered artificial consortium for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) biodegradation composed of two metabolically engineered Bacillus subtilis 168 strains that secrete PETase and MHETase, plus Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The design partitions PET depolymerization, terephthalic acid utilization, and ethylene glycol utilization across different members to reduce product inhibition during PET degradation.

Taxonomy

Taxon Ontology ID Functional Roles Abundance
Bacillus subtilis 168 Bs_PETase NCBITaxon:1423
PRIMARY_DEGRADER
N/A
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "B. subtilis 168 (Bacillus Genetic Stock Center) was used as the starting strain"
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "pHP13-P _{43}-LipB-PETase"
Bacillus subtilis 168 Bs_MHETase NCBITaxon:1423
PRIMARY_DEGRADER
N/A
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "one strain that could secrete MHETase"
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "named B S _PETase and B S _MHETase"
Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 NCBITaxon:101510
SECONDARY_FERMENTER CROSS_FEEDER
N/A
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "Wild-type strains R. jostii RHA1"
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "adding R. jostii to reduce the inhibition caused by terephthalic acid"
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 NCBITaxon:160488
SECONDARY_FERMENTER CROSS_FEEDER
N/A
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "P. putida KT2440 (ATCC(R) 47054)"
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "P. putida was introduced to reduce the inhibition caused by ethylene glycol"

Ecological Interactions

Ecological interaction network for PET Artificial Four-Species Degradation Consortium Bipartite graph where circle nodes represent taxa and colored rectangles represent ecological interactions (cross-feeding, mutualism, syntrophy, competition, commensalism).
Taxon
Cross-feeding
Mutualism
Syntrophy
Competition
Commensalism
Niche partitioning
Colonization facilitation
Strain competition
Predation

PETase-MHETase Depolymerization Module

CROSS_FEEDING

Source Taxon: Bacillus subtilis 168 Bs_PETase

Target Taxon: Bacillus subtilis 168 Bs_MHETase

Metabolites: poly(ethylene terephthalate) macromolecule (CHEBI:53259)

Biological Processes:

  • organic substance catabolic process (GO:1901575)

Evidence

  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "PET is degraded into MHET catalyzed by PETase"
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "MHET is degraded into TPA and EG catalyzed by MHETase"

Rhodococcus TPA Detoxification Module

CROSS_FEEDING

Source Taxon: Bacillus subtilis 168 Bs_MHETase

Target Taxon: Rhodococcus jostii RHA1

Metabolites: terephthalic acid (CHEBI:15702)

Biological Processes:

  • aromatic compound catabolic process (GO:0019439)
  • biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms (GO:0044419)

Evidence

  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "R. jostii was added to reduce the inhibition caused by terephthalic acid"
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "The weight of PET film was reduced by 31.2% within 3 days"

Pseudomonas EG Detoxification Module

CROSS_FEEDING

Source Taxon: Bacillus subtilis 168 Bs_MHETase

Target Taxon: Pseudomonas putida KT2440

Metabolites: ethylene glycol (CHEBI:30742)

Biological Processes:

  • organic substance catabolic process (GO:1901575)
  • biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms (GO:0044419)

Evidence

  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "P. putida was introduced to reduce the inhibition caused by ethylene glycol"
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "TPA and EG were not accumulated"

Nutrient-Mediated Competition Control

COMPETITION

Source Taxon: Pseudomonas putida KT2440

Target Taxon: engineered PETase/MHETase and TPA-utilization members

Biological Processes:

  • biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms (GO:0044419)

Evidence

  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "P. putida strongly inhibited growth of the other three bacteria"
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "obtaining a four-species microbial consortium"

Associated Datasets

Dataset Type Repository Accession
Exact-composition publication - artificial PET degradation consortium
Primary publication defining the PETase, MHETase, R. jostii, and P. putida artificial consortium and reporting PET/BHET degradation phenotypes.
PHENOTYPE OTHER PMID:35003008
Frontiers article supplementary material
Supplementary tables with strain, plasmid, primer, and medium details for the artificial PET degradation consortia.
OTHER OTHER doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.778828

Environmental Factors

Factor Value Unit
PET film substrate amorphous PET film, 0.25 mm thickness, cut and UV-treated before degradation assays N/A
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "PET film (ES301445, amorphous, transparent, 0.25 mm thickness)"
TPA and EG product inhibition terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol inhibit PET degradation N/A
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "reduce the inhibition caused by ethylene glycol (EG)"
Wn medium for four-species balance Wn inorganic salt medium with erythromycin during four-member PET degradation assays N/A
  • PMID:35003008 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "PET film incubated with different consortia in Wn medium"

Growth Media