id: Pfam:PF11289
pfam_id: PF11289
name: Betacoronavirus viroporin
short_name: bCoV_viroporin
seed_status: EX_DUF
characterization_status: UNSCORED
curation_status: SEEDED
source_url: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/api/entry/pfam/PF11289
counters:
  proteins: 78
  matches: 78
  proteomes: 3
  taxa: 58
  structures: 6
  alphafold_models: 2
  domain_architectures: 1
provenance:
  snapshot_id: interpro-pfam-duf-2026-10-10
  path: data/worklists/interpro-pfam-duf-2026-10-10.json
  sha256: 17fb625876c9326ed284263a47bcd84e0d7844a31c040dc06cd2260c36f1c383
  generated_at: '2026-10-10T07:44:21.614711Z'
  source_url: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/api/entry/pfam/
interpro_id: InterPro:IPR024407
description: This entry represents protein 3a encoded by Orf3/3a, also known as X1, which forms homotetrameric
  potassium, sodium or calcium sensitive ion channels (viroporin) that causes ER-stress in host cells
  and may modulate virus release. This is a pro-apoptosis-inducing protein that localises to the endoplasmic
  reticulum (ER)-Golgi compartment. SARS-CoV causes apoptosis of infected cells through NLRP3 inflammasome
  activation [[cite:PUB00075660],[cite:PUB00075661],[cite:PUB00056032],[cite:PUB00075662]]. Protein 3a
  also promotes the ubiquitination of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment
  domain (ASC) mediated by its interaction with TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). This protein
  induces NF-kappa B activation and upregulates fibrinogen secretion with high cytokine production [[cite:PUB00094124]].
  Through the activation of the PERK pathway of unfolded protein response (UPR), this protein causes phosphorylation
  of eIF2-alpha leading to reduced translation of cellular proteins and as the activation of pro-apoptotic
  downstream effectors (i.e ATF4, CHOP).