id: Pfam:PF12821
pfam_id: PF12821
name: Threonine/Serine exporter, ThrE
short_name: ThrE_2
seed_status: EX_DUF
characterization_status: UNSCORED
curation_status: SEEDED
source_url: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/api/entry/pfam/PF12821
counters:
  proteins: 10824
  matches: 10824
  proteomes: 8695
  taxa: 12795
  structures: 0
  alphafold_models: 7122
  domain_architectures: 35
provenance:
  snapshot_id: interpro-pfam-duf-2026-10-10
  path: data/worklists/interpro-pfam-duf-2026-10-10.json
  sha256: 17fb625876c9326ed284263a47bcd84e0d7844a31c040dc06cd2260c36f1c383
  generated_at: '2026-10-10T07:44:21.614711Z'
  source_url: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/api/entry/pfam/
interpro_id: InterPro:IPR024528
description: ThrE_2 is a family of membrane proteins involved in the export of threonine and serine. L-threonine,
  L-serine are both substrates for the exporter. The exporter exhibits nine-ten predicted transmembrane-spanning
  helices with long charged C and N termini and an amphipathic helix present within the N terminus [[cite:PUB00075687]].
  L-Threonine can be made by the amino acid-producing bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, but the potential
  for amino acid formation can be considerably improved by reducing its intracellular degradation into
  glycine and increasing its export by this exporter [[cite:PUB00075540]]. Members of the family are found
  in Bacteria, Archaea, and the fungal kingdoms, and the family can exist either as a single long polypeptide
  chain or as two short polypeptides [[cite:PUB00075540]]. All family members show an extended hydrophilic
  N-terminal domain with weak sequence similarity to portions of hydrolases (proteases, peptidases, and
  glycosidases); this suggests that since this region is cytoplasmic to the membrane it may be generating
  the transport substrate, so may imply that threonine may not be the primary substrate and the ThrE has
  a subsidiary function [[cite:PUB00075688]].