NaturalProductMech

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zeaxanthin

CHEBI:27547 EXACT SEEDED toxin

What these status tags mean

Curation status describes a workflow state. SEEDED means the record entered through the source-seeding workflow; it does not imply that no later curation occurred. PROPOSED marks an addition awaiting review; REVIEWED records curator sign-off on identity, structure, filing class and producer claims; DEPRECATED retains a superseded or out-of-scope record. These are workflow decisions, not independently verified human review. Agent-assisted contributions may appear in the record history.

Grounding describes the identifier mapping: EXACT uses an ontology identity asserted by the source; MINTED keeps a local identifier when no defensible ontology identity is available; REVIEW_NEEDED flags an exact structure whose ontology identity needs adjudication. The grounding note retains any unresolved alternatives. These tags do not establish the strength of producer or activity evidence.

Structure

Standard InChIKeyJKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N
SMILESCC1=C(C(C[C@@H](C1)O)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C2=C(C[C@H](CC2(C)C)O)C)\C)\C)/C)/C
Stereochemistryfully defined
Cross-referencespubchem:5280899

Filing pathway

Terpenoids — computed by NPClassifier npclassifier.gnps2.org@2026-09-07, which is why it is pinned rather than recomputed. The gene cluster's asserted class is terpene, from MIBiG.

Producer organisms 1

A claim that this taxon makes the compound. The basis says what the evidence addressed — a knockout and a database assertion are not the same claim.

TaxonBasisClusterEvidence
Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2
NCBITaxon:78245		 SOURCE_ASSERTION mibig:BGC0000656 PMID:12189420

Occurrences 25

Somebody found the compound in this organism and cited it. That is not a claim that the organism makes it, and nothing here promotes one to the other.

TaxonSourceReference
Bangia fuscopurpurea
NCBITaxon:101920		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89006-8
Microchloropsis salina
NCBITaxon:1027361		 LOTUS DOI:10.1080/00071618200650061
Erythrobacter longus
NCBITaxon:1044		 LOTUS DOI:10.1007/BF00247807
Ascidia zara
NCBITaxon:107392		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-0491(85)90174-9
Trididemnum solidum
NCBITaxon:1079459		 LOTUS DOI:10.1021/NP50055A001
Linckia laevigata
NCBITaxon:109185		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-0491(89)90090-4
Cladonia gracilis
NCBITaxon:111668		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-1978(85)90064-X
Cladonia gracilis
NCBITaxon:111668		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-1978(87)90002-0
Cladonia rangiferina
NCBITaxon:111670		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-1978(85)90064-X
Cladonia rangiferina
NCBITaxon:111670		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-1978(87)90002-0
Microcystis aeruginosa
NCBITaxon:1126		 LOTUS DOI:10.1111/J.1365-2427.2006.01582.X
Lycium barbarum
NCBITaxon:112863		 LOTUS DOI:10.1055/S-0029-1186218
Lycium chinense
NCBITaxon:112883		 LOTUS DOI:10.1007/BF02975206
Lycium chinense
NCBITaxon:112883		 LOTUS DOI:10.1055/S-0029-1186218
Azolla cristata
NCBITaxon:1131306		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-1978(85)90030-4
Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens
NCBITaxon:1132572		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-1978(85)90030-4
Equisetum palustre
NCBITaxon:113538		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-1978(85)90030-4
Synechocystis
NCBITaxon:1142		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00817-0
Synechocystis
NCBITaxon:1142		 LOTUS DOI:10.1111/J.1365-2427.2006.01582.X
Cetrariella delisei
NCBITaxon:115238		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-1978(87)90002-0
Spirulina
NCBITaxon:1154		 LOTUS DOI:10.1080/01635588809513979
Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis
NCBITaxon:1156959		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/0305-1978(85)90064-X
Oscillatoria sp.
NCBITaxon:1159		 CHEBI PMID:21473610
Planktothrix agardhii
NCBITaxon:1160		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-261650-1.50017-4
Planktothrix agardhii
NCBITaxon:1160		 LOTUS DOI:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81568-X

Biosynthetic gene clusters 1

AccessionHostLocus evidenceGenome
mibig:BGC0000656 Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2
NCBITaxon:78245 		CLUSTER_UNSTATED genbank:AF408848.1

A locus claim and a taxon claim are different questions. Heterologous expression settles the first and leaves the second where the isolation report left it.

Biosynthesis curated

Written by a curator with claim-level evidence on each step; not derived from a source. This is what the rest of the record exists to support.

#EnzymeReactionSubstrate → productEvidence
1 CrtZ (Pantoea ananas reference)
UniProtKB:P21688		 RHEA:30331 CHEBI:17579 → CHEBI:27547 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P21688
2 CrtZ (Paracoccus sp. N81106 reference)
UniProtKB:P54973		 RHEA:30331 CHEBI:17579 → CHEBI:27547 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P54973
3 CrtZ (Paracoccus sp. PC1 reference)
UniProtKB:Q44262		 RHEA:30331 CHEBI:17579 → CHEBI:27547 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q44262
4 CA1 (C. annuum canonical example)
UniProtKB:O49815		 RHEA:30331 CHEBI:17579 → CHEBI:27547 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49815
5 CrtZ (H. lacustris fragment example)
UniProtKB:Q9SPK6		 RHEA:30331 CHEBI:17579 → CHEBI:27547 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SPK6
6 BCH1 (A. thaliana canonical example)
UniProtKB:Q9SZZ8		 RHEA:30331 CHEBI:17579 → CHEBI:27547 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SZZ8
7 BCH2 (A. thaliana canonical example)
UniProtKB:Q9LTG0		 RHEA:30331 CHEBI:17579 → CHEBI:27547 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9LTG0
8 BHY (G. lutea canonical example)
UniProtKB:B3SGL0		 RHEA:30331 CHEBI:17579 → CHEBI:27547 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/B3SGL0
9 HYB (Oncidium hybrid canonical example)
UniProtKB:C3VEQ1		 RHEA:30331 CHEBI:17579 → CHEBI:27547 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/C3VEQ1
10 CA2 (C. annuum canonical example)
UniProtKB:O49814		 RHEA:30331 CHEBI:17579 → CHEBI:27547 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49814

Entry 1: Unnumbered alternative organism-specific reference annotation. No common step order is invented. This is an organism-specific, database-proposed example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. Separate examples do not constitute a multi-organism assembly or a jointly measured pathway. Producer, occurrence and BGC evidence grades are unchanged. Only the principal carotenoid input and output are represented; not a complete stoichiometric model.

Entry 2: Unnumbered alternative organism-specific reference annotation. No common step order is invented. This is an organism-specific, database-proposed example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. Separate examples do not constitute a multi-organism assembly or a jointly measured pathway. Producer, occurrence and BGC evidence grades are unchanged. Only the principal carotenoid input and output are represented; not a complete stoichiometric model.

Entry 3: Unnumbered alternative organism-specific reference annotation. No common step order is invented. This is an organism-specific, database-proposed example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. Separate examples do not constitute a multi-organism assembly or a jointly measured pathway. Producer, occurrence and BGC evidence grades are unchanged. Only the principal carotenoid input and output are represented; not a complete stoichiometric model.

Entry 4: Unnumbered alternative reference annotation; no common step order. Deliberately selected organism-specific database example. Not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme; no producer, occurrence or BGC evidence upgrade. Separate examples are not a multi-organism pathway, physical assembly or native-production experiment. Proposed indicates qualified reference applicability, not a newly demonstrated assay. Only the principal carotenoid input/output is modelled.

Entry 5: Unnumbered alternative reference annotation; no common step order. Deliberately selected organism-specific database example. Not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme; no producer, occurrence or BGC evidence upgrade. Separate examples are not a multi-organism pathway, physical assembly or native-production experiment. Proposed indicates qualified reference applicability, not a newly demonstrated assay. Only the principal carotenoid input/output is modelled.

Entry 6: Unnumbered alternative reference annotation; no common step order. Deliberately selected Arabidopsis thaliana/taxon3702 canonical-reference example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence or BGC upgrade. Separate paralog examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly. Proposed indicates qualified reference applicability, not a newly demonstrated assay. Only the principal carotenoid input/output is modelled.

Entry 7: Unnumbered alternative reference annotation; no common step order. Deliberately selected Arabidopsis thaliana/taxon3702 canonical-reference example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence or BGC upgrade. Separate paralog examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly. Proposed indicates qualified reference applicability, not a newly demonstrated assay. Only the principal carotenoid input/output is modelled.

Entry 8: Unnumbered alternative reference annotation; no common step order. Deliberately selected organism-specific canonical-reference database example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence, taxonomy-facet or BGC upgrade. Separate examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly. Proposed indicates qualified reference applicability, not a newly demonstrated assay. Only the principal carotenoid input/output is modelled.

Entry 9: Unnumbered alternative reference annotation; no common step order. Deliberately selected organism-specific canonical-reference database example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence, taxonomy-facet or BGC upgrade. Separate examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly. Proposed indicates qualified reference applicability, not a newly demonstrated assay. Only the principal carotenoid input/output is modelled.

Entry 10: Unnumbered alternative reference annotation; no common step order. Deliberately selected organism-specific canonical-reference database example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence, taxonomy-facet or BGC upgrade. Separate examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly. Proposed indicates qualified reference applicability, not a newly demonstrated assay. Only the principal carotenoid input/output is modelled.

Mechanism & Biosynthesis Overview

PRODUCERS & OCCURRENCE 1 producer (0 causal) 25 cited occurrences BIOSYNTHETIC LOCUS 1 gene cluster 10 curated pathway steps NATURAL PRODUCT zeaxanthin CHEBI:27547 Terpenoids TARGETS & BIOACTIVITY 0 molecular targets 25 bioactivities · 10 graphs

Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges

Qualified Pantoea ananas reference CrtZ annotation for overall beta-carotene hydroxylation. This is an organism-specific, database-proposed example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. Separate examples do not constitute a multi-organism assembly or a jointly measured pathway. Producer, occurrence and BGC evidence grades are unchanged.

SubjectPredicateObjectNotesEvidence
CrtZ (Pantoea ananas reference) is_database_proposed_catalyst_of Database-proposed carotene hydroxylation This is an organism-specific, database-proposed example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. Separate examples do not constitute a multi-organism assembly or a jointly measured pathway. Producer, occurrence and BGC evidence grades are unchanged. Native D90087.2 and BAA14129.1 name Pantoea ananatis/taxon553, without a strain qualifier; UniProt names Pantoea ananas/taxon553. ATCC19321/DSM30080/NCPPB800/NRRL B-14773/20D3 are UniProt bibliographic strain aliases, not an independently verified historical assay stock.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P21688
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/D90087.2
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P21688
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry72/sequence1, 175aa; protein existence3 is inferred from homology. The exact RHEA30331 chemical assignment is ECO0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not a newly inspected native assay. FUNCTION names beta-carotene-to-zeaxanthin hydroxylation; the PC1 FUNCTION is also explicitly by similarity. Primary papers cited by UniProt were not independently accessible in this audit; no paper-derived experiment or measured stereoselectivity is asserted. Rhea provenance is read through UniProt, not a fresh Rhea retrieval.
    snippet
    from beta-carotene to zeaxanthin
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/D90087.2
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Complete CrtZ coding intervals independently translate with table11/codon1 to their deposited translations, native GenPept records and UniProtP21688, all175aa: BAA14129.1 / complement(D90087.2:5925..6452). Native D90087.2 and BAA14129.1 name Pantoea ananatis/taxon553, without a strain qualifier; UniProt names Pantoea ananas/taxon553. ATCC19321/DSM30080/NCPPB800/NRRL B-14773/20D3 are UniProt bibliographic strain aliases, not an independently verified historical assay stock. Bounded intervals include clipped neighboring CDS annotations; those neighbors were not independently translated or functionally adopted. Reference equality does not establish activity, native production, physical assembly or assay-construct identity.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt reaction explicitly cross-references CHEBI17579 and CHEBI27547. The read-only ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral all-trans beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and neutral stereospecified zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact existing owner key. This is database-to-owner correspondence, not a new experimental structure determination. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, glycoside, astaxanthin or bound form is equated with the owner.
beta-carotene is_database_proposed_substrate_of Database-proposed carotene hydroxylation Principal carotenoid substrate only. Electron donor, oxygen, protons and water are not modelled as graph participants; no independently measured cofactor specificity or stoichiometric flux.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P21688
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P21688
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry72/sequence1, 175aa; protein existence3 is inferred from homology. The exact RHEA30331 chemical assignment is ECO0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not a newly inspected native assay. FUNCTION names beta-carotene-to-zeaxanthin hydroxylation; the PC1 FUNCTION is also explicitly by similarity. Primary papers cited by UniProt were not independently accessible in this audit; no paper-derived experiment or measured stereoselectivity is asserted. Rhea provenance is read through UniProt, not a fresh Rhea retrieval.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt reaction explicitly cross-references CHEBI17579 and CHEBI27547. The read-only ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral all-trans beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and neutral stereospecified zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact existing owner key. This is database-to-owner correspondence, not a new experimental structure determination. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, glycoside, astaxanthin or bound form is equated with the owner.
Database-proposed carotene hydroxylation has_database_proposed_product zeaxanthin Overall annotated hydroxylation product, not an assertion that this is one elementary chemical event or the final metabolite in every source organism. No measured stereoselectivity, yield or native-producer upgrade.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P21688
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P21688
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry72/sequence1, 175aa; protein existence3 is inferred from homology. The exact RHEA30331 chemical assignment is ECO0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not a newly inspected native assay. FUNCTION names beta-carotene-to-zeaxanthin hydroxylation; the PC1 FUNCTION is also explicitly by similarity. Primary papers cited by UniProt were not independently accessible in this audit; no paper-derived experiment or measured stereoselectivity is asserted. Rhea provenance is read through UniProt, not a fresh Rhea retrieval.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt reaction explicitly cross-references CHEBI17579 and CHEBI27547. The read-only ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral all-trans beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and neutral stereospecified zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact existing owner key. This is database-to-owner correspondence, not a new experimental structure determination. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, glycoside, astaxanthin or bound form is equated with the owner.

Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.

Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges

Qualified Paracoccus sp. N81106 reference CrtZ annotation for overall beta-carotene hydroxylation. This is an organism-specific, database-proposed example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. Separate examples do not constitute a multi-organism assembly or a jointly measured pathway. Producer, occurrence and BGC evidence grades are unchanged.

SubjectPredicateObjectNotesEvidence
CrtZ (Paracoccus sp. N81106 reference) is_database_proposed_catalyst_of Database-proposed carotene hydroxylation This is an organism-specific, database-proposed example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. Separate examples do not constitute a multi-organism assembly or a jointly measured pathway. Producer, occurrence and BGC evidence grades are unchanged. Both native deposits name Paracoccus sp. N81106/taxon81397 and state its former Agrobacterium aurantiacum name and MBIC01143 distribution alias. Their complete crtZ CDSs are nucleotide-identical. This does not prove the sequence of a historical assay construct.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P54973
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/D58420.2
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P54973
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry61/sequence1, 162aa; protein existence3 is inferred from homology. The exact RHEA30331 chemical assignment is ECO0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not a newly inspected native assay. FUNCTION names beta-carotene-to-zeaxanthin hydroxylation; the PC1 FUNCTION is also explicitly by similarity. Primary papers cited by UniProt were not independently accessible in this audit; no paper-derived experiment or measured stereoselectivity is asserted. Rhea provenance is read through UniProt, not a fresh Rhea retrieval. FUNCTION names beta-cryptoxanthin as an intermediate; no separate intermediate-structure claim is added.
    snippet
    from beta-carotene to zeaxanthin
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/D58420.2
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Complete CrtZ coding intervals independently translate with table11/codon1 to their deposited translations, native GenPept records and UniProtP54973, all162aa: BAA09592.1 / D58420.2:864..1352; BAE47466.1 / AB206672.1:2469..2957. Both native deposits name Paracoccus sp. N81106/taxon81397 and state its former Agrobacterium aurantiacum name and MBIC01143 distribution alias. Their complete crtZ CDSs are nucleotide-identical. This does not prove the sequence of a historical assay construct. Bounded intervals include clipped neighboring CDS annotations; those neighbors were not independently translated or functionally adopted. Reference equality does not establish activity, native production, physical assembly or assay-construct identity.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt reaction explicitly cross-references CHEBI17579 and CHEBI27547. The read-only ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral all-trans beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and neutral stereospecified zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact existing owner key. This is database-to-owner correspondence, not a new experimental structure determination. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, glycoside, astaxanthin or bound form is equated with the owner.
beta-carotene is_database_proposed_substrate_of Database-proposed carotene hydroxylation Principal carotenoid substrate only. Electron donor, oxygen, protons and water are not modelled as graph participants; no independently measured cofactor specificity or stoichiometric flux.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P54973
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P54973
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry61/sequence1, 162aa; protein existence3 is inferred from homology. The exact RHEA30331 chemical assignment is ECO0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not a newly inspected native assay. FUNCTION names beta-carotene-to-zeaxanthin hydroxylation; the PC1 FUNCTION is also explicitly by similarity. Primary papers cited by UniProt were not independently accessible in this audit; no paper-derived experiment or measured stereoselectivity is asserted. Rhea provenance is read through UniProt, not a fresh Rhea retrieval. FUNCTION names beta-cryptoxanthin as an intermediate; no separate intermediate-structure claim is added.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt reaction explicitly cross-references CHEBI17579 and CHEBI27547. The read-only ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral all-trans beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and neutral stereospecified zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact existing owner key. This is database-to-owner correspondence, not a new experimental structure determination. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, glycoside, astaxanthin or bound form is equated with the owner.
Database-proposed carotene hydroxylation has_database_proposed_product zeaxanthin Overall annotated hydroxylation product, not an assertion that this is one elementary chemical event or the final metabolite in every source organism. No measured stereoselectivity, yield or native-producer upgrade.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P54973
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P54973
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry61/sequence1, 162aa; protein existence3 is inferred from homology. The exact RHEA30331 chemical assignment is ECO0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not a newly inspected native assay. FUNCTION names beta-carotene-to-zeaxanthin hydroxylation; the PC1 FUNCTION is also explicitly by similarity. Primary papers cited by UniProt were not independently accessible in this audit; no paper-derived experiment or measured stereoselectivity is asserted. Rhea provenance is read through UniProt, not a fresh Rhea retrieval. FUNCTION names beta-cryptoxanthin as an intermediate; no separate intermediate-structure claim is added.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt reaction explicitly cross-references CHEBI17579 and CHEBI27547. The read-only ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral all-trans beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and neutral stereospecified zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact existing owner key. This is database-to-owner correspondence, not a new experimental structure determination. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, glycoside, astaxanthin or bound form is equated with the owner.

Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.

Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges

Qualified Paracoccus sp. PC1 reference CrtZ annotation for overall beta-carotene hydroxylation. This is an organism-specific, database-proposed example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. Separate examples do not constitute a multi-organism assembly or a jointly measured pathway. Producer, occurrence and BGC evidence grades are unchanged.

SubjectPredicateObjectNotesEvidence
CrtZ (Paracoccus sp. PC1 reference) is_database_proposed_catalyst_of Database-proposed carotene hydroxylation This is an organism-specific, database-proposed example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. Separate examples do not constitute a multi-organism assembly or a jointly measured pathway. Producer, occurrence and BGC evidence grades are unchanged. The native DNA/protein source names Paracoccus sp. with strainPC1 and taxon267; UniProt uses the named-strain taxon365615. Those taxonomy scopes are retained, not treated as identical identifiers. The exact 162-aa reference differs from the N81106 CrtZ sequence; no strain substitution.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q44262
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/D58422.2
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q44262
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry57/sequence1, 162aa; protein existence3 is inferred from homology. The exact RHEA30331 chemical assignment is ECO0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not a newly inspected native assay. FUNCTION names beta-carotene-to-zeaxanthin hydroxylation; the PC1 FUNCTION is also explicitly by similarity. Primary papers cited by UniProt were not independently accessible in this audit; no paper-derived experiment or measured stereoselectivity is asserted. Rhea provenance is read through UniProt, not a fresh Rhea retrieval. FUNCTION names beta-cryptoxanthin as an intermediate; no separate intermediate-structure claim is added.
    snippet
    from beta-carotene to zeaxanthin
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/D58422.2
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Complete CrtZ coding intervals independently translate with table11/codon1 to their deposited translations, native GenPept records and UniProtQ44262, all162aa: BAA09597.1 / D58422.2:824..1312. The native DNA/protein source names Paracoccus sp. with strainPC1 and taxon267; UniProt uses the named-strain taxon365615. Those taxonomy scopes are retained, not treated as identical identifiers. The exact 162-aa reference differs from the N81106 CrtZ sequence; no strain substitution. Bounded intervals include clipped neighboring CDS annotations; those neighbors were not independently translated or functionally adopted. Reference equality does not establish activity, native production, physical assembly or assay-construct identity.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt reaction explicitly cross-references CHEBI17579 and CHEBI27547. The read-only ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral all-trans beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and neutral stereospecified zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact existing owner key. This is database-to-owner correspondence, not a new experimental structure determination. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, glycoside, astaxanthin or bound form is equated with the owner.
beta-carotene is_database_proposed_substrate_of Database-proposed carotene hydroxylation Principal carotenoid substrate only. Electron donor, oxygen, protons and water are not modelled as graph participants; no independently measured cofactor specificity or stoichiometric flux.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q44262
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q44262
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry57/sequence1, 162aa; protein existence3 is inferred from homology. The exact RHEA30331 chemical assignment is ECO0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not a newly inspected native assay. FUNCTION names beta-carotene-to-zeaxanthin hydroxylation; the PC1 FUNCTION is also explicitly by similarity. Primary papers cited by UniProt were not independently accessible in this audit; no paper-derived experiment or measured stereoselectivity is asserted. Rhea provenance is read through UniProt, not a fresh Rhea retrieval. FUNCTION names beta-cryptoxanthin as an intermediate; no separate intermediate-structure claim is added.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt reaction explicitly cross-references CHEBI17579 and CHEBI27547. The read-only ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral all-trans beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and neutral stereospecified zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact existing owner key. This is database-to-owner correspondence, not a new experimental structure determination. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, glycoside, astaxanthin or bound form is equated with the owner.
Database-proposed carotene hydroxylation has_database_proposed_product zeaxanthin Overall annotated hydroxylation product, not an assertion that this is one elementary chemical event or the final metabolite in every source organism. No measured stereoselectivity, yield or native-producer upgrade.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q44262
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q44262
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry57/sequence1, 162aa; protein existence3 is inferred from homology. The exact RHEA30331 chemical assignment is ECO0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not a newly inspected native assay. FUNCTION names beta-carotene-to-zeaxanthin hydroxylation; the PC1 FUNCTION is also explicitly by similarity. Primary papers cited by UniProt were not independently accessible in this audit; no paper-derived experiment or measured stereoselectivity is asserted. Rhea provenance is read through UniProt, not a fresh Rhea retrieval. FUNCTION names beta-cryptoxanthin as an intermediate; no separate intermediate-structure claim is added.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt reaction explicitly cross-references CHEBI17579 and CHEBI27547. The read-only ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral all-trans beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and neutral stereospecified zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact existing owner key. This is database-to-owner correspondence, not a new experimental structure determination. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, glycoside, astaxanthin or bound form is equated with the owner.

Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.

Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges

CA1 (C. annuum canonical example) for annotated overall beta-carotene hydroxylation. Deliberately selected organism-specific database example. Not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme; no producer, occurrence or BGC evidence upgrade. Separate examples are not a multi-organism pathway, physical assembly or native-production experiment.

SubjectPredicateObjectNotesEvidence
CA1 (C. annuum canonical example) is_database_proposed_catalyst_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Deliberately selected organism-specific database example. Not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme; no producer, occurrence or BGC evidence upgrade. Separate examples are not a multi-organism pathway, physical assembly or native-production experiment.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49815
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/GU122940.1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/Y09225.1
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49815
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry83/sequence2, 315-aa canonical precursor, protein existence1. The overall RHEA:30331 and FUNCTION annotations cite ECO:0000269/PMID:9555077, but that primary paper was not independently accessible here. The cited original CAA70427.1 differs at six residues from this canonical reference; this graph adopts the database assignment, not experimental equivalence of those sequences. No histidine-mutant, cofactor-specificity, inhibition or developmental-regulation claim is imported. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity or stoichiometric flux.
    snippet
    Produces beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/GU122940.1
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The complete seven-exon CrtZ-2 CDS, join(17..436,786..845,945..1016,1133..1267,1426..1551,1737..1793,1964..2041), translates to ADH04291.1 and current UniProt O49815, all315aa. Native source is Capsicum annuum/taxon4072, cultivarValencia, fruit pericarp. The complete NM_001324855.1:1..948 CDS is nucleotide-identical after splicing and translates to NP_001311784.1 and the same canonical protein. Both use codon_start1 and standard table1 (no explicit transl_table qualifier). RefSeq is PROVISIONAL, derived from JQ031264.1; its cultivar is unstated and its processing annotations are propagated from UniProt, not independent evidence. This is reference identity, not shared assay-stock or construct identity.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/Y09225.1
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The original Y09225.1:25..972 CDS independently translates to CAA70427.1,315aa, with no source cultivar qualifier. It differs from canonical O49815 at positions211/212 LL->FF,225 L->I,259 N->K,298 L->I and312 S->L, exactly the five UniProt sequence-conflict features covering six residues. No adjudication of sequencing error versus biological variation, and no transfer of a historical assay to the present canonical sequence. Predicted mature chain 59..315 (transit peptide 1..58) and the ten annotated H->A mutants are not assayed-construct mappings.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt overall reaction cross-references CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The same-day ChEBI255 cache receipt identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not an independent assay stereochemical measurement. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
beta-carotene is_database_proposed_substrate_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Principal carotenoid substrate only; electron donors, oxygen, protons and water are not graph participants. No independently verified cofactor specificity.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49815
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49815
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry83/sequence2, 315-aa canonical precursor, protein existence1. The overall RHEA:30331 and FUNCTION annotations cite ECO:0000269/PMID:9555077, but that primary paper was not independently accessible here. The cited original CAA70427.1 differs at six residues from this canonical reference; this graph adopts the database assignment, not experimental equivalence of those sequences. No histidine-mutant, cofactor-specificity, inhibition or developmental-regulation claim is imported. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity or stoichiometric flux.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt overall reaction cross-references CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The same-day ChEBI255 cache receipt identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not an independent assay stereochemical measurement. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation has_database_proposed_product zeaxanthin Overall annotated product, not a single elementary event, independently measured stereoselectivity or final metabolite in every source organism.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49815
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49815
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry83/sequence2, 315-aa canonical precursor, protein existence1. The overall RHEA:30331 and FUNCTION annotations cite ECO:0000269/PMID:9555077, but that primary paper was not independently accessible here. The cited original CAA70427.1 differs at six residues from this canonical reference; this graph adopts the database assignment, not experimental equivalence of those sequences. No histidine-mutant, cofactor-specificity, inhibition or developmental-regulation claim is imported. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity or stoichiometric flux.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt overall reaction cross-references CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The same-day ChEBI255 cache receipt identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not an independent assay stereochemical measurement. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.

Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.

Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges

CrtZ (H. lacustris fragment example) for annotated overall beta-carotene hydroxylation. Deliberately selected organism-specific database example. Not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme; no producer, occurrence or BGC evidence upgrade. Separate examples are not a multi-organism pathway, physical assembly or native-production experiment.

SubjectPredicateObjectNotesEvidence
CrtZ (H. lacustris fragment example) is_database_proposed_catalyst_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Deliberately selected organism-specific database example. Not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme; no producer, occurrence or BGC evidence upgrade. Separate examples are not a multi-organism pathway, physical assembly or native-production experiment.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SPK6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AF162276.1
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SPK6
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry63/sequence1, 322-aa Fragment,Precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. The exact overall RHEA:30331 assignment is ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8. FUNCTION also mentions astaxanthin, but no astaxanthin-owner or additional reaction is adopted. The cited primary functional paper was not independently accessible. No claim that the fragment is a full-length native enzyme or the assayed construct. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity or stoichiometric flux.
    snippet
    Hydroxylates beta-ring of beta-carotene
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AF162276.1
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The full1608nt mRNA and GenPept AAD54243.1 name Haematococcus lacustris/taxon44745, with no strain qualifier; H.pluvialis is the entry synonym. The partial CDS <1..971 has codon_start3. Standard table1 translation (no explicit transl_table qualifier) of the reported frame yields the exact322aa deposited and UniProt fragment plus terminal stop. This does not recover the missing N-terminus or establish a full-length CDS. Predicted transit cleavage at68/69 and membrane topology do not define an independently verified mature enzyme or assay construct.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt overall reaction cross-references CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The same-day ChEBI255 cache receipt identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not an independent assay stereochemical measurement. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
beta-carotene is_database_proposed_substrate_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Principal carotenoid substrate only; electron donors, oxygen, protons and water are not graph participants. No independently verified cofactor specificity.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SPK6
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SPK6
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry63/sequence1, 322-aa Fragment,Precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. The exact overall RHEA:30331 assignment is ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8. FUNCTION also mentions astaxanthin, but no astaxanthin-owner or additional reaction is adopted. The cited primary functional paper was not independently accessible. No claim that the fragment is a full-length native enzyme or the assayed construct. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity or stoichiometric flux.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt overall reaction cross-references CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The same-day ChEBI255 cache receipt identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not an independent assay stereochemical measurement. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation has_database_proposed_product zeaxanthin Overall annotated product, not a single elementary event, independently measured stereoselectivity or final metabolite in every source organism.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SPK6
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SPK6
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry63/sequence1, 322-aa Fragment,Precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. The exact overall RHEA:30331 assignment is ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8. FUNCTION also mentions astaxanthin, but no astaxanthin-owner or additional reaction is adopted. The cited primary functional paper was not independently accessible. No claim that the fragment is a full-length native enzyme or the assayed construct. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity or stoichiometric flux.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The inspected UniProt overall reaction cross-references CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The same-day ChEBI255 cache receipt identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not an independent assay stereochemical measurement. No meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.

Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.

Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges

BCH1 (A. thaliana canonical example) for annotated overall beta-carotene hydroxylation. Deliberately selected Arabidopsis thaliana/taxon3702 canonical-reference example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence or BGC upgrade. Separate paralog examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly.

SubjectPredicateObjectNotesEvidence
BCH1 (A. thaliana canonical example) is_database_proposed_catalyst_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Deliberately selected Arabidopsis thaliana/taxon3702 canonical-reference example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence or BGC upgrade. Separate paralog examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SZZ8
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AF125576.1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/U58919.1
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SZZ8
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry135/sequence1, canonical310-aa precursor, protein existence1. The overall RHEA:30331 assignment cites ECO:0000269/PMID:8798688, but the primary paper (DOI:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349) was not independently accessible. Its original deposited protein covers canonical residues17..310, not the full reference; exact historical assay-construct identity remains unresolved. The canonical database example does not assert experimentally verified full-length activity or isoform-2 activity. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No mutant phenotype, physical assembly, cofactor specificity, native-production or independent stereoselectivity claim.
    snippet
    Specific for beta-ring hydroxylations of beta-carotene.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AF125576.1
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Complete CDS AF125576.1:70..1002 translates to AAF85797.1 and canonical Q9SZZ8,310aa. The seven-exon AF125577.1 CDS join(1178..1555,1635..1694,1771..1842,1916..2050,2425..2550,2656..2712,2799..2903) and NM_118702.4:184..1116 yield AAF85798.1 and NP_194300.1, respectively. All three933nt coding sequences are identical after splicing and translate with codon_start1, standard table1 (no explicit transl_table). Native sources name Arabidopsis thaliana/taxon3702; both AF12557x records lack an ecotype qualifier, whereas reviewed TAIR/Araport RefSeq says Columbia. This is reference identity, not a shared assay stock.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/U58919.1
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The original Columbia mRNA has partial CDS <1..887, codon_start3. Translation of its885nt in-frame segment yields AAC49443.1,294aa, exactly canonical residues17..310 plus a stop; that segment equals full-CDS nucleotides49..933. The missing16 residues are not recovered from this deposit. UniProt isoform2 changes216..224 GLGITVFGI to VSPSFIWSY and deletes225..310, a224-aa model whose native deposits were not inspected. No activity transfer to that isoform. Predicted transit peptide1..51/mature chain52..310 and annotated N-terminal deletion experiments do not establish the historical construct. Other genomic cross-references uninspected.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
beta-carotene is_database_proposed_substrate_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Principal carotenoid substrate only; electron donors, oxygen, protons and water are not graph participants. No independently verified cofactor specificity.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SZZ8
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SZZ8
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry135/sequence1, canonical310-aa precursor, protein existence1. The overall RHEA:30331 assignment cites ECO:0000269/PMID:8798688, but the primary paper (DOI:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349) was not independently accessible. Its original deposited protein covers canonical residues17..310, not the full reference; exact historical assay-construct identity remains unresolved. The canonical database example does not assert experimentally verified full-length activity or isoform-2 activity. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No mutant phenotype, physical assembly, cofactor specificity, native-production or independent stereoselectivity claim.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation has_database_proposed_product zeaxanthin Overall annotated product, not a single elementary event, independently measured stereoselectivity or final metabolite in every tissue.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SZZ8
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9SZZ8
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry135/sequence1, canonical310-aa precursor, protein existence1. The overall RHEA:30331 assignment cites ECO:0000269/PMID:8798688, but the primary paper (DOI:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349) was not independently accessible. Its original deposited protein covers canonical residues17..310, not the full reference; exact historical assay-construct identity remains unresolved. The canonical database example does not assert experimentally verified full-length activity or isoform-2 activity. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No mutant phenotype, physical assembly, cofactor specificity, native-production or independent stereoselectivity claim.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.

Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.

Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges

BCH2 (A. thaliana canonical example) for annotated overall beta-carotene hydroxylation. Deliberately selected Arabidopsis thaliana/taxon3702 canonical-reference example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence or BGC upgrade. Separate paralog examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly.

SubjectPredicateObjectNotesEvidence
BCH2 (A. thaliana canonical example) is_database_proposed_catalyst_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Deliberately selected Arabidopsis thaliana/taxon3702 canonical-reference example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence or BGC upgrade. Separate paralog examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9LTG0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB025606.1?from=14249&to=16225
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001125948.1
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9LTG0
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry132/sequence1, canonical303-aa precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. The exact overall RHEA:30331 assignment is ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not an independently measured Q9LTG0 reaction. FUNCTION cites ECO:0000305 literature inferences; the 2001 paper (DOI:10.1023/A:1011623907959) was not independently accessible. The234-aa alternative isoform is excluded; the canonical reference is not asserted to be the historical assay construct. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No mutant phenotype, physical assembly, cofactor specificity, native-production or independent stereoselectivity claim.
    snippet
    Specific for beta-ring hydroxylations of beta-carotene.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB025606.1?from=14249&to=16225
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The bounded genomic slice14249..16225 contains the complete reverse-strand seven-exon CDS complement(join(14249..14338,14478..14534,14637..14762,15093..15227,15321..15392,15710..15769,15854..16225)), translating to BAA98075.1 and canonical Q9LTG0,303aa. AY074394.1:23..934, AY117225.1:1..912 and NM_124636.4:240..1151 yield AAL67090.1, AAM51300.1 and NP_200070.1. All four912nt coding sequences are identical after splicing and translate with codon_start1, standard table1 (no explicit transl_table). All inspected native sources name Arabidopsis thaliana/taxon3702, ecotypeColumbia. cDNA clones RAFL09-37-B08(R18630) and U18630 and reviewed TAIR/Araport RefSeq establish reference correspondence, not historical assay-stock identity.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001125948.1
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Alternative RefSeq CDS116..820 translates to NP_001119420.1,234aa, matching UniProt Q9LTG0-2. Its705nt coding sequence equals the canonical CDS with nucleotides430..636 removed; the corresponding protein lacks canonical residues144..212. This distinct isoform is excluded from the graph and pathway example. RefSeq gene-level function text is not independent isoform-specific activity evidence. Predicted transit peptide1..52/mature chain53..303 does not define an assay construct. Other genomic cross-references and ESTs were not inspected.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
beta-carotene is_database_proposed_substrate_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Principal carotenoid substrate only; electron donors, oxygen, protons and water are not graph participants. No independently verified cofactor specificity.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9LTG0
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9LTG0
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry132/sequence1, canonical303-aa precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. The exact overall RHEA:30331 assignment is ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not an independently measured Q9LTG0 reaction. FUNCTION cites ECO:0000305 literature inferences; the 2001 paper (DOI:10.1023/A:1011623907959) was not independently accessible. The234-aa alternative isoform is excluded; the canonical reference is not asserted to be the historical assay construct. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No mutant phenotype, physical assembly, cofactor specificity, native-production or independent stereoselectivity claim.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation has_database_proposed_product zeaxanthin Overall annotated product, not a single elementary event, independently measured stereoselectivity or final metabolite in every tissue.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9LTG0
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9LTG0
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry132/sequence1, canonical303-aa precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. The exact overall RHEA:30331 assignment is ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8, not an independently measured Q9LTG0 reaction. FUNCTION cites ECO:0000305 literature inferences; the 2001 paper (DOI:10.1023/A:1011623907959) was not independently accessible. The234-aa alternative isoform is excluded; the canonical reference is not asserted to be the historical assay construct. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No mutant phenotype, physical assembly, cofactor specificity, native-production or independent stereoselectivity claim.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.

Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.

Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges

BHY (G. lutea canonical example) for annotated overall beta-carotene hydroxylation. Deliberately selected organism-specific canonical-reference database example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence, taxonomy-facet or BGC upgrade. Separate examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly.

SubjectPredicateObjectNotesEvidence
BHY (G. lutea canonical example) is_database_proposed_catalyst_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Deliberately selected organism-specific canonical-reference database example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence, taxonomy-facet or BGC upgrade. Separate examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/B3SGL0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/EF203255.1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB027187.1
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/B3SGL0
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry41/sequence1, canonical320-aa precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. RHEA:30331 is ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8; FUNCTION also cites ECO:0000305/PMID:12591618. The primary paper DOI:10.1016/S0167-4781(03)00017-4 was not independently accessible. Original BAE92729.1 has K73 versus canonical R73; no historical assay-construct or stock equivalence is asserted. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity, cofactor specificity, native-production or physical assembly claim.
    snippet
    Specific for beta-ring hydroxylations of beta-carotene.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/EF203255.1
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The complete EF203255.1:120..1082 CDS in the1519nt mRNA is963nt including stop, translating with codon_start1 and standard table1 (no explicit transl_table) to ACF21782.1 and canonical B3SGL0,320aa. Both native sources name Gentiana lutea/taxon38851 without a strain, cultivar or ecotype qualifier. This is reference identity, not historical assay-stock or construct identity.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB027187.1
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The complete AB027187.1:120..1082 CDS also uses codon_start1/table1 and translates to BAE92729.1,320aa. Relative to canonical EF203255, coding nucleotide218 (transcript337) is A rather than G, giving K73 rather than R73, exactly the UniProt R73K conflict. No sequencing error versus biological variation adjudication. Native source is Gentiana lutea/taxon38851, no strain/cultivar/ecotype. Only this deposit states flower petal/flower bud; those qualifiers are not transferred to EF203255. EF203255 cites the2003 paper while AB027187 says published only in database; neither identifies a retrieved assay construct. Predicted transit1..78/mature79..320 are not assay boundaries.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
beta-carotene is_database_proposed_substrate_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Principal carotenoid substrate only; electron donors, oxygen, protons and water are not graph participants. No independently verified cofactor specificity.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/B3SGL0
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/B3SGL0
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry41/sequence1, canonical320-aa precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. RHEA:30331 is ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8; FUNCTION also cites ECO:0000305/PMID:12591618. The primary paper DOI:10.1016/S0167-4781(03)00017-4 was not independently accessible. Original BAE92729.1 has K73 versus canonical R73; no historical assay-construct or stock equivalence is asserted. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity, cofactor specificity, native-production or physical assembly claim.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation has_database_proposed_product zeaxanthin Overall annotated product, not a single elementary event, independently measured stereoselectivity or final metabolite in every tissue.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/B3SGL0
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/B3SGL0
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry41/sequence1, canonical320-aa precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. RHEA:30331 is ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8; FUNCTION also cites ECO:0000305/PMID:12591618. The primary paper DOI:10.1016/S0167-4781(03)00017-4 was not independently accessible. Original BAE92729.1 has K73 versus canonical R73; no historical assay-construct or stock equivalence is asserted. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity, cofactor specificity, native-production or physical assembly claim.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.

Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.

Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges

HYB (Oncidium hybrid canonical example) for annotated overall beta-carotene hydroxylation. Deliberately selected organism-specific canonical-reference database example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence, taxonomy-facet or BGC upgrade. Separate examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly.

SubjectPredicateObjectNotesEvidence
HYB (Oncidium hybrid canonical example) is_database_proposed_catalyst_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Deliberately selected organism-specific canonical-reference database example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence, taxonomy-facet or BGC upgrade. Separate examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/C3VEQ1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/FJ859991.1
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/C3VEQ1
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry35/sequence1, canonical305-aa precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. FUNCTION and overall RHEA:30331 are ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8. The primary paper DOI:10.1007/s00425-010-1222-x was not independently accessible. Tissue-expression and developmental annotations do not establish product flux, species-wide production or engineered BGC origin. The similarity-derived homodimer annotation is not adopted. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity, cofactor specificity, native-production or physical assembly claim.
    snippet
    Specific for beta-ring hydroxylations of beta-carotene.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/FJ859991.1
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The complete HyB CDS127..1044 in the1061nt mRNA is918nt including stop, translating with codon_start1 and standard table1 (no explicit transl_table) to ACP27626.1 and canonical C3VEQ1,305aa. Both native source blocks name Oncidium hybrid cultivar/taxon141207 with no separate cultivar, strain or ecotype qualifier. The mRNA descriptive title says Oncidium Gower Ramsey; this is not a distinct source qualifier. No transfer to Sunkist or species-wide production. Predicted transit1..41/mature42..305 does not define an assay construct. Reference equality does not establish activity or assembly.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
beta-carotene is_database_proposed_substrate_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Principal carotenoid substrate only; electron donors, oxygen, protons and water are not graph participants. No independently verified cofactor specificity.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/C3VEQ1
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/C3VEQ1
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry35/sequence1, canonical305-aa precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. FUNCTION and overall RHEA:30331 are ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8. The primary paper DOI:10.1007/s00425-010-1222-x was not independently accessible. Tissue-expression and developmental annotations do not establish product flux, species-wide production or engineered BGC origin. The similarity-derived homodimer annotation is not adopted. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity, cofactor specificity, native-production or physical assembly claim.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation has_database_proposed_product zeaxanthin Overall annotated product, not a single elementary event, independently measured stereoselectivity or final metabolite in every tissue.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/C3VEQ1
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/C3VEQ1
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry35/sequence1, canonical305-aa precursor, protein existence2 at transcript level. FUNCTION and overall RHEA:30331 are ECO:0000250 from Q9SZZ8. The primary paper DOI:10.1007/s00425-010-1222-x was not independently accessible. Tissue-expression and developmental annotations do not establish product flux, species-wide production or engineered BGC origin. The similarity-derived homodimer annotation is not adopted. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity, cofactor specificity, native-production or physical assembly claim.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.

Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.

Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges

CA2 (C. annuum canonical example) for annotated overall beta-carotene hydroxylation. Deliberately selected organism-specific canonical-reference database example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence, taxonomy-facet or BGC upgrade. Separate examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly.

SubjectPredicateObjectNotesEvidence
CA2 (C. annuum canonical example) is_database_proposed_catalyst_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Deliberately selected organism-specific canonical-reference database example, not the Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 BGC0000656 enzyme. No producer, occurrence, taxonomy-facet or BGC upgrade. Separate examples are alternatives, not consecutive steps or a physical protein assembly.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49814
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AYRZ02000006.1?from=136905580&to=136907662
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/Y09722.1
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49814
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry78/sequence2, canonical308-aa precursor, protein existence1. FUNCTION and overall RHEA:30331 cite ECO:0000269/PMID:9555077, but DOI:10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0 was not independently accessible. The original316-aa CAA70888.1 differs at the N-terminus; UniProt marks its cross-reference ALT_SEQ and cautions about sequencing errors. That is a database caution, not independent adjudication or canonical assay-construct equality. Separate intermediate reactions and O49815-derived inhibition annotations are not adopted. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity, cofactor specificity, native-production or physical assembly claim.
    snippet
    Produces beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AYRZ02000006.1?from=136905580&to=136907662
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The2083nt bounded genomic interval contains the complete reverse-strand CDS complement(join(136905580..136905657,136905758..136905814,136905914..136906039,136906407..136906541,136906670..136906741,136907120..136907179,136907264..136907662)). Its927nt including stop translate with codon_start1/standard table1 (no explicit transl_table) to PHT78526.1 and canonical O49814,308aa. Native source is Capsicum annuum/taxon4072, cultivarCM334, chromosome6, BioSampleSAMN02981571. Locus T459_16578 and exact sequence/cross-reference support identity; the native product label says hydroxylase1 whereas UniProt CA2 and original CAA70888 say hydroxylase2. This label disagreement is retained. No Zunla-1 provenance or historical assay-stock identity is transferred.
  • reference
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/Y09722.1
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    The1044nt original mRNA has partial CDS<1..951, codon_start1, table1 (no explicit transl_table), yielding CAA70888.1,316aa plus stop. Native source is Capsicum annuum/taxon4072 with no cultivar qualifier. Original residues1..13 TTGRYHYQLVWCQ replace canonical1..5 MAAAR; original14..316 equals canonical6..308, and original CDS40..951 equals canonical CDS16..927. This does not recover a missing N-terminus or independently resolve UniProt sequencing-error caution. Predicted transit1..59/mature60..308 are not assay boundaries. Other genomic cross-references and Zunla-1 RefSeq were not inspected.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
beta-carotene is_database_proposed_substrate_of Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation Principal carotenoid substrate only; electron donors, oxygen, protons and water are not graph participants. No independently verified cofactor specificity.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49814
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49814
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry78/sequence2, canonical308-aa precursor, protein existence1. FUNCTION and overall RHEA:30331 cite ECO:0000269/PMID:9555077, but DOI:10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0 was not independently accessible. The original316-aa CAA70888.1 differs at the N-terminus; UniProt marks its cross-reference ALT_SEQ and cautions about sequencing errors. That is a database caution, not independent adjudication or canonical assay-construct equality. Separate intermediate reactions and O49815-derived inhibition annotations are not adopted. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity, cofactor specificity, native-production or physical assembly claim.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.
Database-assigned carotene hydroxylation has_database_proposed_product zeaxanthin Overall annotated product, not a single elementary event, independently measured stereoselectivity or final metabolite in every tissue.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49814
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
  • reference
    https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O49814
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    Reviewed UniProt entry78/sequence2, canonical308-aa precursor, protein existence1. FUNCTION and overall RHEA:30331 cite ECO:0000269/PMID:9555077, but DOI:10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0 was not independently accessible. The original316-aa CAA70888.1 differs at the N-terminus; UniProt marks its cross-reference ALT_SEQ and cautions about sequencing errors. That is a database caution, not independent adjudication or canonical assay-construct equality. Separate intermediate reactions and O49815-derived inhibition annotations are not adopted. Adopted as a database assertion. Rhea is read through UniProt, not a new Rhea retrieval. No independently measured stereoselectivity, cofactor specificity, native-production or physical assembly claim.
  • reference
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:27547
    evidence type
    CURATOR_INFERENCE
    retrieved on
    2026-10-09
    notes
    UniProt cross-references the overall reaction to CHEBI:17579 and CHEBI:27547. The inspected ChEBI255 cache identifies neutral beta-carotene as OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N and stereospecified neutral zeaxanthin as JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N, the exact owner. This is annotation-to-owner correspondence, not independent assay stereochemistry; no meso-zeaxanthin, other geometrical isomer, lutein, astaxanthin or glycoside transfer.

Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.

Bioactivities 25

Entries preserve source qualifiers, targets and evidence. Repeated assay names or values are not independent replications; inspect source detail for differences.

AssayResultTarget enzymeSource detail
P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screenOTHER 14.581 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
PMID:31515284
assay
P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen
evidence
  • reference
    PMID:31515284
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 1346987, deposited by NCGC; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
14.581
units
uM
Primary qHTS assay for inhibitors of human arachidonate 12S-lipoxygenase (ALOX12): Round 2OTHER 35.4813 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:1671190
assay
Primary qHTS assay for inhibitors of human arachidonate 12S-lipoxygenase (ALOX12): Round 2
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:1671190
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 1671190, deposited by NCGC; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
35.4813
units
uM
Primary qHTS assay for inhibitors of human arachidonate 12S-lipoxygenase (ALOX12): Round 2OTHER 35.4813 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDUniProtKB:P18054
pubchem.aid:1671190
assay
Primary qHTS assay for inhibitors of human arachidonate 12S-lipoxygenase (ALOX12): Round 2
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:1671190
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 1671190, deposited by NCGC; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
35.4813
units
uM
target enzyme
UniProtKB:P18054
Primary qHTS for inhibitors of NSP2Pro chikungunya virus (CHIKV)OTHER 11.0903 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDUniProtKB:Q8JUX6
pubchem.aid:1964107
assay
Primary qHTS for inhibitors of NSP2Pro chikungunya virus (CHIKV)
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:1964107
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 1964107, deposited by NCGC; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
11.0903
units
uM
target enzyme
UniProtKB:Q8JUX6
Primary qHTS to identify inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 cell entryOTHER 17.7828 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:1645846
assay
Primary qHTS to identify inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:1645846
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 1645846, deposited by NCGC; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
17.7828
units
uM
Rat pregnane X receptor (rPXR) activation by small molecules, qHTS assayOTHER 15.8489 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:1346983
assay
Rat pregnane X receptor (rPXR) activation by small molecules, qHTS assay
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:1346983
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 1346983, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency. Target accession EDM11231 was left ungrounded because PubChem did not provide a UniProtKB accession.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
15.8489
units
uM
qHTS Assay for Identifying Gametocytocidal CompoundsOTHER 35.4813 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:743244
assay
qHTS Assay for Identifying Gametocytocidal Compounds
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743244
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743244, deposited by NCGC; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
35.4813
units
uM
qHTS assay for identifying genotoxic compounds that show differential cytotoxicity against isogenic chicken DT40 cell lines with known DNA damage response pathways - Rad54/Ku70 mutant cell lineOTHER 11.8832 uM; ACTIVENot recorded
pubchem.aid:743015
assay
qHTS assay for identifying genotoxic compounds that show differential cytotoxicity against isogenic chicken DT40 cell lines with known DNA damage response pathways - Rad54/Ku70 mutant cell line
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743015
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743015, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
ACTIVE
measurement type
OTHER
value
11.8832
units
uM
qHTS assay for identifying genotoxic compounds that show differential cytotoxicity against isogenic chicken DT40 cell lines with known DNA damage response pathways - Rev3 mutant cell lineOTHER 13.3332 uM; ACTIVENot recorded
pubchem.aid:743014
assay
qHTS assay for identifying genotoxic compounds that show differential cytotoxicity against isogenic chicken DT40 cell lines with known DNA damage response pathways - Rev3 mutant cell line
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743014
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743014, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
ACTIVE
measurement type
OTHER
value
13.3332
units
uM
qHTS assay for identifying genotoxic compounds that show differential cytotoxicity against isogenic chicken DT40 cell lines with known DNA damage response pathways - wild type cell lineOTHER 7.4978 uM; ACTIVENot recorded
pubchem.aid:743012
assay
qHTS assay for identifying genotoxic compounds that show differential cytotoxicity against isogenic chicken DT40 cell lines with known DNA damage response pathways - wild type cell line
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743012
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743012, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
ACTIVE
measurement type
OTHER
value
7.4978
units
uM
qHTS assay for small molecule agonists of the p53 signaling pathwayOTHER 29.8493 uM; ACTIVEUniProtKB:P04637
pubchem.aid:651631
assay
qHTS assay for small molecule agonists of the p53 signaling pathway
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:651631
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 651631, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
ACTIVE
measurement type
OTHER
value
29.8493
units
uM
target enzyme
UniProtKB:P04637
qHTS assay for small molecule agonists of the p53 signaling pathway - cell viabilityOTHER 33.4915 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:651633
assay
qHTS assay for small molecule agonists of the p53 signaling pathway - cell viability
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:651633
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 651633, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
33.4915
units
uM
qHTS assay for small molecule agonists of the p53 signaling pathway: SummaryOTHER 29.8493 uM; ACTIVEUniProtKB:P04637
pubchem.aid:720552
assay
qHTS assay for small molecule agonists of the p53 signaling pathway: Summary
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:720552
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 720552, deposited by 824; assay type Summary. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
ACTIVE
measurement type
OTHER
value
29.8493
units
uM
target enzyme
UniProtKB:P04637
qHTS assay for small molecule disruptors of the mitochondrial membrane potentialOTHER 1.8834 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:720635
assay
qHTS assay for small molecule disruptors of the mitochondrial membrane potential
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:720635
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 720635, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
1.8834
units
uM
qHTS assay for small molecule disruptors of the mitochondrial membrane potential - cell viabilityOTHER 33.4915 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:720634
assay
qHTS assay for small molecule disruptors of the mitochondrial membrane potential - cell viability
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:720634
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 720634, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
33.4915
units
uM
qHTS assay for small molecules that induce genotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells expressing luciferase-tagged ATAD5OTHER 26.6032 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDUniProtKB:Q96QE3
pubchem.aid:651632
assay
qHTS assay for small molecules that induce genotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells expressing luciferase-tagged ATAD5
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:651632
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 651632, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
26.6032
units
uM
target enzyme
UniProtKB:Q96QE3
qHTS assay for small molecules that induce genotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells expressing luciferase-tagged ATAD5 - cell viabilityOTHER 23.7101 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:651634
assay
qHTS assay for small molecules that induce genotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells expressing luciferase-tagged ATAD5 - cell viability
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:651634
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 651634, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
23.7101
units
uM
qHTS assay for small molecules that induce genotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells expressing luciferase-tagged ATAD5: SummaryOTHER 31.0171 uM; ACTIVEUniProtKB:Q96QE3
pubchem.aid:720516
assay
qHTS assay for small molecules that induce genotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells expressing luciferase-tagged ATAD5: Summary
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:720516
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 720516, deposited by 824; assay type Summary. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
ACTIVE
measurement type
OTHER
value
31.0171
units
uM
target enzyme
UniProtKB:Q96QE3
activity class
TOXIN
qHTS assay to identify aromatase inhibitorsOTHER 33.4915 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:743083
assay
qHTS assay to identify aromatase inhibitors
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743083
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743083, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency. Target accession EAW77416 was left ungrounded because PubChem did not provide a UniProtKB accession.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
33.4915
units
uM
qHTS assay to identify aromatase inhibitors - cell viability counter screenOTHER 33.4915 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:743084
assay
qHTS assay to identify aromatase inhibitors - cell viability counter screen
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743084
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743084, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
33.4915
units
uM
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathwayOTHER 16.9301 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:743036
assay
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743036
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743036, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency. Target accession AAI32976 was left ungrounded because PubChem did not provide a UniProtKB accession.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
16.9301
units
uM
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway: SummaryOTHER 26.8325 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:743053
assay
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway: Summary
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743053
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743053, deposited by 824; assay type Summary. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency. Target accession AAI32976 was left ungrounded because PubChem did not provide a UniProtKB accession.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
26.8325
units
uM
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) signaling pathwayOTHER 10.6822 uM; INACTIVENot recorded
pubchem.aid:743075
assay
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) signaling pathway
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743075
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743075, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source endpoint: Potency. Target accession AEP43755 was left ungrounded because PubChem did not provide a UniProtKB accession.
call
INACTIVE
measurement type
OTHER
value
10.6822
units
uM
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) signaling pathwayOTHER 21.3138 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:743094
assay
qHTS assay to identify small molecule agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) signaling pathway
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743094
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743094, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency. Target accession BAH02283 was left ungrounded because PubChem did not provide a UniProtKB accession.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
21.3138
units
uM
qHTS assay to identify small molecule antagonists of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathwayOTHER 26.8325 uM; NOT_DETERMINEDNot recorded
pubchem.aid:743035
assay
qHTS assay to identify small molecule antagonists of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway
evidence
  • reference
    pubchem.aid:743035
    evidence type
    DATABASE_ASSERTION
    notes
    PubChem BioAssay AID 743035, deposited by 824; assay type Confirmatory. Source outcome: Inconclusive. Source endpoint: Potency. Target accession AAI32976 was left ungrounded because PubChem did not provide a UniProtKB accession.
call
NOT_DETERMINED
measurement type
OTHER
value
26.8325
units
uM
notes
14 further PubChem assay results are in data/raw/pubchem_bioassay.tsv but not written here.

Explore across X-Mech

AntibioticMech (zeaxanthin) ↗ MediaIngredientMech (CHEBI:27547) ↗ TaxonMech: Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2 (NCBITaxon:78245) ↗ PathwayMech (mibig:BGC0000656) ↗

Provenance

Source conceptSourceVersion
BGC0000656MIBIG5
CHEBI:27547CHEBI3-star

This page is generated from data/natural_products/terpenoids/zeaxanthin.yaml, which is generated from the committed inventories. Neither is edited by hand.