amikacin

CHEBI:2637 ·resolve ·ANTIBACTERIAL ·EXACT SEEDED

An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group. — ChEBI

Machine-generated and unreviewed. Identity, structure and cross-references come straight from ChEBI's and CARD's own data; no curator has signed off on this record yet.

Classification

aminoglycoside antibioticARO:0000016

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

Label unavailable CHEBI:22390
Label unavailable CHEBI:22479
Label unavailable CHEBI:37622
Label unavailable CHEBI:47779
aminoglycoside antibiotic ARO:0000016

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formula	C22H43N5O13
Charge	0
Average mass	585.608 Da
Monoisotopic mass	585.28574 Da
Source	ChEBI
InChIKey	LKCWBDHBTVXHDL-RMDFUYIESA-N

SMILES

NCC[C@H](O)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CN)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)[C@H]1O

InChI

InChI=1S/C22H43N5O13/c23-2-1-8(29)20(36)27-7-3-6(25)18(39-22-16(34)15(33)13(31)9(4-24)37-22)17(35)19(7)40-21-14(32)11(26)12(30)10(5-28)38-21/h6-19,21-22,28-35H,1-5,23-26H2,(H,27,36)/t6-,7+,8-,9+,10+,11-,12+,13+,14+,15-,16+,17-,18+,19-,21+,22+/m0/s1

Also called

amikacina (INN)— chebi
amikacine (INN)— chebi
amikacinum (INN)— chebi
(2S)-4-amino-N-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-2-(3-amino-3-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-(6-amino-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
1-N-(L(−)-γ-amino-α-hydroxybutyryl)kanamycin A (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Amikacin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
O-3-amino-3-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-(6-amino-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6))-N3-(4-amino-L-2-hydroxybutyryl)-2-deoxy-L-streptamine (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
AMK (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Amicacin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Amikacina (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Amikacinum (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Amikavet (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Arikace (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Kaminax (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Lukadin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Mikavir (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
mikacin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Drug registries

Identifiers that name a drug rather than a structure. One of these can cover a parent compound, its salts and its stereoisomers, which this corpus keeps as separate records, so it is not an equivalence of structure.

Patents and articles

Documents about this compound. A patent covers a class and an article covers a topic; neither identifies a structure.

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

antimicrobial agent CHEBI:33281
antibacterial drug CHEBI:36047

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
Source	Native ID	Label	Minted CURIE	Version
ARO	`ARO:0000013`	amikacin	`antibioticmech:aro-78030ec7ba`	2026-08-30
CHEBI	`CHEBI:2637`	amikacin	`antibioticmech:chebi-cc9bb9e534`	2026-08-30

Molecular targets

The molecular entity or process this compound acts on. Each target carries evidence — this is a mechanistic claim, not a classification.

antibiotic sensitive 16S rRNA NUCLEIC_ACID DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000755

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. 16S rRNA is asserted as the target. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000755 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Activity spectrum

Measured or curated activity against specific taxa. A number without a method is not an observation — every row here carries an assay.

294 observations · Browse all observations · Complete record (JSON.gz)

Observations 1–20 of 294

Activity observations
Organism	Activity	MIC	Disk diffusion	Assay	Strain	Sample/genome	Evidence
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	270 source isolates 270 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	4066 source isolates 4066 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; not specified	—	2 source isolates 2 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; not specified	—	3 source isolates 3 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; solid media	—	24 source isolates 24 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; solid media	—	225 source isolates 225 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	INTERMEDIATE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	46 source isolates 46 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	850 source isolates 850 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; not specified	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.5 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	1323 source isolates 1323 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.5 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	93 source isolates 93 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.5 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	302 source isolates 302 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	1.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	117 source isolates 117 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	1.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	38 source isolates 38 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	1.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	29 source isolates 29 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	2.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	18 source isolates 18 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	2.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	17 source isolates 17 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	2.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	8 source isolates 8 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	4.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	20 source isolates 20 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)

Resistance mechanisms

102 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION 79

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
AAC(3)-Ib/AAC(6')-Ib3 bifunctional protein	ARO:3002600	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002600 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-29a	ARO:3002583	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002583 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-29b	ARO:3002584	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002584 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-31	ARO:3002585	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002585 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-32	ARO:3002586	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002586 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-I-48	ARO:3004638	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004638 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-I30	ARO:3002588	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002588 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-I33	ARO:3002587	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002587 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ia	ARO:3002545	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002545 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iaa	ARO:3002571	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002571 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iad	ARO:3002572	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002572 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iae	ARO:3002573	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002573 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iaf	ARO:3002574	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002574 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iai	ARO:3002575	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002575 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iaj	ARO:3003677	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003677 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iak	ARO:3003199	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003199 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ian	ARO:3003200	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003200 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iap	ARO:3007204	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007204 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib	ARO:3002546	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002546 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib'	ARO:3003676	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003676 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-Hangzhou	ARO:3002592	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002592 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-SK	ARO:3002593	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002593 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-Suzhou	ARO:3002591	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002591 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr1	ARO:3002547	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002547 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr3	ARO:3005112	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005112 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr4	ARO:3005114	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005114 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr5	ARO:3005115	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005115 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr6	ARO:3005116	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005116 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr7	ARO:3005117	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005117 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr8	ARO:3005118	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005118 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr9	ARO:3005119	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005119 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib10	ARO:3002581	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002581 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib11	ARO:3002582	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002582 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib3	ARO:3002576	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002576 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib4	ARO:3002577	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002577 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib7	ARO:3002578	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002578 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib8	ARO:3002579	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002579 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib9	ARO:3002580	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002580 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ic	ARO:3002549	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002549 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia bifunctional protein	ARO:3002597	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002597 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-If	ARO:3002553	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002553 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ig	ARO:3002554	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002554 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ih	ARO:3002555	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002555 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ii	ARO:3002556	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002556 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iid	ARO:3002589	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002589 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iih	ARO:3002590	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002590 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ij	ARO:3002557	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002557 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ik	ARO:3002558	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002558 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Il	ARO:3004635	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004635 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Im	ARO:3004629	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004629 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ip	ARO:3002559	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002559 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iq	ARO:3002560	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002560 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ir	ARO:3002561	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002561 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Is	ARO:3002562	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002562 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Isa	ARO:3002563	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002563 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-It	ARO:3002564	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002564 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iu	ARO:3002565	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002565 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iv	ARO:3002566	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002566 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iw	ARO:3002567	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002567 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ix	ARO:3002568	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002568 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iy	ARO:3002569	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002569 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iz	ARO:3002570	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002570 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(4')-IIa	ARO:3002624	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002624 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(4')-IIb	ARO:3002625	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002625 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(4')-Ia	ARO:3002623	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002623 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(4')-Ib	ARO:3003905	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003905 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(2'')-IIIa	ARO:3002636	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002636 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(2'')-IVa	ARO:3002637	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002637 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(2'')-Ie	ARO:3002634	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002634 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(2'')-Ig	ARO:3002669	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002669 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(3')-IIIa	ARO:3002647	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002647 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(3')-IXa	ARO:3004087	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004087 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(3')-VIIIa	ARO:3004680	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004680 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(3')-VIIIb	ARO:3004086	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004086 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(3')-VIa	ARO:3002652	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002652 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(3')-VIb	ARO:3002653	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002653 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aac(6')-Ib-cr10	ARO:3007770	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007770 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aac(6')-Ib-cr11	ARO:3007771	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007771 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aphA15	ARO:3004675	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004675 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION 17

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA (rrnS) mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin	ARO:3007537	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007537 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin	ARO:3003481	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003481 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis eis with mutation conferring resistance to amikacin	ARO:3009333	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009333 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin	ARO:3003239	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003239 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin	ARO:3003514	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003514 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
armA	ARO:3000858	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000858 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
npmA	ARO:3002665	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002665 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtA	ARO:3000859	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000859 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtB	ARO:3000860	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000860 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtC	ARO:3000861	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000861 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtD	ARO:3002667	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002667 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtD2	ARO:3004677	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004677 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtE	ARO:3004678	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004678 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtE2	ARO:3004679	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004679 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtG	ARO:3002668	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002668 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtH	ARO:3003198	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003198 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
sgm	ARO:3000862	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000862 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX 5

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Acinetobacter baumannii AbuO	ARO:3004578	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004578 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AcrAD-TolC	ARO:3004082	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004082 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
MexXY-OprA	ARO:3003038	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003038 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
MexXY-OprM	ARO:3003032	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003032 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
acrD	ARO:3000491	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000491 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

UNKNOWN 1

UNKNOWN
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
PvrR	ARO:3003688	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003688 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000013 (amikacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Curation history

SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-10 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank amikacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank amikacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation from isolate 0346.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added 8 stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank amikacin-resistant Multi-Mechanism panel MIC observations for AR-1153, AR-1155, AR-1156, AR-1157, AR-1158, AR-1159, AR-1161, and AR-1163.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 amikacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1268.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-16 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 amikacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1269.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-16 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 amikacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1270.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-16 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 amikacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1328.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-18 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MIC observation for AR-0083; preserved source Unknown, BioSample SAMN04014924, Study ID CarbaNP-52, and MLST ST1(Pasteur)/ST231/1604(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-18 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MIC observation for AR-0078; preserved source Pus, BioSample SAMN04014919, Study ID CarbaNP-47, and MLST ST229(Pasteur)/ST203(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-20 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1394 amikacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1332; preserved source Urine, Study ID IMP-10, unavailable BioSample accession, and MLST ST357(Pasteur) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-20 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1394 amikacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1333; preserved source Urine, Study ID IMP-11, unavailable BioSample accession, and MLST ST2731(Pasteur) in evidence notes.
STRUCTURED_ACTIVITY_BIOSAMPLE_ACCESSIONS 2026-09-26 · codex · LLM-assisted
Structured BioSample accessions on 16 activity_spectrum observation(s) where evidence notes already named exactly one accession.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-26 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: activity_spectrum (CRYPTIC 3.4.0). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-10-05 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: activity_membership_collections (CRYPTIC 3.4.0). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

Explore across X-Mech: MediaIngredientMech (amikacin) · CultureMech · NaturalProductMech · PathwayMech · TraitMech