AntibioticMech

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brefeldin A

CHEBI:48080 ·resolve ·ANTIBACTERIAL ·EXACT SEEDED

A metabolite from Penicillium brefeldianum that exhibits a wide range of antibiotic activity. — ChEBI

Machine-generated and unreviewed. Identity, structure and cross-references come straight from ChEBI's and CARD's own data; no curator has signed off on this record yet.

Classification

macrolide antibioticARO:0000000

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formulaC16H24O4
Charge0
Average mass280.364 Da
Monoisotopic mass280.16746 Da
SourceChEBI
InChIKeyKQNZDYYTLMIZCT-KQPMLPITSA-N

SMILES

[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])/C=C/CCC[C@H](C)OC(=O)/C=C/[C@H]2O

InChI

InChI=1S/C16H24O4/c1-11-5-3-2-4-6-12-9-13(17)10-14(12)15(18)7-8-16(19)20-11/h4,6-8,11-15,17-18H,2-3,5,9-10H2,1H3/b6-4+,8-7+/t11-,12+,13-,14+,15+/m0/s1

Also called

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
SourceNative IDLabelMinted CURIEVersion
ARO ARO:3009176 brefeldin A antibioticmech:aro-6d4094623f 2026-08-30
CHEBI CHEBI:48080 brefeldin A antibioticmech:chebi-a8acc9f977 2026-08-30

Resistance mechanisms

1 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

UNKNOWN 1
UNKNOWN
DeterminantARO IDOrganismGene familiesEvidence
MRR1 transformant(JEY355-MRR1(V877F)) (transformant) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to brefeldin A
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review eddouzi-2013-mrr1-reference-context: The strain label denotes reference background, not the clinical donor JEY355 or a uniquely resolved tested derivative. UniProtKB:Q5A4G2 and the retained gene_id ground the reference MRR1 locus. Source rows do not resolve allele dosage or individual derivative; drug-specific assays and clinical MICs remain separate. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:Q5A4G2.		 — Candida albicans NCBITaxon:5476
strain SC5314 C3_05920W_A-T
PHIPO:0000584		 —
  • PMID:23629718 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:8769; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
  • DOI:10.1128/aac.00555-13 (Identifier-scope review: Results, Tables 1, 3 and 4, Figure 3, UniProtKB release 2026_03: Q5A4G2 entry 131, sequence version 1. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.)
Cell growth assay

Curation history

  1. SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

    Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)

  2. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  3. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  4. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-02 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  5. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-03 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  6. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-03 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  7. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Scoped 1 imported associations without conflating reference, donor and unresolved tested-subject identities. Preserved source alterations and phenotypes; refreshed older review checksums without biological changes.

  8. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after Rybak reference-context reviews; all biological fields and previous decisions unchanged.

  9. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after carboxin reference-context reviews; all biological fields, activities and previous decisions unchanged.

  10. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after two additional carboxin identifier-scope corrections; all biological fields, activities and previous decisions unchanged.

  11. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after eleven additional identifier-scope corrections; biological fields, activities and decisions unchanged.

  12. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after seventeen additional identifier-scope corrections; biological fields, activities and decisions unchanged.

  13. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after one yeast identity-scope correction; biological fields, activities and prior decisions unchanged.

  14. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after twelve reference-scope corrections; biological fields, activities and prior decisions unchanged.

  15. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after nine identifier-scope corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  16. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after six identifier-scope corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  17. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after eight subject-identity corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  18. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Darlington subject correction; prior review decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  19. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Nakayama reference-scope review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  20. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Duan reference-scope review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  21. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Piotrowska parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  22. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Xu subject and species corrections; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  23. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Shima parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  24. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Mehrabi parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  25. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Huang parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  26. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the HDF1 subject-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  27. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Fouche parent-cohort review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  28. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_REFERENCE_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the SDH8 reference-alias correction; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  29. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after the Posteraro subject-context review; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  30. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_REFERENCE_CONTEXT 2026-10-12 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after four reference-identifier scope corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  31. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-13 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after one Neurospora subject-context correction; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

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