gentamicin

antibioticmech:aro-b380d64ee1 ·ANTIBACTERIAL ·MINTED SEEDED

Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex). — PMID:28507482

Machine-generated and unreviewed. Identity, structure and cross-references come straight from ChEBI's and CARD's own data; no curator has signed off on this record yet.

Classification

aminoglycoside antibioticARO:0000016

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

aminoglycoside antibiotic ARO:0000016

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formula	C21H43N5O7
Charge	0
Average mass	477.6 Da
Monoisotopic mass	477.31624873 Da
Source	PubChem · retrieved 2026-08-29
InChIKey	CEAZRRDELHUEMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

CC(C1CCC(C(O1)OC2C(CC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(CO3)(C)O)NC)O)N)N)N)NC

InChI

InChI=1S/C21H43N5O7/c1-9(25-3)13-6-5-10(22)19(31-13)32-16-11(23)7-12(24)17(14(16)27)33-20-15(28)18(26-4)21(2,29)8-30-20/h9-20,25-29H,5-8,22-24H2,1-4H3

Also called

Cidomycin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Garamycin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Gentacycol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Gentamicins (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Gentamicinum (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Gentavet (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
Source	Native ID	Label	Minted CURIE	Version
ARO	`ARO:3007382`	gentamicin	`antibioticmech:aro-b380d64ee1`	2026-08-30

Activity spectrum

Measured or curated activity against specific taxa. A number without a method is not an observation — every row here carries an assay.

12 observations · Browse all observations · Complete record (JSON.gz)

Activity observations
Organism	Activity	MIC	Disk diffusion	Assay	Strain	Sample/genome	Evidence
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0349	BioSample SAMN11953777	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2024 M100 S34.	0297	BioSample SAMN04901687	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0346	BioSample SAMN11953774	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1305	BioSample SAMN46941623	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Staphylococcus aureus NCBITaxon:1280	—	16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0702	BioSample SAMN11953852	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Staphylococcus epidermidis NCBITaxon:1282	—	>32.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0726	BioSample SAMN11953876	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Staphylococcus haemolyticus NCBITaxon:1283	—	>32.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0729	BioSample SAMN11953879	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Staphylococcus haemolyticus NCBITaxon:1283	—	>32.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0730	BioSample SAMN11953880	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank reports an R interpretation without a versioned breakpoint footnote on this isolate page.	0033	BioSample SAMN04014874	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2024 M100 S34 per the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 footnote.	0078	BioSample SAMN04014919	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2020 M100 S30 per the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 footnote.	0083	BioSample SAMN04014924	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution gentamicin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35 per the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 footnote.	0538	BioSample SAMN11953785	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)

Resistance mechanisms

32 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION 28

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
AAC(2')-Ia	ARO:3002523	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002523 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(2')-Ib	ARO:3002524	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002524 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(2')-Ic	ARO:3002525	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002525 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(2')-Id	ARO:3002526	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002526 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(2')-Ie	ARO:3002527	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002527 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIIa	ARO:3002536	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002536 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIIb	ARO:3002537	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002537 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIa	ARO:3002533	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002533 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIb	ARO:3002534	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002534 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIc	ARO:3002535	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002535 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IId	ARO:3004623	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004623 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIe	ARO:3004621	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004621 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIg	ARO:3005085	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005085 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IVa	ARO:3002539	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002539 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-Ia	ARO:3002528	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002528 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-Ib	ARO:3002530	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002530 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-Ib/AAC(6')-Ib3 bifunctional protein	ARO:3002600	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002600 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-Ic	ARO:3002531	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002531 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-Id	ARO:3002529	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002529 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-VIa	ARO:3002540	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002540 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-31	ARO:3002585	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002585 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-32	ARO:3002586	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002586 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-IIa	ARO:3002594	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002594 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-IIb	ARO:3002595	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002595 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-IIc	ARO:3002596	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002596 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Va	ARO:3009655	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009655 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(2'')-Ia	ARO:3000230	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000230 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
fosA5	ARO:3003209	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003209 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX 4

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
AcrAD-TolC	ARO:3004082	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004082 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
CrcB	ARO:3005049	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005049 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
acrD	ARO:3000491	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000491 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
putative nickel/cobalt transporter	ARO:3007659	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007659 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007382 (gentamicin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Curation history

SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO)
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank gentamicin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Corrected the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank 0349 breakpoint context from CLSI 2024 M100 S34 to CLSI 2025 M100 S35.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation from isolate 0346.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli isolate MIC observation for AR-1305.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-13 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added four stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1125 gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus MIC observations for AR-0702, AR-0726, AR-0729, and AR-0730.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-18 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 isolate 0033 Acinetobacter baumannii gentamicin MIC 16 mg/L with interpretation R; preserved source Unknown, BioSample SAMN04014874, Study ID CarbaNP-02, and MLST ST85(Pasteur)/ST1089(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-18 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank isolate 0078 Acinetobacter baumannii gentamicin MIC >16 mg/L resistance observation from Panel 1227.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-19 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 gentamicin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MIC observation for AR-0083; preserved source Unknown, BioSample SAMN04014924, Study ID CarbaNP-52, and MLST ST1(Pasteur)/ST231/1604(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-19 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0538; preserved BioSample SAMN11953785 and Study ID NEW-22 in evidence notes.
STRUCTURED_ACTIVITY_BIOSAMPLE_ACCESSIONS 2026-09-26 · codex · LLM-assisted
Structured BioSample accessions on 12 activity_spectrum observation(s) where evidence notes already named exactly one accession.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

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