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sparfloxacin

CHEBI:9212 ·resolve ·ANTIBACTERIAL ·EXACT SEEDED

Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some mycobacteria. It has moderate activity against some anaerobes. — PMID:1317145

Machine-generated and unreviewed. Identity, structure and cross-references come straight from ChEBI's and CARD's own data; no curator has signed off on this record yet.

Classification

fluoroquinolone antibioticARO:0000001

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formulaC19H22F2N4O3
Charge0
Average mass392.406 Da
Monoisotopic mass392.166 Da
SourceChEBI
InChIKeyDZZWHBIBMUVIIW-DTORHVGOSA-N

SMILES

C[C@@H]1CN(c2c(F)c(N)c3c(=O)c(C(=O)O)cn(C4CC4)c3c2F)C[C@H](C)N1

InChI

InChI=1S/C19H22F2N4O3/c1-8-5-24(6-9(2)23-8)17-13(20)15(22)12-16(14(17)21)25(10-3-4-10)7-11(18(12)26)19(27)28/h7-10,23H,3-6,22H2,1-2H3,(H,27,28)/t8-,9+

Also called

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Drug registries

Identifiers that name a drug rather than a structure. One of these can cover a parent compound, its salts and its stereoisomers, which this corpus keeps as separate records, so it is not an equivalence of structure.

Patents and articles

Documents about this compound. A patent covers a class and an article covers a topic; neither identifies a structure.

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
SourceNative IDLabelMinted CURIEVersion
ARO ARO:3000666 sparfloxacin antibioticmech:aro-7782c16aa4 2026-08-30
CHEBI CHEBI:9212 sparfloxacin antibioticmech:chebi-d9575d7b63 2026-08-30

Molecular targets

The molecular entity or process this compound acts on. Each target carries evidence — this is a mechanistic claim, not a classification.

fluoroquinolone sensitive gyrA PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000733

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. ARO explicitly describes ligand binding to gyrase subunit A. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

Mechanism summary

Clinical status
APPROVED

Resistance mechanisms

25 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION 21
ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION
DeterminantARO IDOrganismGene familiesEvidence
Acinetobacter baumannii gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003817 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003817 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Acinetobacter baumannii parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003818 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003818 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Bartonella bacilliformis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003297 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003297 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003294 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003294 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003308 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003308 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003316 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003316 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Morganella morganii gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003306 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003306 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium leprae gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003298 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003298 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium leprae gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003304 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003304 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003295 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003295 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB with mutation conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003459 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003459 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycoplasma hominis parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003310 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003310 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003684 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003684 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella serovars gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003307 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003307 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella serovars parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones
Evidence-scope review 2026-10-16-salmonella-pare-evidence-scope: The cited Enteritidis study found no independent parE effect in its tested background; an indirect contribution remained unresolved. This is not a universal inactivity claim or evidence for every serovar and inherited compound. Retain CARD's assertion as database evidence, without assigning an experimental protein, allele, taxon or susceptibility observation. Qualification references, not an upgrade of the CARD assertion: DOI:10.1128/aac.01005-08 (Results: Contribution of target gene mutations to quinolone resistance; Table 1: quinolone headers and relevant parE comparison; Table 3: compound headers and absence of a parE-specific comparison; Discussion: paragraph beginning Although complementation; publisher HTML text and selected table text; no visual table, figure or supplement verification). Reviewed 2026-10-16 by Codex; curation/card_evidence_reviews.json SHA-256 584f3e32ce0122eb2315fe09bbe22e058539bef184ad2d75756a6f3016bf2687.
ARO:3003317 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003317 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003296 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003296 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003312 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003312 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003315 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003315 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Streptococcus pneumoniae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003311 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003311 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Ureaplasma urealyticum gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003305 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003305 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Ureaplasma urealyticum parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ARO:3003309 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003309 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX 2
ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX
DeterminantARO IDOrganismGene familiesEvidence
norB ARO:3000421 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3000421 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
putative nickel/cobalt transporter ARO:3007659 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3007659 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_PROTECTION 2
ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_PROTECTION
DeterminantARO IDOrganismGene familiesEvidence
mfpA ARO:3003035 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3003035 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
quinolone resistance protein (qnr) ARO:3000419 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3000419 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000666 (sparfloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Curation history

  1. SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

    Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)

  2. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  3. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  4. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  5. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  6. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  7. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-10 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  8. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-10-16 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded; changed: resistance_mechanisms (CARD). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

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