AntibioticMech

spectinomycin

CHEBI:9215 ·resolve ·ANTIBACTERIAL ·EXACT SEEDED

A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. — ChEBI

Classification

aminoglycoside antibioticARO:0000016

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

• CHEBI:146295 CHEBI:146295
• CHEBI:35681 CHEBI:35681
• CHEBI:3992 CHEBI:3992
• CHEBI:50995 CHEBI:50995
• CHEBI:59770 CHEBI:59770
• CHEBI:59780 CHEBI:59780
• ARO:0000016 ARO:0000016

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties

Molecular formula	C14H24N2O7
Charge	0
Average mass	332.353 Da
Monoisotopic mass	332.15835 Da
Source	ChEBI
InChIKey	UNFWWIHTNXNPBV-WXKVUWSESA-N

SMILES

[H][C@]12O[C@@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@H](NC)[C@H](O)[C@H](NC)[C@H]3O[C@@]1(O)C(=O)C[C@@H](C)O2

InChI

InChI=1S/C14H24N2O7/c1-5-4-6(17)14(20)13(21-5)22-12-10(19)7(15-2)9(18)8(16-3)11(12)23-14/h5,7-13,15-16,18-20H,4H2,1-3H3/t5-,7-,8+,9+,10+,11-,12-,13+,14+/m1/s1

Also called

• espectinomicina (INN)— chebi
• spectinomycine (INN)— chebi
• spectinomycinum (INN)— chebi
• (2R,4aR,5aR,6S,7S,8R,9S,9aR,10aS)-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-2-methyl-6,8-bis(methylamino)decahydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-b][1,4]benzodioxin-4-one (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
• Antibiotic 2233wp (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
• Actinospectacin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
• Spectam (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
• Togamycin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
• Trobicin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro

Cross-references

Equivalent identifiers for this same structure in other resources.

• ARO:0000039
• cas:1695-77-8
• drugbank:DB00919
• drugcentral:2468
• hmdb:HMDB0015055
• kegg.compound:C02078
• kegg.drug:D08526
• lincs.smallmolecule:LSM-5298
• patent:US4203903
• patent:WO2005041984
• pdb-ccd:SCM
• reaxys:2171701
• wikipedia.en:Spectinomycin
• chembl:CHEMBL1167
• pubchem.compound:15541

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

• CHEBI:33281 CHEBI:33281
• CHEBI:36047 CHEBI:36047

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record

Source	Native ID	Label	Minted CURIE	Version
ARO	ARO:0000039	spectinomycin	antibioticmech:aro-fabbceac75	2026-08-30
CHEBI	CHEBI:9215	spectinomycin	antibioticmech:chebi-4692828957	2026-08-30

Molecular targets

The molecular entity or process this compound acts on. Each target carries evidence — this is a mechanistic claim, not a classification.

antibiotic sensitive 16S rRNA NUCLEIC_ACID DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000755

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. 16S rRNA is asserted as the target. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

• ARO:3000755 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Resistance mechanisms

48 known routes by which microbes resist this compound, grounded in ARO where CARD models them. Grouped by mechanism type — expand a group to see its determinants.

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION 37

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION

Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
ANT(3'')-II-AAC(6')-IId bifunctional protein	ARO:3002598	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002598 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(3'')-IIa	ARO:3004089	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004089 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(3'')-IIb	ARO:3004090	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004090 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(3'')-IIc	ARO:3004091	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004091 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(3'')-Ib	ARO:3005062	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005062 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(9)-Ia	ARO:3002630	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002630 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(9)-Ib	ARO:3007401	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007401 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(9)-Ic	ARO:3007515	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007515 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(9)-Ia	ARO:3002662	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002662 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(9)-Ib	ARO:3002663	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002663 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(9)-Ic	ARO:3007539	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007539 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA	ARO:3002601	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002601 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA10	ARO:3004692	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004692 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA11	ARO:3002611	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002611 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA12	ARO:3002612	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002612 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA13	ARO:3002613	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002613 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA14	ARO:3002614	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002614 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA15	ARO:3002615	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002615 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA16	ARO:3002616	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002616 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA17	ARO:3002617	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002617 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA2	ARO:3002602	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002602 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA21	ARO:3002618	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002618 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA22	ARO:3002619	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002619 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA23	ARO:3002620	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002620 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA24	ARO:3002621	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002621 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA25	ARO:3003197	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003197 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA27	ARO:3004682	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004682 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA3	ARO:3002603	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002603 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA4	ARO:3002604	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002604 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA5	ARO:3002605	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002605 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA6	ARO:3002606	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002606 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA6/aadA10	ARO:3002622	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002622 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA7	ARO:3002607	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002607 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA8	ARO:3002608	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002608 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA8b	ARO:3004704	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004704 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA9	ARO:3002609	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002609 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
spd	ARO:3002631	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002631 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION 10

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION

Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Bacillus subtilis rpsE mutations conferring resistance to spectinomycin	ARO:3007527	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007527 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin	ARO:3003502	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003502 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Chlamydophila psittaci 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin	ARO:3003485	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003485 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrnB) mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin	ARO:3003377	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003377 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin	ARO:3003376	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003376 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsH) mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin	ARO:3003372	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003372 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin	ARO:3003495	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003495 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Neisseria meningitidis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin	ARO:3003497	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003497 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Pasteurella multocida 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin	ARO:3003493	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003493 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella enterica 16S rRNA (rrsD) mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin	ARO:3003512	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003512 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX 1

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX

Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnGH-TolC	ARO:3004598	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004598 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000039 (spectinomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Curation history

1. SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

   Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)

2. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

   Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

3. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

   Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

4. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources

   Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record.