tobramycin

CHEBI:28864 ·resolve ·ANTIBACTERIAL ·EXACT SEEDED

A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. — ChEBI

Machine-generated and unreviewed. Identity, structure and cross-references come straight from ChEBI's and CARD's own data; no curator has signed off on this record yet.

Classification

aminoglycoside antibioticARO:0000016

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

Label unavailable CHEBI:22479
aminoglycoside antibiotic ARO:0000016

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formula	C18H37N5O9
Charge	0
Average mass	467.52 Da
Monoisotopic mass	467.25913 Da
Source	ChEBI
InChIKey	NLVFBUXFDBBNBW-PBSUHMDJSA-N

SMILES

NC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)[C@H]3O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]2N)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1O

InChI

InChI=1S/C18H37N5O9/c19-3-9-8(25)2-7(22)17(29-9)31-15-5(20)1-6(21)16(14(15)28)32-18-13(27)11(23)12(26)10(4-24)30-18/h5-18,24-28H,1-4,19-23H2/t5-,6+,7+,8-,9+,10+,11-,12+,13+,14-,15+,16-,17+,18+/m0/s1

Also called

(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-(2,6-diamino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-D-ribo-hexopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl 3-amino-3-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
3'-Deoxykanamycin B (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Nebramycin 6 (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Nebramycin factir 6 (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
O-3-Amino-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-(2,6-diamino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-ribohexopyranosyl-(1-4))-2-deoxy-D-streptamine (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Tobracin (TN) (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Tobramycin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Tobrex (TN) (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Gotabiotic (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Nebcin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Tenebrimycin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Tobracin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Tobradistin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Tobramaxin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Tobramicin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Tobramitsetin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Tobramycetin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Tobrex (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Drug registries

Identifiers that name a drug rather than a structure. One of these can cover a parent compound, its salts and its stereoisomers, which this corpus keeps as separate records, so it is not an equivalence of structure.

Patents and articles

Documents about this compound. A patent covers a class and an article covers a topic; neither identifies a structure.

wikipedia.en:Tobramycin

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

antimicrobial agent CHEBI:33281
antibacterial agent CHEBI:33282

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
Source	Native ID	Label	Minted CURIE	Version
ARO	`ARO:0000052`	tobramycin	`antibioticmech:aro-2db7d91840`	2026-08-30
CHEBI	`CHEBI:28864`	tobramycin	`antibioticmech:chebi-7bce6663cd`	2026-08-30

Molecular targets

The molecular entity or process this compound acts on. Each target carries evidence — this is a mechanistic claim, not a classification.

antibiotic sensitive 16S rRNA NUCLEIC_ACID DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000755

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. 16S rRNA is asserted as the target. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000755 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Mechanism summary

Clinical status: APPROVED

Activity spectrum

Measured or curated activity against specific taxa. A number without a method is not an observation — every row here carries an assay.

32 observations · Browse all observations · Complete record (JSON.gz)

Activity observations
Organism	Activity	MIC	Disk diffusion	Assay	Strain	Sample/genome	Evidence
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0349	BioSample SAMN11953777	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Klebsiella pneumoniae NCBITaxon:573	—	16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0497	BioSample SAMN11953783	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2024 M100 S34.	0297	BioSample SAMN04901687	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0346	BioSample SAMN11953774	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Klebsiella pneumoniae NCBITaxon:573	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1149	BioSample SAMN34111336	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Enterobacter cloacae complex NCBITaxon:354276	—	16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1151	BioSample SAMN34111338	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Enterobacter cloacae complex NCBITaxon:354276	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1152	BioSample SAMN34111339	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Klebsiella pneumoniae NCBITaxon:573	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1153	BioSample SAMN34111340	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1155	BioSample SAMN34111341	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1156	BioSample SAMN34111342	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1157	BioSample SAMN34111343	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Klebsiella pneumoniae NCBITaxon:573	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1158	BioSample SAMN34111344	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1159	BioSample SAMN34111345	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Enterobacter cloacae complex NCBITaxon:354276	—	8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1160	BioSample SAMN34111346	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1161	BioSample SAMN34111347	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1162	BioSample SAMN34111348	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Klebsiella pneumoniae NCBITaxon:573	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1163	BioSample SAMN34111349	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1106	BioSample SAMN19970475	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1107	BioSample SAMN31096620	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1268	BioSample SAMN33435241	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1269	BioSample SAMN33435242	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1270	BioSample SAMN33435243	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1328	BioSample SAMN50502207	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Klebsiella pneumoniae NCBITaxon:573	—	16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0347	BioSample SAMN11953775	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0495	BioSample SAMN11953781	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0538	BioSample SAMN11953785	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank reports an R interpretation without a versioned breakpoint footnote on this isolate page.	0033	BioSample SAMN04014874	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2024 M100 S34 per the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 footnote.	0078	BioSample SAMN04014919	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution tobramycin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2020 M100 S30 per the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 footnote.	0083	BioSample SAMN04014924	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank tobramycin MIC; interpreted using CLSI 2026 M100 Ed36 per the Panel 1394 footnote.	1332	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>16.0 mg/L	—	CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank tobramycin MIC; interpreted using CLSI 2026 M100 Ed36 per the Panel 1394 footnote.	1333	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	8.0 mg/L	—	CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank tobramycin MIC; interpreted using CLSI 2026 M100 S36 per the Panel 1394 footnote.	1334	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)

Resistance mechanisms

116 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION 95

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
AAC(2')-Ia	ARO:3002523	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002523 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(2')-Ib	ARO:3002524	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002524 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(2')-Ic	ARO:3002525	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002525 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(2')-Id	ARO:3002526	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002526 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(2')-Ie	ARO:3002527	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002527 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIIa	ARO:3002536	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002536 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIIb	ARO:3002537	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002537 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIa	ARO:3002533	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002533 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIb	ARO:3002534	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002534 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIc	ARO:3002535	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002535 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IId	ARO:3004623	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004623 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIe	ARO:3004621	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004621 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IIg	ARO:3005085	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005085 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IVa	ARO:3002539	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002539 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-IVb	ARO:3005061	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005061 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(3)-Ib/AAC(6')-Ib3 bifunctional protein	ARO:3002600	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002600 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-29a	ARO:3002583	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002583 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-29b	ARO:3002584	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002584 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-31	ARO:3002585	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002585 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-32	ARO:3002586	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002586 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-I-43	ARO:3004641	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004641 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-I-48	ARO:3004638	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004638 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-I30	ARO:3002588	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002588 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-I33	ARO:3002587	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002587 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-IIa	ARO:3002594	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002594 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-IIb	ARO:3002595	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002595 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-IIc	ARO:3002596	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002596 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ia	ARO:3002545	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002545 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iaa	ARO:3002571	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002571 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iad	ARO:3002572	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002572 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iae	ARO:3002573	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002573 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iaf	ARO:3002574	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002574 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iai	ARO:3002575	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002575 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iaj	ARO:3003677	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003677 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iak	ARO:3003199	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003199 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ian	ARO:3003200	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003200 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iap	ARO:3007204	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007204 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib	ARO:3002546	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002546 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib'	ARO:3003676	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003676 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-Hangzhou	ARO:3002592	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002592 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-SK	ARO:3002593	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002593 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-Suzhou	ARO:3002591	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002591 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr1	ARO:3002547	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002547 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr3	ARO:3005112	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005112 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr4	ARO:3005114	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005114 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr5	ARO:3005115	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005115 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr6	ARO:3005116	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005116 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr7	ARO:3005117	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005117 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr8	ARO:3005118	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005118 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr9	ARO:3005119	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005119 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib10	ARO:3002581	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002581 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib11	ARO:3002582	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002582 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib3	ARO:3002576	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002576 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib4	ARO:3002577	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002577 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib7	ARO:3002578	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002578 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib8	ARO:3002579	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002579 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib9	ARO:3002580	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002580 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ic	ARO:3002549	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002549 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia bifunctional protein	ARO:3002597	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002597 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-If	ARO:3002553	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002553 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ig	ARO:3002554	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002554 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ih	ARO:3002555	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002555 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ii	ARO:3002556	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002556 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iid	ARO:3002589	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002589 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iih	ARO:3002590	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002590 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ij	ARO:3002557	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002557 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ik	ARO:3002558	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002558 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Il	ARO:3004635	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004635 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Im	ARO:3004629	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004629 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ip	ARO:3002559	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002559 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iq	ARO:3002560	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002560 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ir	ARO:3002561	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002561 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Is	ARO:3002562	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002562 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Isa	ARO:3002563	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002563 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-It	ARO:3002564	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002564 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iu	ARO:3002565	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002565 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iv	ARO:3002566	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002566 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iw	ARO:3002567	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002567 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ix	ARO:3002568	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002568 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iy	ARO:3002569	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002569 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Iz	ARO:3002570	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002570 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Va	ARO:3009655	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009655 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(2'')-Ia	ARO:3000230	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000230 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(3'')-II-AAC(6')-IId bifunctional protein	ARO:3002598	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002598 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(4')-IIa	ARO:3002624	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002624 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(4')-IIb	ARO:3002625	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002625 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(4')-Ia	ARO:3002623	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002623 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(4')-Ib	ARO:3003905	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003905 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(2'')-IIIa	ARO:3002636	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002636 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(2'')-IVa	ARO:3002637	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002637 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(2'')-Ie	ARO:3002634	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002634 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(2'')-If	ARO:3004191	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004191 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(2'')-Ig	ARO:3002669	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002669 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aac(6')-Ib-cr10	ARO:3007770	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007770 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aac(6')-Ib-cr11	ARO:3007771	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007771 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION 12

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin	ARO:3003408	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003408 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin	ARO:3003237	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003237 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin	ARO:3003516	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003516 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
armA	ARO:3000858	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000858 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtA	ARO:3000859	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000859 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtB	ARO:3000860	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000860 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtC	ARO:3000861	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000861 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtD	ARO:3002667	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002667 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtD2	ARO:3004677	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004677 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtG	ARO:3002668	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002668 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
rmtH	ARO:3003198	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003198 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
sgm	ARO:3000862	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000862 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX 7

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
AcrAD-TolC	ARO:3004082	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004082 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AmrAB-OprM	ARO:3002981	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002981 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
CrcB	ARO:3005049	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005049 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnGH-TolC	ARO:3004598	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004598 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
MexXY-OprA	ARO:3003038	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003038 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
MexXY-OprM	ARO:3003032	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003032 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
acrD	ARO:3000491	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000491 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_REPLACEMENT 1

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_REPLACEMENT
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
dfrL	ARO:3007456	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007456 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

UNKNOWN 1

UNKNOWN
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
PvrR	ARO:3003688	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003688 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000052 (tobramycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Curation history

SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-10 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank tobramycin-resistant Escherichia coli isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank tobramycin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank tobramycin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Corrected the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank 0349 breakpoint context from CLSI 2024 M100 S34 to CLSI 2025 M100 S35.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank tobramycin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation from isolate 0346.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added 13 stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank tobramycin-resistant Multi-Mechanism panel MIC observations for AR-1149, AR-1151, AR-1152, AR-1153, AR-1155, AR-1156, AR-1157, AR-1158, AR-1159, AR-1160, AR-1161, AR-1162, and AR-1163.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 tobramycin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1106.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 tobramycin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1107.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 tobramycin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1268.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 tobramycin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1269.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 tobramycin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1270.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 tobramycin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1328.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 tobramycin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae MIC observation for AR-0347.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 tobramycin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0495.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 tobramycin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0538.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-18 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 isolate 0033 Acinetobacter baumannii tobramycin MIC 16 mg/L with interpretation R; preserved source Unknown, BioSample SAMN04014874, Study ID CarbaNP-02, and MLST ST85(Pasteur)/ST1089(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-18 · codex · LLM-assisted
Fixes #428. Clarified the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 isolate 0033 tobramycin evidence note for BioSample SAMN04014874 to include both normalized and original MIC units, and revised the same-row curation-history wording to call out the stable isolate-detail URL.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-18 · codex · LLM-assisted
Fixes #429. Restored the original 2026-09-18T10:14:31Z AR Bank 0033 tobramycin curation-history text so provenance remains append-only; left the #428 correction as a later clarification of normalized/original MIC units and the stable CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank isolate-detail URL.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-19 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 tobramycin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MIC observation for AR-0078; preserved source Pus, BioSample SAMN04014919, Study ID CarbaNP-47, and MLST ST229(Pasteur)/ST203(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-19 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 tobramycin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MIC observation for AR-0083; preserved source Unknown, BioSample SAMN04014924, Study ID CarbaNP-52, and MLST ST1(Pasteur)/ST231/1604(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-20 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1394 tobramycin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1332; preserved source Urine, Study ID IMP-10, unavailable BioSample accession, and MLST ST357(Pasteur) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-20 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added two stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1394 tobramycin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observations for AR-1333 and AR-1334; preserved sources Urine and P-trap water, Study IDs IMP-11 and IMP-12, unavailable BioSample accessions, and MLST ST2731(Pasteur)/ST235(Pasteur) in evidence notes.
STRUCTURED_ACTIVITY_BIOSAMPLE_ACCESSIONS 2026-09-26 · codex · LLM-assisted
Structured BioSample accessions on 29 activity_spectrum observation(s) where evidence notes already named exactly one accession.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

Explore across X-Mech: MediaIngredientMech (tobramycin) · CultureMech · NaturalProductMech · PathwayMech · TraitMech