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carbendazim

CHEBI:3392 ·resolve ·ANTIFUNGAL ·EXACT SEEDED

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables. — ChEBI

Machine-generated and unreviewed. Identity, structure and cross-references come straight from ChEBI's and CARD's own data; no curator has signed off on this record yet.

Classification

benzimidazole antifungalARO:3009317

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formulaC9H9N3O2
Charge0
Average mass191.19 Da
Monoisotopic mass191.06948 Da
SourceChEBI
InChIKeyTWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

COC(=O)Nc1nc2ccccc2n1

InChI

InChI=1S/C9H9N3O2/c1-14-9(13)12-8-10-6-4-2-3-5-7(6)11-8/h2-5H,1H3,(H2,10,11,12,13)

Also called

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Patents and articles

Documents about this compound. A patent covers a class and an article covers a topic; neither identifies a structure.

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
SourceNative IDLabelMinted CURIEVersion
ARO ARO:3009175 carbendazim antibioticmech:aro-1153d9776c 2026-08-30
CHEBI CHEBI:3392 carbendazim antibioticmech:chebi-9061c38815 2026-08-30

Resistance mechanisms

19 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

UNKNOWN 12
UNKNOWN
DeterminantARO IDOrganismGene familiesEvidence
Mfs2delta (deletion) associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review fungal-2026-carbendazim-reference-context: The source V592 label is retained; the paper names the parent Vd592 and separately compares derivatives. G2XFG4 and TaxID 498257 describe VdLs.17 / ATCC MYA-4575 / FGSC 10137 reference context, not that parent or an exact tested derivative. Growth-inhibition and zone observations are not converted to MIC. Source biological fields remain unchanged; exact subject protein, strain TaxID and genome remain unresolved. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:498257; protein_accession=UniProtKB:G2XFG4.		 — Verticillium dahliae NCBITaxon:27337
strain V592
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:42112916 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:11441; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
  • DOI:10.1128/spectrum.02761-25 (Identifier-scope review: Results sections s3-1 and s3-7: reference locus and separate tested groups; Figure 8, Parental identity in s2-1, UniProtKB release 2026_03: G2XFG4 entry 50, sequence version 1; VdLs.17 / ATCC MYA-4575 / FGSC 10137 reference taxonomy. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.)
Cell growth assay
TUB2(F167Y) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review li-1996-yeast-subject-group-context: The source W303-1A label denotes the parent background. Primary Results designate the tested group WL167Y; that designation covers two isolates and does not resolve a unique clone. UniProtKB:P02557 and TaxID 559292 identify the S288c reference, not the tested group. The retained YFL037W_mRNA is a reference-locus identifier, not an exact experimental allele. Species TaxID 4932 is retained. The paper reports IC50, not MIC; no activity measurement is added. Source alteration, phenotype and assay wording are unchanged; exact subject protein, strain TaxID and genome remain unresolved. Original source background label: W303-1A. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:559292; protein_accession=UniProtKB:P02557.		 — Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCBITaxon:4932
strain WL167Y YFL037W_mRNA
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:8641470 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:3596; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
  • DOI:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00334-1 (Identifier-scope review: Results 3.1-3.2, page 8: parent and tested-group identity, Table 1, page 9: separate parent and group columns, UniProtKB release 2026_03: P02557 entry 224, sequence version 2; reference locus and taxonomy. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.)
Cell growth assay
β2tub-E198K(E198K) (amino acid mutation) [Wild type product level] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism.		 — Fusarium graminearum NCBITaxon:5518
strain 2021 NCBITaxon:229533
UniProtKB:Q4HZS8 FGRAMPH1_01T26865
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:21077124 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:612; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
Cell growth assay
β2tub-E198Q(E198Q) (amino acid mutation) [Wild type product level] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism.		 — Fusarium graminearum NCBITaxon:5518
strain 2021 NCBITaxon:229533
UniProtKB:Q4HZS8 FGRAMPH1_01T26865
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:21077124 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:612; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
Cell growth assay
β2tub-F167Y(F167Y) (amino acid mutation) [Wild type product level] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism.		 — Fusarium graminearum NCBITaxon:5518
strain 2021 NCBITaxon:229533
UniProtKB:Q4HZS8 FGRAMPH1_01T26865
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:21077124 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:612; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
Cell growth assay
β2tub-F200Y(F200Y) (amino acid mutation) [Wild type product level] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism.		 — Fusarium graminearum NCBITaxon:5518
strain 2021 NCBITaxon:229533
UniProtKB:Q4HZS8 FGRAMPH1_01T26865
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:21077124 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:612; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
Cell growth assay
β2tub-Y50C(Y50C) (amino acid mutation) [Wild type product level] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism.		 — Fusarium graminearum NCBITaxon:5518
strain 2021 NCBITaxon:229533
UniProtKB:Q4HZS8 FGRAMPH1_01T26865
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:21077124 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:612; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
Cell growth assay
βTub transformant(F914-βTub(E198G)) (transformant) [Ectopic] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review fujimura-1992-neurospora-subject-context: The related primary paper distinguishes background 74-OR31-14a from F914/F914a and cites the original study. F914 follows the original publisher Summary. UniProt P05220 and strain TaxID 367110 describe the separate 74-OR23-1A reference, not the tested subject. Retained source gene_id EAA28433 is an EnsemblFungi transcript/protein cross-reference, not a verified experimental allele or gene-object assignment. Exact experimental protein, strain TaxID and genome remain unresolved. Original full-text review remains open; source alteration, phenotype, assay and mechanism are unchanged. Original source background label: 74-OR31-14a. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:367110; protein_accession=UniProtKB:P05220.		 — Neurospora crassa NCBITaxon:5141
strain F914 EAA28433
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:1388107 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:2858; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
  • DOI:10.1584/jpestics.17.4_237 (Identifier-scope review: Related primary paper: p. 238 Strains; p. 239 Figure 1; pp. 240-241 Results/Discussion; p. 242 reference 13; all six PDF pages visually inspected, Original PMID:1388107 publisher Summary identifies F914; original full article remains subscription-limited and was not fully reviewed, UniProtKB release 2026_03: P05220 entry 157, sequence version 2; tub-2/NCU04054; reference strain 74-OR23-1A, TaxID 367110; EAA28433 occupies EnsemblFungi transcript and protein fields, UniProt Taxonomy release 2026_03: 367110 is a reference strain under species 5141; metadata retrieved 2026-10-13, without NCBI requests. Reviewed 2026-10-13 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.)
Cell growth assay
βTub transformant(JT04-βTub(Q73R E198L)) (transformant) [Ectopic] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism.		 — Fusarium graminearum NCBITaxon:5518
strain 2021 NCBITaxon:229533
UniProtKB:Q4HZS8 FGRAMPH1_01T26865
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:19900007 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:612; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
Cell growth assay
βTub transformant(R9-βTub(F167Y)) (transformant) [Ectopic] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism.		 — Fusarium graminearum NCBITaxon:5518
strain 2021 NCBITaxon:229533
UniProtKB:Q4HZS8 FGRAMPH1_01T26865
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:19900007 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:612; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
Cell growth assay
βtub-Q134L(Q134L) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review xu-2019-sj51-subject-context: The tested subject is SJ51M, not parent SJ51. W7M0I3 and TaxID 334819 identify a different reference strain. The paper's FVER_09254 locus is not crosswalked to FVEG_05512 or an experimental accession. Source alteration and phenotype remain unchanged; EC50 is not MIC. No experimental protein, strain TaxID or genome is inferred. Original source background label: SJ51. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:334819; protein_accession=UniProtKB:W7M0I3.		 — Fusarium verticillioides NCBITaxon:117187
strain SJ51M
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:30732567 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:9015; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
  • DOI:10.1186/s12864-019-5479-6 (Identifier-scope review: Results Sec5 and Sec7; Figure 2 and Table 1 distinguish SJ51M from parent SJ51, UniProtKB release 2026_03: W7M0I3 entry 62, sequence version 1; FVEG_05512 in M3125 / FGSC 7600, TaxID 334819. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.)
Cell growth assay
βtub-T351I(T351I) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to carbendazim
This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review xu-2019-hc30-subject-species-context: Primary evidence identifies HC30M in F. proliferatum, not the source F. fujikuroi assignment or parent HC30. P53374 belongs to the conflicting source species and is rejected for this subject. Species identity is grounded through UniProt Taxonomy; no exact experimental protein or genome is assigned. Source alteration and phenotype remain unchanged; EC50 is not MIC. Original source background label: HC30. Original source organism label: Fusarium fujikuroi. Rejected misassigned source identifiers: taxon_id=NCBITaxon:5127; protein_accession=UniProtKB:P53374.		 — Fusarium proliferatum NCBITaxon:948311
strain HC30M
PHIPO:0000383		 —
  • PMID:30732567 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:2162; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.)
  • DOI:10.1186/s12864-019-5479-6 (Identifier-scope review: Abstract identifies HC30M as Fusarium proliferatum; Results Sec5 and Figure 2 distinguish it from parent HC30, UniProt Taxonomy 948311, active species Gibberella intermedia with synonym Fusarium proliferatum; response SHA-256 8c5698dda6b5f2f63be203d30cfec6c411cd7e206e46ee871a9c4870a4fef1f8, UniProtKB release 2026_03: P53374 entry 110, sequence version 1, F. fujikuroi TaxID 5127, strain comment A 102; not the reported species or subject. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.)
Cell growth assay
ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION 7
ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION
DeterminantARO IDOrganismGene familiesEvidence
Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to carbendazim ARO:3009544 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3009544 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3009175 (carbendazim); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Aspergillus fumigatus beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to carbendazim ARO:3009476 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3009476 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3009175 (carbendazim); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Botrytis cinerea beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance against carbendazim ARO:3009320 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3009320 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3009175 (carbendazim); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance against carbendazim ARO:3009470 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3009470 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3009175 (carbendazim); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Colletotrichum siamense beta tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to carbendazim ARO:3009474 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3009474 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3009175 (carbendazim); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Colletotrichum truncatum beta tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to carbendazim ARO:3009475 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3009475 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3009175 (carbendazim); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Zymoseptoria tritici Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to carbendazim ARO:3009405 not organism-specific —
  • ARO:3009405 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3009175 (carbendazim); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Curation history

  1. SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

    Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)

  2. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  3. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  4. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-02 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  5. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-03 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  6. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-03 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  7. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-10 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories

  8. RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-10-08 · seed_from_sources

    Re-seeded; changed: resistance_mechanisms (PHIBASE 62e6a87a49397cba6ceb211b254d7ac8e5d09ff8). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.

  9. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Resolved the reported yeast subject-group label, preserving its parent background; withheld S288c reference protein and strain TaxID from subject identity. Group is not a uniquely resolved clone; source phenotype and alteration unchanged.

  10. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after twelve reference-scope corrections; biological fields, activities and prior decisions unchanged.

  11. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after nine identifier-scope corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  12. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Scoped source protein and reference-strain identifiers to provenance after primary-paper review; parent labels, source biological claims and gene IDs retained. No experimental allele, genome or activity measurement inferred.

  13. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after eight subject-identity corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  14. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Darlington subject correction; prior review decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  15. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Nakayama reference-scope review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  16. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Duan reference-scope review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  17. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Piotrowska parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  18. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Corrected tested subject labels and the HC30 species context from primary evidence; preserved parent labels and source reference identifiers in provenance. Allele wording, phenotype and activities unchanged; no experimental protein inferred.

  19. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Shima parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  20. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Mehrabi parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  21. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Huang parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  22. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the HDF1 subject-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  23. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Fouche parent-cohort review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  24. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_REFERENCE_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the SDH8 reference-alias correction; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  25. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after the Posteraro subject-context review; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  26. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_REFERENCE_CONTEXT 2026-10-12 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after four reference-identifier scope corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

  27. REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-13 · codex · LLM-assisted

    Separated the Neurospora experimental subject from its source background label and reference-only protein/strain identifiers. Preserved source locus wording, alteration, phenotype, assay and mechanism; exact experimental accessions remain unresolved.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

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