caspofungin

CHEBI:474180 ·resolve ·ANTIFUNGAL ·EXACT SEEDED

A semisynthetic cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-β-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. — ChEBI

Machine-generated and unreviewed. Identity, structure and cross-references come straight from ChEBI's and CARD's own data; no curator has signed off on this record yet.

Classification

echinocandin antibioticARO:3007496

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

Label unavailable CHEBI:24613
echinocandin CHEBI:57248
Label unavailable CHEBI:72588
antibiotic antifungal drug CHEBI:87113
echinocandin antibiotic ARO:3007496

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formula	C52H88N10O15
Charge	0
Average mass	1093.331 Da
Monoisotopic mass	1092.64306 Da
Source	ChEBI
InChIKey	JYIKNQVWKBUSNH-WVDDFWQHSA-N

SMILES

[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](O)CN1C(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@@]([H])(NC(=O)CCCCCCCC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](NCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)CCN1C(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)CCN)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)c1ccc(O)cc1)NC2=O

InChI

InChI=1S/C52H88N10O15/c1-5-28(2)24-29(3)12-10-8-6-7-9-11-13-39(69)56-34-26-38(68)46(55-22-21-54)60-50(75)43-37(67)19-23-61(43)52(77)41(36(66)18-20-53)58-49(74)42(45(71)44(70)31-14-16-32(64)17-15-31)59-48(73)35-25-33(65)27-62(35)51(76)40(30(4)63)57-47(34)72/h14-17,28-30,33-38,40-46,55,63-68,70-71H,5-13,18-27,53-54H2,1-4H3,(H,56,69)(H,57,72)(H,58,74)(H,59,73)(H,60,75)/t28-,29+,30+,33+,34-,35-,36+,37-,38+,40-,41-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-/m0/s1

Also called

(10R,12S)-N-{(2R,6S,9S,11R,12S,14aS,15S,20S,23S,25aS)-12-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-20-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-23-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,11,15-trihydroxy-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5,8,14,19,22,25-hexaoxotetracosahydro-1H-dipyrrolo[2,1-c:2',1'-l][1,4,7,10,13,16]hexaazacyclohenicosin-9-yl}-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(4R,5S)-5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)-N2-(10,12-dimethyltetradecanoyl)-4-hydroxy-L-ornithyl-L-threonyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-(S)-4-hydroxy-4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-L-threonyl-threo-3-hydroxy-L-ornithyl-trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline cyclic (6-1)-peptide (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
1-[(4R,5S)-5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-N2-(10,12-dimethyl-1-oxotetradecyl)-4-hydroxy-L-ornithine]-5-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-ornithine]-pneumocandin B0 (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Caspofungin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Drug registries

Identifiers that name a drug rather than a structure. One of these can cover a parent compound, its salts and its stereoisomers, which this corpus keeps as separate records, so it is not an equivalence of structure.

Patents and articles

Documents about this compound. A patent covers a class and an article covers a topic; neither identifies a structure.

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

antifungal agent CHEBI:35718
antifungal drug CHEBI:86327

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
Source	Native ID	Label	Minted CURIE	Version
ARO	`ARO:3007501`	caspofungin	`antibioticmech:aro-ef25488e10`	2026-08-30
CHEBI	`CHEBI:474180`	caspofungin	`antibioticmech:chebi-0abd2ece56`	2026-08-30

Mechanism summary

Mode of action: CELL_WALL_SYNTHESIS_INHIBITION microbial target — Assigned from ChEBI role CHEBI:230471 (EC 2.4.1.34 (1,3-β-glucan synthase) inhibitor). ChEBI asserts the role on the compound. The role names a target specific to the microbe or virus — see mode_of_action_target_scope. Not a curator's mechanistic review.

Resistance mechanisms

33 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION 18

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009557	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009557 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida albicans FKS1 with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009416	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009416 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida auris ADE17 with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009329	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009329 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida auris ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance against caspofungin	ARO:3009395	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009395 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida auris FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009420	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009420 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida dubliniensis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009592	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009592 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida glabrata FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009231	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009231 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida glabrata FKS2 with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009208	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009208 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida metapsilosis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009595	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009595 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida parapsilosis FSK1 beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009598	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009598 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida tropicalis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009601	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009601 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Clavispora lusitaniae FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009603	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009603 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Kluyveromyces marxianus FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009605	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009605 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Nakaseomyces glabratus Cdc6 with mutations conferring resistance against caspofungin	ARO:3009390	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009390 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Nakaseomyces glabratus MRPL11 mutations with resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009372	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009372 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Pichia kudriavzevii Fks1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009607	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009607 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae FKS1 beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009609	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009609 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
antifungal resistance-associated MSH	ARO:3009134	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009134 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

UNKNOWN 14

UNKNOWN
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Candida albicans AIF1 with mutations conferring resistance against caspofungin	ARO:3009378	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009378 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Candida spp. High Osmolarity Glycerol 1 conferring resistance to caspofungin via absence	ARO:3007664	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007664 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
FKS1 transformant(CAI4-R1-FKS1(S645P)) (transformant) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review park-2005-parent-and-compound-context: CAI4 and T1FOA are parent or recipient backgrounds, not unique later tested derivatives. A0A1D8PCT0 and TaxID 237561 identify SC5314 reference context. Table 4 reports L-733560, not caspofungin; the T1FOA-associated compound interpretation remains unresolved. This identity review does not validate that source phenotype. Biological fields remain unchanged; no new measurement or experimental allele is assigned. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:A0A1D8PCT0.	—	Candida albicans `NCBITaxon:5476` strain T1FOA `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:16048935 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:1428; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.49.8.3264-3273.2005 (Identifier-scope review: Results and Tables 1, 3 and 4: parental backgrounds versus separately tested derivatives, Table 4 footnote a: L-733560 is distinct from the caspofungin endpoint in Table 3, UniProtKB release 2026_03: A0A1D8PCT0 entry 36, sequence version 1; SC5314 reference taxonomy. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
FKS1(F641S) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review balashov-2006-reference-context: The strain label denotes a parent background, not an individually resolved resistant derivative. Imported protein/strain identifiers are reference-only. AF027295 / AAC49870.1 maps explicitly to UniProtKB:O13383 (CaFKS1; CAI4 reference), not an experimental allele. Source notation remains unnormalized; aggregated zygosity and grouped MICs must not be assigned to individual isolates. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:A0A1D8PCT0.	—	Candida albicans `NCBITaxon:5476` strain M70 `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:16723566 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:1428; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.01653-05 (Identifier-scope review: Results: resistant derivatives and cross-resistance, Table 3, Declared FKS1 reference accessions, UniProtKB release 2026_03: O13383 entry 50, sequence version 1; A0A1D8PCT0 entry 36, sequence version 1. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
FKS1(L644F S645C) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review balashov-2006-reference-context: The strain label denotes a parent background, not an individually resolved resistant derivative. Imported protein/strain identifiers are reference-only. AF027295 / AAC49870.1 maps explicitly to UniProtKB:O13383 (CaFKS1; CAI4 reference), not an experimental allele. Source notation remains unnormalized; aggregated zygosity and grouped MICs must not be assigned to individual isolates. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:A0A1D8PCT0.	—	Candida albicans `NCBITaxon:5476` strain M70 `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:16723566 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:1428; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.01653-05 (Identifier-scope review: Results: resistant derivatives and cross-resistance, Table 3, Declared FKS1 reference accessions, UniProtKB release 2026_03: O13383 entry 50, sequence version 1; A0A1D8PCT0 entry 36, sequence version 1. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
FKS1(P647A) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review garcia-effron-2008-subject-context: BY4742-P649A is the derivative label printed in Table 1, whereas Results and the imported alteration use P647A. This discrepancy is preserved, not normalized. UniProtKB:P38631 / AAC48981.1 and the retained gene_id ground the reference FKS1 locus, not a verified derivative sequence. Reference strain identity, native Candida observations, whole-cell MICs and enzyme inhibition remain distinct. Original source background label: BY4742. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:559292; protein_accession=UniProtKB:P38631.	—	Saccharomyces cerevisiae `NCBITaxon:4932` strain BY4742-P649A YLR342W_mRNA `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:18443110 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:2386; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.00262-08 (Identifier-scope review: Table 1: parent and derivative rows, Results: Saccharomyces comparison, Figure 1: AAC48981 reference, UniProtKB release 2026_03: P38631 entry 209, sequence version 2; EnsemblFungi cross-reference. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
FKS1(S645F) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review balashov-2006-reference-context: The strain label denotes a parent background, not an individually resolved resistant derivative. Imported protein/strain identifiers are reference-only. AF027295 / AAC49870.1 maps explicitly to UniProtKB:O13383 (CaFKS1; CAI4 reference), not an experimental allele. Source notation remains unnormalized; aggregated zygosity and grouped MICs must not be assigned to individual isolates. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:A0A1D8PCT0.	—	Candida albicans `NCBITaxon:5476` strain M70 `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:16723566 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:1428; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.01653-05 (Identifier-scope review: Results: resistant derivatives and cross-resistance, Table 3, Declared FKS1 reference accessions, UniProtKB release 2026_03: O13383 entry 50, sequence version 1; A0A1D8PCT0 entry 36, sequence version 1. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
FKS1(S645F) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review balashov-2006-reference-context: The strain label denotes a parent background, not an individually resolved resistant derivative. Imported protein/strain identifiers are reference-only. AF027295 / AAC49870.1 maps explicitly to UniProtKB:O13383 (CaFKS1; CAI4 reference), not an experimental allele. Source notation remains unnormalized; aggregated zygosity and grouped MICs must not be assigned to individual isolates. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:A0A1D8PCT0.	—	Candida albicans `NCBITaxon:5476` strain SC5314 `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:16723566 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:1428; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.01653-05 (Identifier-scope review: Results: resistant derivatives and cross-resistance, Table 3, Declared FKS1 reference accessions, UniProtKB release 2026_03: O13383 entry 50, sequence version 1; A0A1D8PCT0 entry 36, sequence version 1. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
FKS1(S645P) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review balashov-2006-reference-context: The strain label denotes a parent background, not an individually resolved resistant derivative. Imported protein/strain identifiers are reference-only. AF027295 / AAC49870.1 maps explicitly to UniProtKB:O13383 (CaFKS1; CAI4 reference), not an experimental allele. Source notation remains unnormalized; aggregated zygosity and grouped MICs must not be assigned to individual isolates. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:A0A1D8PCT0.	—	Candida albicans `NCBITaxon:5476` strain M70 `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:16723566 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:1428; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.01653-05 (Identifier-scope review: Results: resistant derivatives and cross-resistance, Table 3, Declared FKS1 reference accessions, UniProtKB release 2026_03: O13383 entry 50, sequence version 1; A0A1D8PCT0 entry 36, sequence version 1. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
FKS1(S645P) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review balashov-2006-reference-context: The strain label denotes a parent background, not an individually resolved resistant derivative. Imported protein/strain identifiers are reference-only. AF027295 / AAC49870.1 maps explicitly to UniProtKB:O13383 (CaFKS1; CAI4 reference), not an experimental allele. Source notation remains unnormalized; aggregated zygosity and grouped MICs must not be assigned to individual isolates. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:A0A1D8PCT0.	—	Candida albicans `NCBITaxon:5476` strain SC5314 `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:16723566 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:1428; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.01653-05 (Identifier-scope review: Results: resistant derivatives and cross-resistance, Table 3, Declared FKS1 reference accessions, UniProtKB release 2026_03: O13383 entry 50, sequence version 1; A0A1D8PCT0 entry 36, sequence version 1. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
FKS1(S645Y) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review balashov-2006-reference-context: The strain label denotes a parent background, not an individually resolved resistant derivative. Imported protein/strain identifiers are reference-only. AF027295 / AAC49870.1 maps explicitly to UniProtKB:O13383 (CaFKS1; CAI4 reference), not an experimental allele. Source notation remains unnormalized; aggregated zygosity and grouped MICs must not be assigned to individual isolates. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:A0A1D8PCT0.	—	Candida albicans `NCBITaxon:5476` strain M70 `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:16723566 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:1428; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.01653-05 (Identifier-scope review: Results: resistant derivatives and cross-resistance, Table 3, Declared FKS1 reference accessions, UniProtKB release 2026_03: O13383 entry 50, sequence version 1; A0A1D8PCT0 entry 36, sequence version 1. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
FKS1(S645Y) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review balashov-2006-reference-context: The strain label denotes a parent background, not an individually resolved resistant derivative. Imported protein/strain identifiers are reference-only. AF027295 / AAC49870.1 maps explicitly to UniProtKB:O13383 (CaFKS1; CAI4 reference), not an experimental allele. Source notation remains unnormalized; aggregated zygosity and grouped MICs must not be assigned to individual isolates. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:A0A1D8PCT0.	—	Candida albicans `NCBITaxon:5476` strain SC5314 `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:16723566 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:1428; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.01653-05 (Identifier-scope review: Results: resistant derivatives and cross-resistance, Table 3, Declared FKS1 reference accessions, UniProtKB release 2026_03: O13383 entry 50, sequence version 1; A0A1D8PCT0 entry 36, sequence version 1. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
FKS1-S645P(S645P) (amino acid mutation) [Not assayed] associated with resistance to caspofungin This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review park-2005-parent-and-compound-context: CAI4 and T1FOA are parent or recipient backgrounds, not unique later tested derivatives. A0A1D8PCT0 and TaxID 237561 identify SC5314 reference context. Table 4 reports L-733560, not caspofungin; the T1FOA-associated compound interpretation remains unresolved. This identity review does not validate that source phenotype. Biological fields remain unchanged; no new measurement or experimental allele is assigned. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:237561; protein_accession=UniProtKB:A0A1D8PCT0.	—	Candida albicans `NCBITaxon:5476` strain CAI4 `PHIPO:0000686`	—	PMID:16048935 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:1428; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1128/aac.49.8.3264-3273.2005 (Identifier-scope review: Results and Tables 1, 3 and 4: parental backgrounds versus separately tested derivatives, Table 4 footnote a: L-733560 is distinct from the caspofungin endpoint in Table 3, UniProtKB release 2026_03: A0A1D8PCT0 entry 36, sequence version 1; SC5314 reference taxonomy. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
Saccharomyces cerevasiae AIF1 with mutations conferring resistance against caspofungin	ARO:3009380	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009380 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX 1

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Candida albicans CDR2 with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin	ARO:3009445	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3009445 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3007501 (caspofungin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Curation history

SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-02 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-02 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-03 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-03 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-10 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_IDENTIFIER_SCOPE 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Scoped eight PHI-base FKS1 associations to parent-background context, withheld reference protein/strain IDs as experimental-subject identifiers, and retained the explicit AF027295-to-UniProtKB:O13383 reference crosswalk. Alleles, phenotypes, species, and mechanism unchanged; no isolate MIC inferred.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Applied 1 pinned subject-context reviews, retaining reference-locus grounding while withholding unverified experimental protein/strain identifiers. Source alterations, phenotypes, species, genes, and existing activities unchanged. Refreshed provenance checksums on any previously reviewed claims. Resolved the FKS1 table's derivative label with its explicit numbering discrepancy.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after Eddouzi subject reviews; all biological fields and prior decisions unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after Rybak reference-context reviews; all biological fields and previous decisions unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after carboxin reference-context reviews; all biological fields, activities and previous decisions unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after two additional carboxin identifier-scope corrections; all biological fields, activities and previous decisions unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after eleven additional identifier-scope corrections; biological fields, activities and decisions unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after seventeen additional identifier-scope corrections; biological fields, activities and decisions unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after one yeast identity-scope correction; biological fields, activities and prior decisions unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the whole-file PHI-base review checksum after twelve reference-scope corrections; biological fields, activities and prior decisions unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Scoped source protein and reference-strain identifiers to provenance, not exact experimental subjects, after primary-paper review. Parent labels and source biological fields preserved; no new allele, measurement or genome inferred.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after six identifier-scope corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after eight subject-identity corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Darlington subject correction; prior review decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Nakayama reference-scope review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Duan reference-scope review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Piotrowska parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Xu subject and species corrections; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Shima parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Mehrabi parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Huang parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the HDF1 subject-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Fouche parent-cohort review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_REFERENCE_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the SDH8 reference-alias correction; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after the Posteraro subject-context review; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_REFERENCE_CONTEXT 2026-10-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after four reference-identifier scope corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-13 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after one Neurospora subject-context correction; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

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