hydrogen peroxide

CHEBI:16240 ·resolve ·BIOCIDE ·EXACT SEEDED

An inorganic peroxide consisting of two hydroxy groups joined by a covalent oxygen-oxygen single bond. — ChEBI

Machine-generated and unreviewed. Identity, structure and cross-references come straight from ChEBI's and CARD's own data; no curator has signed off on this record yet.

Classification

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

Label unavailable CHEBI:24837
Label unavailable CHEBI:26523

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formula	H2O2
Charge	0
Average mass	34.014 Da
Monoisotopic mass	34.00548 Da
Source	ChEBI
InChIKey	MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

[H]OO[H]

InChI

InChI=1S/H2O2/c1-2/h1-2H

Also called

bis(hydridooxygen)(O—O) (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
dihydrogen peroxide (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
dihydrogen(peroxide) (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
dioxidane (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
H2O2 (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
HOOH (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Hydrogen peroxide (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Oxydol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
[OH(OH)] (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
dihydrogen dioxide (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
perhydrol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Drug registries

Identifiers that name a drug rather than a structure. One of these can cover a parent compound, its salts and its stereoisomers, which this corpus keeps as separate records, so it is not an equivalence of structure.

Patents and articles

Documents about this compound. A patent covers a class and an article covers a topic; neither identifies a structure.

wikipedia.en:Hydrogen_peroxide

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

antimicrobial agent CHEBI:33281
disinfectant CHEBI:48219

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
Source	Native ID	Label	Minted CURIE	Version
CHEBI	`CHEBI:16240`	hydrogen peroxide	`antibioticmech:chebi-b4cb37a12a`	2026-08-30

Mechanism summary

Clinical status: APPROVED

Resistance mechanisms

6 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

UNKNOWN 6

UNKNOWN
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
ATG9delta (deletion) associated with resistance to hydrogen peroxide This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review fungal-2018-parent-reference-context: PH-1 is the parental background, not a unique tested derivative. I1S9X9, the retained source gene_id and TaxID 229533 describe PH-1 reference context. The paper locus and current reference-locus names are not an independently established exact allele crosswalk. The EMBL ALT_SEQ flag in UniProt does not identify the experimental alteration. Source biological fields are unchanged; growth-inhibition comparisons are not MIC or clinical resistance categories. Exact subject protein, strain TaxID and genome remain unresolved. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:229533; protein_accession=UniProtKB:I1S9X9.	—	Fusarium graminearum `NCBITaxon:5518` strain PH-1 FGRAMPH1_01T26133 `PHIPO:0000632`	—	PMID:30044782 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:264; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007546 (Identifier-scope review: Results sections sec005 and sec011: parent versus tested derivatives; Figure 8, UniProtKB release 2026_03: I1S9X9 entry 57, sequence version 1; PH-1 reference locus and taxonomy. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
Des1delta (deletion) associated with resistance to hydrogen peroxide This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism.	—	Magnaporthe oryzae `NCBITaxon:318829` strain Guy11 `NCBITaxon:242507` `UniProtKB:G4N021` `PHIPO:0000632`	—	PMID:38056173 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:10915; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) Cell growth assay
Hdf1delta (deletion) associated with resistance to hydrogen peroxide This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review li-2011-hdf1-subject-context: Primary evidence identifies YM1 as the tested subject, distinct from parent PH-1 and comparator YM11. I1RCN2 and TaxID 229533 describe PH-1 reference context, not YM1. The paper's FGSG_01353 and UniProt's FGRAMPH1_01T03337 are not asserted equivalent without an authoritative alias crosswalk. The empty source gene_id remains empty. Source alteration, phenotype and assay are unchanged; the growth comparison is not an MIC or clinical resistance category. No exact experimental accession, genome or numeric measurement is inferred. Original source background label: PH-1. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:229533; protein_accession=UniProtKB:I1RCN2.	—	Fusarium graminearum `NCBITaxon:5518` strain YM1 `PHIPO:0000632`	—	PMID:21138346 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:8901; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1094/MPMI-10-10-0233 (Identifier-scope review: Author-affiliated USDA archived published PDF: p. 488 Results distinguishes YM1 from parent PH-1; p. 489 Table 1 lists subjects; p. 492 Figure 9C and caption identify YM1, parent PH-1 and separate complemented comparator YM11; pages visually inspected, UniProtKB release 2026_03: I1RCN2 entry 85, sequence version 1; PH-1 reference locus FGRAMPH1_01T03337; TaxID 229533 under species 5518; paper locus FGSG_01353 alias remains unresolved. Reviewed 2026-10-09 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
Ndk1delta (deletion) associated with resistance to hydrogen peroxide This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism. Grounding review fungal-2025-peroxide-parent-context: PH-1 is the parental background, not a unique tested derivative. I1RPK0 and TaxID 229533 describe PH-1 reference context; that lineage does not establish exact experimental subject identity. The reported growth-inhibition comparison is not an MIC or clinical resistance classification. Source biological fields remain unchanged; no new measurement, allele or genome is assigned, and exact subject protein and strain TaxID remain unresolved. Reference-only source identifiers: strain_taxon_id=NCBITaxon:229533; protein_accession=UniProtKB:I1RPK0.	—	Fusarium graminearum `NCBITaxon:5518` strain PH-1 `PHIPO:0000632`	—	PMID:41277790 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:10429; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) DOI:10.1111/mpp.70174 (Identifier-scope review: Results section mpp70174-sec-0009: parent and separate derivative comparisons; Figure 5a-b, Strain identity in mpp70174-sec-0014, UniProtKB release 2026_03: I1RPK0 entry 74, sequence version 1; PH-1 reference taxonomy. Reviewed 2026-10-08 by codex; curation/phibase_grounding_reviews.json SHA-256 1f5d50346b2916fce10969afa8d6409ea836dd15e8cf7fe3cfa3a78d6289b4ed.) Cell growth assay
OS-2delta (deletion) associated with resistance to hydrogen peroxide This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism.	—	Fusarium graminearum `NCBITaxon:5518` strain PH-1 `NCBITaxon:229533` `UniProtKB:P0C431` FGRAMPH1_01T26671 `PHIPO:0000632`	—	PMID:22591226 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:7590; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) Cell growth assay
Ppe44+ (wild type) [Overexpression] associated with resistance to hydrogen peroxide This is a curated gene-alteration/chemical resistance association, not evidence for a specific biochemical resistance mechanism.	—	Mycobacterium tuberculosis `NCBITaxon:1773` strain H37Rv `NCBITaxon:83332` `UniProtKB:P9WHZ3` `PHIPO:0000632`	—	PMID:28743081 (PHI-base primary-literature antimicrobial interaction PHIG:11310; joined to this record by exact ChEBI identifier.) Macroscopic observation (quantitative observation)

Curation history

SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (CHEBI)
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-02 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-03 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-03 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-10 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Scoped source protein and reference-strain identifiers to provenance after primary-paper review; parent labels, source biological claims and gene IDs retained. No experimental allele, genome or activity measurement inferred.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after eight subject-identity corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Darlington subject correction; prior review decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Nakayama reference-scope review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Duan reference-scope review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Piotrowska parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Xu subject and species corrections; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Shima parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Mehrabi parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-08 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Huang parent-reference review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted
Corrected the tested subject from PH-1 parent to YM1 after primary identity review. Reference protein and strain TaxID moved to provenance; source biology preserved, historical locus alias and experimental accessions unresolved.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the Fouche parent-cohort review; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_REFERENCE_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed shared PHI-base review checksum after the SDH8 reference-alias correction; prior decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-09 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after the Posteraro subject-context review; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_REFERENCE_CONTEXT 2026-10-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after four reference-identifier scope corrections; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.
REVIEWED_RESISTANCE_SUBJECT_CONTEXT 2026-10-13 · codex · LLM-assisted
Refreshed the shared PHI-base review checksum after one Neurospora subject-context correction; previous decisions, biological fields and activities unchanged.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

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