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Biotite mica series mineral group

Biotite denotes a compositional series of trioctahedral micas in or near the field between the annite-phlogopite and siderophyllite-eastonite joins in the IMA-approved mica nomenclature of Rieder et al. (1998). It is represented here as a mineral group, not an individual mineral species. The IMA's 2019 compendium reproduces Whitney and Evans (2010), which labels biotite as GROUP. No constituent criticality designation is inherited. The experimental feed below is author-designated biotite; its bulk oxide composition does not establish a particular member species or quantitative phase purity.

Microbial & Biochemical Mechanisms (1)

C4-10 culture-associated dissolution of a biotite feed

bioleaching Microbial

Associated Organisms: Priestia aryabhattai (NCBITaxon:412384)

Priestia aryabhattai C4-10 cultures increased measured Fe and Si in biotite-containing medium relative to uninoculated feed controls. Acidification, organic-acid production and mineral-associated cells accompany the dissolution phenotype; their individual causal contributions and the necessity of particular genes are unresolved.

Experimental Context & Analytical Limits:
C4-10 is a living soil isolate grown in LB at 37 degrees C and 180 rpm for 16 hours, harvested, washed and resuspended in sterile distilled water at 10^8 cells/mL. Triplicate laboratory dissolution flasks contained 60 mL sterilized BHm, 0.6 g biotite and 1.5 mL suspension, incubated at 37 degrees C and 180 rpm and sampled at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36 and 48 hours. BHm was prepared at pH 7.0 with 2 g/L glucose; the biotite particles were 75-150 micrometres and reported to contain 39.90% SiO2, 14.75% Fe2O3 and 13.69% MgO. Mineral cleaning refers to an earlier protocol without restating its steps. Fe and Si were measured by ICP-OES and described as dissolved, but separation of these elemental aliquots is not specified in the inspected main and supplemental methods. The separate transcriptome experiment used 0.5 mL inoculum and an 8-hour endpoint; it is not the same assay as the dissolution time course. Lizardite substitution and its MgSO4-free medium are covered by the separate lizardite record.
Curated Evidence Points:
Results and Figure 1A show the Fe increase over the 4-48-hour biotite time course and elevated Si relative to uninoculated controls from 12 to 48 hours. Figure 1B shows culture acidification relative to controls, and Figure 1E shows stained mineral-associated cells after 24 hours. Figure 1 reports n=3 with one-standard-deviation error bars. These support the conditional culture-associated mobilization claim, without establishing a recovered product.
No pH-matched abiotic assay separates acid dissolution from other cellular effects. Figure 1D and the main text call the early 1.7-7.6% CAS siderophore-unit values detectable, whereas supplementary p2 classifies values below 10% as negative; later biotite time points are reported as nondetections. A positive siderophore mechanism is therefore not assigned. Gene-expression correlations are not functional tests, as the Discussion acknowledges. Cell-associated Fe digestion and surface fluorescence do not demonstrate intracellular uptake. Feed member-species identity, phase purity, fraction-specific mass balance, isolated-metal recovery and industrial deployment remain unestablished.

Sources & References

  1. rieder_1998: Rieder et al. (1998). Nomenclature of the Micas. Clays and Clay Minerals 46(5):586-595. DOI 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460513; p586 Commission approval, p589 Table 4 and Series Names and Lists of Invalid Names.
    https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460513 (accessed 2026-10-11)
  2. ima_compendium_2019: Schertl, Mills and Maresch, editors (2019 copyright). A Compendium of IMA-Approved Mineral Nomenclature, prepared for IMA2018. PDF pp33-35 reproduce Whitney and Evans (2010), Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals, DOI 10.2138/am.2010.3371; Table 1 biotite GROUP row on PDF p34 and GROUP definition on PDF p35. Historical nomenclature source, not a 2019 revision of the 2010 table.
    https://cnmnc.units.it/ima_reports/2%20IMA-Nomenclature-e-Booklet-2019-1.pdf (accessed 2026-10-11)
  3. sheng_2026: Sheng, Zheng, Yang, Dong, He and Sheng (2026). Silicate minerals enhance the expression of genes related to mineral dissolution by Priestia aryabhattai strain C4-10. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 92(2):e02554-25. DOI 10.1128/aem.02554-25; Figure 1, dissolution and transcriptome methods, Discussion, and supplementary methods pp1-2.
    https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02554-25 (accessed 2026-10-11)
  4. ncbi_priestia: NCBI Taxonomy 412384, Priestia aryabhattai, species; live browser and retained taxonomy XML inspected 11 October 2026.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=412384&mode=Info (accessed 2026-10-11)
  5. ncbi_c4_10: NCBI assembly GCA_039631325.1, Priestia aryabhattai strain C4-10, with linked soil BioSample SAMN41260351; dataset report acquired in round16 and reinspected 11 October 2026.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/genome/GCA_039631325.1/ (accessed 2026-10-11)

Curation History

Timestamp Curator Action Summary
2026-10-11T10:49:53.712870+00:00 codex (GPT-6; codex) CREATE Created biotite mica-series mineral-group record with primary culture-associated dissolution evidence and explicit source limitations.

Record source: data/records/biotite.yaml