Fish-bone residues secondary resource
Phosphorus-bearing fish-bone residues investigated as a secondary feed for nutrient reuse, represented by fish bones of unspecified species and supply provenance ground and sieved to below 1 mm in the selected laboratory studies. The organic-mineral feed is distinct from elemental phosphorus, purified hydroxyapatite, phosphate rock, manure and bone-incineration ash. The inspected methods do not establish a cooking or industrial processing history for this fish-bone feed. Material composition and treatment effects remain specimen-specific; no constituent criticality designation is inherited.
Microbial & Biochemical Mechanisms (2)
Culture-associated phosphorus elution from bone-amended soil columns
bioleaching
Microbial
Associated Organisms:
Priestia megaterium (NCBITaxon:1404)
Bacillus megaterium PCM 1855, currently named Priestia megaterium, was associated with greater reported phosphorus elution from soil columns amended with 5% or 10% fish-bone material. The 1% arm showed no clear bacterial advantage in the source interpretation. Inoculum also supplied phosphorus and nutrients, so treatment-associated elution is not an isolated microbial contribution or a fish-bone-specific recovery yield.
Experimental Context & Analytical Limits:
The source describes 30 mL glass columns containing 10 g total soil and ground bone feed, at nominal 1%, 5% or 10% bone by mass. Inoculated columns received 10 mL logarithmic-phase culture; uninoculated comparators received 10 mL distilled water. Table 1 assigns an additional 6.08 mg P2O5-equivalent phosphorus to the bacterial suspension and also counts phosphorus already present in soil. The culture medium contained glucose, ammonium sulfate, NaCl, MgSO4, KCl, MnSO4, FeSO4 and yeast extract. Inoculum preparation was at 34 degrees C and 120 rpm; these are not verified column-incubation conditions. Water was applied from above, with four nominal 3 mL eluent collections per day, followed by paper filtration and colorimetric vanadophosphomolybdate assay expressed as P2O5. The tenfold-medium follow-up was performed on poultry bones, not fish bones. Methods state 28 days, whereas Figures 2-3 and crossing-time discussions use minutes; exact elapsed time and rates are unresolved. Soil provenance, sterilization, column temperature and independent biological replication are not specified. No sterile-medium-matched or pH-matched control is described.
The source describes 30 mL glass columns containing 10 g total soil and ground bone feed, at nominal 1%, 5% or 10% bone by mass. Inoculated columns received 10 mL logarithmic-phase culture; uninoculated comparators received 10 mL distilled water. Table 1 assigns an additional 6.08 mg P2O5-equivalent phosphorus to the bacterial suspension and also counts phosphorus already present in soil. The culture medium contained glucose, ammonium sulfate, NaCl, MgSO4, KCl, MnSO4, FeSO4 and yeast extract. Inoculum preparation was at 34 degrees C and 120 rpm; these are not verified column-incubation conditions. Water was applied from above, with four nominal 3 mL eluent collections per day, followed by paper filtration and colorimetric vanadophosphomolybdate assay expressed as P2O5. The tenfold-medium follow-up was performed on poultry bones, not fish bones. Methods state 28 days, whereas Figures 2-3 and crossing-time discussions use minutes; exact elapsed time and rates are unresolved. Soil provenance, sterilization, column temperature and independent biological replication are not specified. No sterile-medium-matched or pH-matched control is described.
Curated Evidence Points:
Sections 2.1-2.4 and 3.1, Tables 1-2 and Figure 2B establish the feed and reported elution comparison. At nominal 10% fish bone, Figure 2B and Table 2 report 37.05 versus 17.3 mg P2O5-equivalent phosphorus removed in inoculated and uninoculated arms; the figure establishes the amount unit omitted from Table 2. The 5% comparison is also higher in the inoculated arm. These are total-column elution amounts, not isolated product masses or phosphorus attributable solely to bone.
Section 3.1 explicitly interprets the parallel 1% fish-bone curves as a lack of bacterial effect, despite later calling this arm the best on the basis of a reported 99.9% solubilization factor. Table 1 gives unequal initial phosphorus inventories and contains fish-feed mass and phosphorus-entry inconsistencies. The source does not resolve phosphate from soil, inoculum and bone separately. The reported solubilization percentages and curve-crossing times are not adopted as recovery yields or rates. Soil sterility is not established by describing the comparator as without bacteria. The empirical pH model does not identify a particular organic acid or demonstrate an exclusive molecular mechanism.
The 28-day Methods description conflicts with the minute axes of Figures 2-3. Replicate counts, raw replicate data and a complete sampling/mass-balance calculation are unavailable in the inspected article. Table 3 gives several dose-slope p-values above 0.05 despite broad significance wording, and Table 4 labels some fitted maxima below its minima. No universal statistically demonstrated dose effect, fitted kinetic constant, agricultural efficacy, fertilizer safety or industrial deployment is inferred from this column study.
Context_only
Source:
ncbi_1404
The current authority resolves Priestia megaterium and the historical Bacillus megaterium synonym. PCM 1855 provenance is reported by the study as the Polish Collection of Microorganisms; the species identifier does not independently authenticate that culture or establish a genome mapping.
Acidophile-culture-associated phosphorus mobilization in bone-containing broth
bioleaching
Microbial
Associated Organisms:
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (NCBITaxon:920)
In acidophile-inoculated flasks containing ground fish-bone feed, liquid-phase phosphorus increased while pH fell. Higher nominal feed doses increased reported liquid concentrations but reduced fitted fractional solubilization. Sulfuric-acid-mediated dissolution is proposed; added acid and phosphate plus the absence of a matched abiotic control prevent isolation of microbial necessity.
Experimental Context & Analytical Limits:
The source-designated living Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans F7-01 was reported to have been isolated from the Iron Bridge tailings impoundment, Poland. A 10% v/v inoculum of 72-hour culture was used in 9K medium containing 44.2 g/L FeSO4.7H2O, 0.8 g/L elemental sulfur and 0.5 g/L K2HPO4, with initial pH adjusted to 2.5 using H2SO4. Methods describe a seven-day precursor cultivation at 30 degrees C, followed by addition of ground bones to 250 mL medium and 12-day shaken cultivation at 34 degrees C; shaker speed and filtration cutoff are not specified. Bone doses are given as 2, 4, 10 and 20 g/L, while the separate phosphorite dose descriptions conflict between Methods and result tables. Samples are reported as triplicate means. Permeates underwent nitric-acid digestion and ICP-OES, with elemental phosphorus expressed as P2O5 equivalent; this does not establish dissolved orthophosphate speciation. All reported feed-dose arms were inoculated; no matched sterile, no-cell or acid-only arm is presented. The precursor timeline is also internally inconsistent between Methods and Figure 3.
The source-designated living Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans F7-01 was reported to have been isolated from the Iron Bridge tailings impoundment, Poland. A 10% v/v inoculum of 72-hour culture was used in 9K medium containing 44.2 g/L FeSO4.7H2O, 0.8 g/L elemental sulfur and 0.5 g/L K2HPO4, with initial pH adjusted to 2.5 using H2SO4. Methods describe a seven-day precursor cultivation at 30 degrees C, followed by addition of ground bones to 250 mL medium and 12-day shaken cultivation at 34 degrees C; shaker speed and filtration cutoff are not specified. Bone doses are given as 2, 4, 10 and 20 g/L, while the separate phosphorite dose descriptions conflict between Methods and result tables. Samples are reported as triplicate means. Permeates underwent nitric-acid digestion and ICP-OES, with elemental phosphorus expressed as P2O5 equivalent; this does not establish dissolved orthophosphate speciation. All reported feed-dose arms were inoculated; no matched sterile, no-cell or acid-only arm is presented. The precursor timeline is also internally inconsistent between Methods and Figure 3.
Curated Evidence Points:
Sections 2.1-2.3 and 3.1-3.3, Table 1 and Figures 1b/2b show culture-associated phosphorus release and lower final pH in fish-bone-containing flasks. Table 2 explicitly contains model parameters, so its maximum concentrations and solubilization factors are fitted values rather than measured isolated-product yields.
The medium supplied phosphate, ferrous sulfate, sulfur and sulfuric acid before bone addition. The paper does not establish complete blank correction or a closed phosphorus mass balance, and precursor cultivation does not prove that added chemical acid ceased contributing. Model-derived concentrations in mg/L conflict with the article's percent-concentration wording, and reported solubilization percentages are not adopted as recovery yields. Figure/model/dose inconsistencies prevent confident quantitative optimization. Table 4 and historical fertilizer-limit discussion do not establish current legal compliance, comprehensive safety, agronomic efficacy or industrial deployment. No purified phosphorus product was isolated.
Context_only
Source:
ncbi_920
The authority resolves the species name Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, but does not independently authenticate F7-01 or connect the experimental isolate to a strain-specific accession.
Sources & References
-
wyciszkiewicz_2017_columns: Wyciszkiewicz, Saeid and Chojnacka (2017). In situ solubilization of phosphorus-bearing raw materials by Bacillus megaterium. Engineering in Life Sciences 17:749-758. DOI 10.1002/elsc.201600191; PMCID PMC6999332. Complete official PMC HTML, Tables 1-4 and original Figures 1-5 inspected; publisher PDF unavailable, and the PMC PDF route returned HTML rather than a PDF. No separate supplement is announced in the inspected original.
https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201600191 (accessed 2026-10-15) -
wyciszkiewicz_2017_acidophile: Wyciszkiewicz, Saeid, Malinowski and Chojnacka (2017). Valorization of Phosphorus Secondary Raw Materials by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Molecules 22:473. DOI 10.3390/molecules22030473. Complete 13-page original publisher PDF and official JATS, Tables 1-4 and Figures 1-3 inspected; no separate supplement is announced in the inspected original.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22030473 (accessed 2026-10-15) -
ncbi_1404: NCBI Taxonomy 1404, Priestia megaterium, species; Bacillus megaterium is a synonym. Name-level mapping for the source-designated PCM 1855 culture, not independent strain authentication.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=1404 (accessed 2026-10-15) -
ncbi_920: NCBI Taxonomy 920, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, species. Name-level mapping, not independent authentication of the source-designated F7-01 isolate.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=920 (accessed 2026-10-15)
Curation History
| Timestamp | Curator | Action | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
2026-10-15T15:11:22.675318+00:00 |
Codex (GPT-6; codex) | CREATE | Created a distinct fish-bone secondary-resource owner from two complete primary bacterial-mobilization studies, retaining inoculum phosphorus, unmatched controls, source timing and dose conflicts, and no isolated-product or industrial-recovery claims. |
Record source: data/records/fish-bone-residues.yaml