Terbium element Critical Material
The element Tb, distinct from its dissolved ions, salts, host minerals, phosphors and waste streams. The dated US designation concerns the named terbium mineral commodity; it does not assign criticality to every Tb-bearing material. The curated mechanism is a laboratory screening observation using lyophilized cyanobacterial biomass and a synthetic terbium solution, without demonstrated isolated-product recovery.
Identifiers & Classification
| System | Identifier | Label |
|---|---|---|
| CHEBI |
CHEBI:33376
|
terbium atom |
Criticality Designations
| Jurisdiction | List Name | Edition / Document | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States of America | USGS Final List of Critical Minerals | 2025; Federal Register 90:50494-50497, 7 November 2025 | critical |
usgs2025
|
Microbial & Biochemical Mechanisms (1)
Terbium biosorption with lyophilized Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973
Associated Organisms:
Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (NCBITaxon:1350461)
A decrease in solution terbium after contact with prepared cyanobacterial biomass supports a biosorption interpretation. The assay used lyophilized biomass and does not demonstrate growth-dependent uptake, terbium redox transformation or a particular molecular binding mechanism. Apparent uptake was calculated from the aqueous concentration difference per dry biomass mass, rather than measured as a purified terbium product.
Paper et al. identified UTEX 2973 in their 12-strain screen. This strain was cultivated in BG11 medium in a 3.7 L photobioreactor at 37 degrees C with constant illumination at 300 micromol photons per square metre per second and pH 8 maintained by CO2 addition, then harvested by centrifugation in stationary phase. Before sorption, biomass was washed three times in demineralized water, frozen at -80 degrees C and lyophilized. The separate laboratory sorption assay used 10-20 mg dry biomass in 2 mL single-metal solution, initially 10 mM and pH 5 +/- 0.2, shaken for 3 h at room temperature. The exact terbium salt counter-ion, numerical sorption temperature and strain-specific mass within that range are not reported. Experiments were performed in triplicate, without a stated distinction between independent biomass preparations and technical replicates. After centrifugation at 10,000 rcf for 5 min, supernatant concentrations were analyzed by ICP-OES with multielement calibration standards. Biomass viability was not assessed. No matched biomass-free terbium solution-control result is reported in the main article or its two supplementary tables, so alternative solution-loss processes are not fully excluded.
paper2023
paper2023
Sources & References
-
chebi_terbium: ChEBI CHEBI:33376 - terbium atom; formula Tb, net charge 0
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:33376 (accessed 2026-10-11) -
usgs2025: USGS (2025). Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals. Federal Register 90:50494-50497, document 2025-19813; terbium row on page 50497.
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-11-07/html/2025-19813.htm (accessed 2026-10-11) -
paper2023: Paper et al. (2023). Rare earths stick to rare cyanobacteria: Future potential for bioremediation and recovery of rare earth elements. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 11:1130939; Sections 2.1-2.5, 3.2 and 4.2, Table 1, Figure 2 and Supplementary Tables S1-S2.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1130939 (accessed 2026-10-11) -
ncbi_utex2973: NCBI Taxonomy 1350461 - Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973; strain-specific no-rank node.
https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=taxonomy&id=1350461&retmode=xml (accessed 2026-10-11)
Curation History
| Timestamp | Curator | Action | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
2026-10-11T05:59:03Z |
Codex (GPT-6; Codex) | CREATE | Added elemental identity, the dated US2025 designation and an individual terbium cyanobacterial screening endpoint, with assay, control and cross-element inference limits; scientific review is separate. |
Record source: data/records/terbium.yaml