CMMMech

Terbium element Critical Material

The element Tb, distinct from its dissolved ions, salts, host minerals, phosphors and waste streams. The dated US designation concerns the named terbium mineral commodity; it does not assign criticality to every Tb-bearing material. The curated mechanism is a laboratory screening observation using lyophilized cyanobacterial biomass and a synthetic terbium solution, without demonstrated isolated-product recovery.

Identifiers & Classification

System Identifier Label
CHEBI CHEBI:33376 terbium atom

Criticality Designations

Jurisdiction List Name Edition / Document Classification Source
United States of America USGS Final List of Critical Minerals 2025; Federal Register 90:50494-50497, 7 November 2025 critical usgs2025

Microbial & Biochemical Mechanisms (1)

Terbium biosorption with lyophilized Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973

biosorption Microbial

Associated Organisms: Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (NCBITaxon:1350461)

A decrease in solution terbium after contact with prepared cyanobacterial biomass supports a biosorption interpretation. The assay used lyophilized biomass and does not demonstrate growth-dependent uptake, terbium redox transformation or a particular molecular binding mechanism. Apparent uptake was calculated from the aqueous concentration difference per dry biomass mass, rather than measured as a purified terbium product.

Experimental Context & Analytical Limits:
Paper et al. identified UTEX 2973 in their 12-strain screen. This strain was cultivated in BG11 medium in a 3.7 L photobioreactor at 37 degrees C with constant illumination at 300 micromol photons per square metre per second and pH 8 maintained by CO2 addition, then harvested by centrifugation in stationary phase. Before sorption, biomass was washed three times in demineralized water, frozen at -80 degrees C and lyophilized. The separate laboratory sorption assay used 10-20 mg dry biomass in 2 mL single-metal solution, initially 10 mM and pH 5 +/- 0.2, shaken for 3 h at room temperature. The exact terbium salt counter-ion, numerical sorption temperature and strain-specific mass within that range are not reported. Experiments were performed in triplicate, without a stated distinction between independent biomass preparations and technical replicates. After centrifugation at 10,000 rcf for 5 min, supernatant concentrations were analyzed by ICP-OES with multielement calibration standards. Biomass viability was not assessed. No matched biomass-free terbium solution-control result is reported in the main article or its two supplementary tables, so alternative solution-loss processes are not fully excluded.
Curated Evidence Points:
Table 1, Sections 2.1-2.5 and 3.2, and Figure 2 support the strain, preparation, assay and positive terbium uptake plotted for UTEX 2973. Figure 2 expresses this screening endpoint as mg REE per g dry biomass and labels it Qmax, but it derives from a single 10 mM screening condition; it is not a terbium Langmuir-fit capacity or a recovery percentage. No numerical value has been reconstructed from the graph or from the abstract's range across four elements.
Sections 2.6-2.10 and 3.3-3.7, Figures 3-7 and Supplementary Tables S1-S2 concern cerium: their pH response, rapid kinetics, fitted isotherms, competing-metal response, ion release and FTIR changes do not establish those properties for terbium. The water-only comparison for released Na, K, Mg and Ca in Section 3.6 belongs to the Ce/Al/Pb/Ni/Zn experiment and is not a biomass-free terbium blank. Section 4.2 recommends experiments on other REEs and discusses desorption and recovery as follow-up processes. This study does not demonstrate terbium-selective separation, regeneration, purified-product yield or industrial deployment.

Sources & References

  1. chebi_terbium: ChEBI CHEBI:33376 - terbium atom; formula Tb, net charge 0
    https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:33376 (accessed 2026-10-11)
  2. usgs2025: USGS (2025). Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals. Federal Register 90:50494-50497, document 2025-19813; terbium row on page 50497.
    https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-11-07/html/2025-19813.htm (accessed 2026-10-11)
  3. paper2023: Paper et al. (2023). Rare earths stick to rare cyanobacteria: Future potential for bioremediation and recovery of rare earth elements. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 11:1130939; Sections 2.1-2.5, 3.2 and 4.2, Table 1, Figure 2 and Supplementary Tables S1-S2.
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1130939 (accessed 2026-10-11)
  4. ncbi_utex2973: NCBI Taxonomy 1350461 - Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973; strain-specific no-rank node.
    https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=taxonomy&id=1350461&retmode=xml (accessed 2026-10-11)

Curation History

Timestamp Curator Action Summary
2026-10-11T05:59:03Z Codex (GPT-6; Codex) CREATE Added elemental identity, the dated US2025 designation and an individual terbium cyanobacterial screening endpoint, with assay, control and cross-element inference limits; scientific review is separate.

Record source: data/records/terbium.yaml