Todorokite mineral
Todorokite is the hydrous manganese oxide species listed by IMA-CNMNC in September 2026 with formula (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O (PDF page 218). Its status is approved; the accompanying 1962 s.p. entry identifies action by special procedure, not a modern approval-number CURIE. The Handbook of Mineralogy describes monoclinic material with variable cation composition and hydration in analyzed natural specimens. Its older generalized formula and specimen analyses are not substituted for the current IMA formula. Documented occurrence includes weathering or hydrothermal alteration of manganese-bearing minerals and deep-sea manganese nodules; these contexts do not specify a universal abundance or ore grade. The Handbook's geological term secondary mineral describes formation by alteration, not a material generated by industrial processing. This species is distinct from elemental manganese, a bulk manganese ore or nodule, and a manganese oxalate product. No microbial mechanism or criticality designation is assigned here.
Sources & References
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ima_2026_09: IMA-CNMNC. The New IMA List of Minerals, September 2026; field definitions on PDF page 1 and todorokite row on PDF page 218.
https://cnmnc.units.it/files/editor/IMA_Master_List_(2026-09).pdf (accessed 2026-10-12) -
handbook_todorokite: Handbook of Mineralogy. Todorokite, version 1, copyright 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing; complete one-page entry, especially Crystal Data, Chemistry, Occurrence and Distribution.
https://handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/todorokite.pdf (accessed 2026-10-12)
Curation History
| Timestamp | Curator | Action | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
2026-10-12T01:19:49Z |
Codex (GPT-6; codex) | create | Created the mineral identity and bounded geological occurrence context from the dated IMA list and original Handbook entry; deferred microbial evidence pending complete original experimental graphics. |
Record source: data/records/todorokite.yaml