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Xenotime-(Gd) mineral

Xenotime-(Gd) is the gadolinium-dominant xenotime species with ideal formula Gd(PO4), approved as IMA 2023-091. Its tetragonal I41/amd structure distinguishes it from monoclinic monazite-(Gd), despite their shared ideal formula. Ondrejka et al. (2024) characterized natural domains up to 20 micrometres across within xenotime-(Y) from the Zimna Voda quartz vein near Prakovce, Slovakia. Electron microprobe analyses at and near the holotype lamella average 29.16 wt% Gd2O3 across six points in Table 2, with substantial Y and Dy; these are mixed mineral compositions, not pure GdPO4, bulk ore grade or recovered gadolinium yield. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform patterns and Raman observations support xenotime-type identity. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction were not obtained; Table 3 is a calculated powder pattern. The cell parameters from 25 Fourier-transform reflections and those estimated from weighted end-members are separate results. Density and refractive index are calculated, and several physical properties remain unmeasured. The 2026 corrigendum replaces Figure 4 because the black Raman traces for xenotime-(Y) and xenotime-(Gd) were interchanged; its authors retain the original text and interpretations. The proposed hydrothermal origin does not establish a controlled formation mechanism, microbial activity, recovery performance, industrial deployment or a jurisdiction-specific criticality designation.

Identifiers & Classification

System Identifier Label
IMA IMA:2023-091 Xenotime-(Gd)

Sources & References

  1. ima_2026_09: IMA-CNMNC. The New IMA List of Minerals, September 2026. Field definitions PDF page 1; Xenotime-(Gd) row page 236, Gd(PO4), A, 2023-091, Slovakia. Previously acquired official PDF re-inspected 15 October 2026; current authority homepage checked.
    https://cnmnc.units.it/files/editor/IMA_Master_List_(2026-09).pdf (accessed 2026-10-15)
  2. ondrejka2024: Ondrejka M et al. (2024). Xenotime-(Gd), a new Gd-dominant mineral of the xenotime group from the Zimna Voda REE-U-Au quartz vein, Prakovce, Western Carpathians, Slovakia. Mineralogical Magazine 88:613-622. DOI 10.1180/mgm.2024.62. Complete ten-page original inspected through the SAV public library copy. Methods and type lamella pages 614-615; original Figures 1-4 pages 616, 618 and 620; Table 2 composition and Table 3 calculated powder pattern page 617; measured and calculated cell comparison Table 4 page 619; spectral limitations pages 619-620. Reported supplementary CIF AMCSD 0021444 was not acquired; its contents are not independently verified here. Original Figure 4 is superseded by the 2026 corrigendum.
    https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2024.62 (accessed 2026-10-15)
  3. ondrejka2026_corrigendum: Ondrejka M et al. (2026). Xenotime-(Gd), a new Gd-dominant mineral of the xenotime group from the Zimna Voda REE-U-Au quartz vein, Prakovce, Western Carpathians, Slovakia - CORRIGENDUM. Mineralogical Magazine 90:196-197. DOI 10.1180/mgm.2025.10190. Published online 13 January 2026. Complete publisher correction text and corrected Figure 4 inspected; two black spectral traces had been interchanged. The authors state that text and interpretations remain valid. The DOI's 2025 component is not the publication year.
    https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2025.10190 (accessed 2026-10-15)

Curation History

Timestamp Curator Action Summary
2026-10-15T23:51:47Z codex (GPT-6; codex) CREATE Added the tetragonal Gd-dominant xenotime species with original characterization and the corrected Raman figure, preserving calculated properties and unavailable crystallographic supplement limits.

Record source: data/records/xenotime-gd.yaml