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Achromobacter-Enterobacter SL8-SL12 Cadmium Immobilization Coculture

Community ID CommunityMech:000374
Ecological State ENGINEERED
Environment Cd-supplemented LB laboratory coculture — ontology label: laboratory environment
ENVO:01001405 · HabitatMech ↗
Modeled Environment Cd-contaminated mine-area soil — ontology label: contaminated soil
ENVO:00002116 · HabitatMech ↗

A defined two-member bacterial coculture assembled from the Cd-contaminated mine-area soil isolates Achromobacter sp. SL8 and Enterobacter sp. SL12 to immobilize cadmium. In 100 mg/L Cd2+ LB assays the SL8-SL12 coculture removed 80.9% of dissolved Cd after 7 days, exceeding both monocultures at the same Cd dose; Cd partitioning, microscopy, and spectroscopy associated this performance with CdS bioprecipitation, intracellular Cd accumulation, surface aggregation with possible EPS involvement, and phosphate-, amino-, and hydroxyl-bearing surface groups. In greenhouse Chinese-cabbage pots the inoculated coculture decreased bioavailable soil Cd fractions and lowered Cd in aboveground cabbage tissue under high Cd stress.

Taxonomy

Taxon Ontology ID Functional Roles Abundance
Achromobacter sp. SL8 — ontology label: Achromobacter NCBITaxon:222 · TaxonMech · TraitMech DOMINANT
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, SL8 was identified as Achromobacter sp., and SL12 as Enterobacter sp., with sequence homologies of 99.79% and 99.31%"
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "Soil samples were collected from Cd-contaminated areas around a mine in Liuyang, Hunan Province, China (28°2′N, 113°64′E)."
Enterobacter sp. SL12 — ontology label: Enterobacter NCBITaxon:547 · TaxonMech · TraitMech DOMINANT
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, SL8 was identified as Achromobacter sp., and SL12 as Enterobacter sp., with sequence homologies of 99.79% and 99.31%"
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "Soil samples were collected from Cd-contaminated areas around a mine in Liuyang, Hunan Province, China (28°2′N, 113°64′E)."

Ecological Interactions

The graph shows only explicitly linked interaction participants. Community members without an asserted participant link are omitted; membership alone does not imply an interaction.

Ecological interaction network for Achromobacter-Enterobacter SL8-SL12 Cadmium Immobilization Coculture Bipartite graph where circles represent taxa and non-circular symbols represent interactions. Rare or untyped interactions share the Other symbol; exact curated types remain in the interaction details.
Taxon
Other

SL8-SL12 cooperative cadmium immobilization

The SL8-SL12 coculture combined alkalinization, increased intracellular Cd accumulation, CdS bioprecipitation, and surface aggregation with possible EPS involvement under 100 mg/L Cd2+, removing 80.9% of Cd after 7 days and outperforming both monocultures at the high Cd dose.

Metabolites: cadmium(2+) (CHEBI:48775 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)

Biological Processes:

Evidence

  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "After a 7-day incubation period, RE-Cd values reached 82.6% and 69.55% for SL8, 63.4% and 70.8% for SL12, and 82.6% and 80.9% for the co-cultured strains at initial Cd concentrations of 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively."
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "co-culturing enhanced intracellular Cd accumulation ( Fig. 2C ), potentially by improving cellular membrane fluidity, thus offering a robust barrier against Cd ion penetration"
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "The detection of the Cd 3d peak confirmed the presence of CdS and further supported a multi-faceted response to Cd stress."

Associated Datasets

Dataset Type Repository Accession
SL8 and SL12 16S rRNA GenBank accessions
Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences for the two Cd-resistant isolates used in the SL8-SL12 coculture. 		AMPLICON_16S OTHER PZ429300; PZ429301
SL8-SL12 cadmium-response proteomic dataset
iProX proteomic data for SL8, SL12, and the SL8-SL12 coculture under 100 mg/L Cd2+ stress. 		METAPROTEOMICS OTHER IPX0017179000
SL8-SL12 cadmium-response metabolomic dataset
MetaboLights metabolomic data for extracellular metabolites from SL8, SL12, and SL8-SL12 cultures. 		METABOLOMICS METABOLIGHTS MTBLS14477

Knowledge gaps & discussions (1)

KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN Which transporter, antioxidant, or peptide changes are causally required for the SL8-SL12 coculture's improved cadmium immobilization?

The primary article reported significant proteomic and metabolomic changes in the Cd-stressed coculture, but explicitly framed ABC transporters and Ohr-family peroxiredoxin as hypotheses rather than validated causal factors.

Attaches to: ecological_interactions#SL8-SL12 cooperative cadmium immobilization

1 proposed experiment(s)
Targeted transporter and antioxidant knockouts in SL8-SL12 coculture
Approach: gene knockout or complementation in defined coculture Cd-removal assays
Decision: Loss and rescue of coculture Cd immobilization would identify an omics-inferred candidate as causal rather than correlative.
1 evidence item(s)
full_text SUPPORT PMID:42307251

While our proteomic and metabolomic analyses provide strong correlative evidence for the proposed molecular mechanisms, direct causal validation (e.g., gene knockout) was not performed.

Records the authors' explicit limitation around mechanistic causality.

External Resources

Name Repository Resource ID
PubMed record for the SL8-SL12 cadmium-immobilization article
PubMed metadata for the 2026 Microbiology Spectrum article defining the SL8-SL12 coculture. 		OTHER PMID:42307251
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (OTHER)
    "This study employed an integrated approach combining spectroscopy, metabolomics, and proteomics to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd detoxification in Achromobacter insuavis SL8 and Enterobacter cancerogenus SL12."
DOI for the SL8-SL12 cadmium-immobilization article
Publisher DOI for the primary Microbiology Spectrum article. 		OTHER doi:10.1128/spectrum.01081-26
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (OTHER)
    "This multi-omics investigation not only deepens the understanding of microbial adaptive responses to Cd stress, but also provides insights for developing novel microbial consortia for efficient and eco-friendly bioremediation of Cd-contaminated environments."
PubMed Central full text for the SL8-SL12 cadmium-immobilization article
Open-access PubMed Central full text used for the curated evidence snippets. 		OTHER PMC13340288
Zenodo supplemental material for the SL8-SL12 cadmium-immobilization article
Zenodo-hosted supplemental PDF with detailed isolation and omics tables for the primary article. 		OTHER doi:10.5281/zenodo.20263325
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (OTHER)
    "SI available at https://zenodo.org/records/20263325"

Environmental Factors

Factor Value Unit
Initial Cd2+ in LB removal assays 50; 100 mg/L Cd2+
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "When the bacterial suspension reached an OD600 of 0.8, 1% (vol/vol) of the culture was transferred into liquid LB medium supplemented with 50 mg/L or 100 mg/L Cd 2+ , followed by incubation under identical conditions (30℃, 200 rpm)."
SL8-SL12 100 mg/L Cd2+ removal after 7 days 80.9 % removal
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "After a 7-day incubation period, RE-Cd values reached 82.6% and 69.55% for SL8, 63.4% and 70.8% for SL12, and 82.6% and 80.9% for the co-cultured strains at initial Cd concentrations of 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively."
LB pH alkalinization during Cd removal 6.5 to 8.0-8.5 pH
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "The pH increased sharply from approximately 6.5 to 8.0–8.5 within the first 2 days of incubation and then stabilized"
Bioavailable Cd decrease in cabbage-pot soil 13 % decrease versus control
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VIVO)
    "The results revealed a discernible decrease of 13% in the bioavailable Cd fractions (exchangeable, carbonate-bound, and Fe-Mn oxidized forms) in the co-cultured strains treatment compared to the control treatment."
Aboveground Chinese cabbage Cd decrease 20 % decrease under high Cd stress
  • PMID:42307251 - SUPPORT (IN_VIVO)
    "the application of SL8 and SL12 strains under high Cd stress conditions significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the aboveground parts by 20%"

Growth Media

Cd2+-supplemented liquid LB medium

pH 7.0
Temperature 30 C
Atmosphere AEROBIC

Composition

Component Concentration Unit CHEBI
tryptone · MediaIngredientMech 10 g/L N/A
NaCl · MediaIngredientMech 10 g/L N/A
yeast extract · MediaIngredientMech 5 g/L N/A
Cd2+ · MediaIngredientMech 50 or 100 mg/L N/A

Preparation notes: LB cultures of SL8, SL12, and SL8 plus SL12 were challenged with 50 or 100 mg/L Cd2+ for the 7-day atomic-absorption Cd-removal assay.

Evidence

PMID:42307251

"Microbial enrichment was carried out in LB liquid medium consisting of 10 g tryptone, 10 g NaCl, and 5 g yeast extract per liter of water, adjusted to pH of 7.0."

PMID:42307251

"When the bacterial suspension reached an OD600 of 0.8, 1% (vol/vol) of the culture was transferred into liquid LB medium supplemented with 50 mg/L or 100 mg/L Cd 2+ , followed by incubation under identical conditions (30℃, 200 rpm)."

Cross-Mech Suite Links

Explore related entities across the CultureBotAI X-Mech knowledge bases:

HabitatMech: Cd-supplemented LB laboratory coculture ↗ TaxonMech: Achromobacter sp. SL8 ↗ TraitMech: Achromobacter sp. SL8 ↗ TaxonMech: Enterobacter sp. SL12 ↗ TraitMech: Enterobacter sp. SL12 ↗ CultureMech Growth Media ↗ PathwayMech Pathways ↗