Bacillus and Aspergillus Lignocellulose-Degrading Co-Vermicomposting SynCom

Community ID CommunityMech:000473

Ecological State ENGINEERED

Environment compost
ENVO:00002170 · HabitatMech ↗

Synthetic lignocellulose-degrading cross-kingdom microbial consortium (SynCom) composed of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus rugulosus applied at 5% inoculation during earthworm (Eisenia fetida) co-vermicomposting of high-lignin green waste and cattle manure. The SynCom stimulates lignocellulolytic enzyme and urease activities, enriches carbohydrate esterases, glycosyltransferases, and nitrification gene hao, reduces the C/N ratio, and increases humic substance and nitrate nitrogen content.

Taxonomy

Taxon	Ontology ID	Functional Roles	Abundance
Bacillus licheniformis	NCBITaxon:1402 · TaxonMech · TraitMech	PRIMARY_DEGRADER	DOMINANT
PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO) "The SynCom was constructed using the three strains isolated in this study together with one laboratory-preserved strain, comprising two bacterial species ( Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis ) and two fungal species ( Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus rugulosus )." PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO) "Finally, three culturable strains with no antagonistic activity against the laboratory-preserved lignin-modifying fungus Aspergillus nidulans were selected ( Yu et al., 2018 ): Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis , which exhibited cellulase, LiP, or MnP activities, and Aspergillus rugulosus , which exhibited cellulase and Lac activities."
Bacillus subtilis	NCBITaxon:1423 · TaxonMech · TraitMech	PRIMARY_DEGRADER	DOMINANT
PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO) "The SynCom was constructed using the three strains isolated in this study together with one laboratory-preserved strain, comprising two bacterial species ( Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis ) and two fungal species ( Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus rugulosus )." PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO) "Finally, three culturable strains with no antagonistic activity against the laboratory-preserved lignin-modifying fungus Aspergillus nidulans were selected ( Yu et al., 2018 ): Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis , which exhibited cellulase, LiP, or MnP activities, and Aspergillus rugulosus , which exhibited cellulase and Lac activities."
Aspergillus nidulans	NCBITaxon:162425 · TaxonMech · TraitMech	PRIMARY_DEGRADER	DOMINANT
PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO) "The SynCom was constructed using the three strains isolated in this study together with one laboratory-preserved strain, comprising two bacterial species ( Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis ) and two fungal species ( Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus rugulosus )." PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO) "Finally, three culturable strains with no antagonistic activity against the laboratory-preserved lignin-modifying fungus Aspergillus nidulans were selected ( Yu et al., 2018 ): Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis , which exhibited cellulase, LiP, or MnP activities, and Aspergillus rugulosus , which exhibited cellulase and Lac activities."
Aspergillus rugulosus	NCBITaxon:41736 · TaxonMech · TraitMech	PRIMARY_DEGRADER	DOMINANT
PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO) "The SynCom was constructed using the three strains isolated in this study together with one laboratory-preserved strain, comprising two bacterial species ( Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis ) and two fungal species ( Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus rugulosus )." PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO) "Finally, three culturable strains with no antagonistic activity against the laboratory-preserved lignin-modifying fungus Aspergillus nidulans were selected ( Yu et al., 2018 ): Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis , which exhibited cellulase, LiP, or MnP activities, and Aspergillus rugulosus , which exhibited cellulase and Lac activities."

Ecological Interactions

The graph shows only explicitly linked interaction participants. Community members without an asserted participant link are omitted; membership alone does not imply an interaction.

Taxon

Syntrophy

Coordinated Carbohydrate Esterase Enrichment and Nitrification Gene Activation

SYNTROPHY

Inoculation of the four-species Bacillus-Aspergillus synthetic community enriches nitrogen-cycling bacteria (Luteimonas and Pseudomonas) and increases functional gene abundances for carbohydrate esterases, glycosyltransferases, and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (hao).

Participating Taxa: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus rugulosus

Metabolites: nitrate (CHEBI:17632 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)

Biological Processes:

nitrogen cycle metabolic process (GO:0071941 · PathwayMech)

Downstream Effects:

→ Cross-Kingdom Fungal-Bacterial Lignocellulose Hydrolysis and Urease Activation

DIRECTLY IMPLIED: Enrichment of carbohydrate esterases, glycosyltransferases, and nitrogen-cycling genes enhances lignocellulose-degrading enzyme and urease activities during co-vermicomposting.

Evidence

PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)

"SynComs further increased the abundances of carbohydrate esterases and glycosyltransferases, as well as the relative abundance of the nitrification gene hao, thereby enhancing the potential for lignocellulose degradation, degradation product transformation, and nitrification."
PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)

"Microbial analysis showed that the amendment treatments enriched nitrogen cycling related taxa, including Luteimonas and Pseudomonas."

Cross-Kingdom Fungal-Bacterial Lignocellulose Hydrolysis and Urease Activation

SYNTROPHY

Addition of 5% synthetic microbial community composed of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus rugulosus stimulates lignocellulose-degrading enzyme and urease activities during green waste and cattle manure co-vermicomposting.

Participating Taxa: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus rugulosus

Metabolites: lignocellulose (CHEBI:180683 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)

Biological Processes:

cellulose catabolic process (GO:0030245 · PathwayMech)
lignin catabolic process (GO:0046274 · PathwayMech)

Downstream Effects:

→ Accelerated Co-Vermicomposting Maturity, Humification, and Nitrate Accumulation

DIRECTLY IMPLIED: Stimulated lignocellulose-degrading enzyme and urease activities reduce the C/N ratio and increase humic substance content, nitrate nitrogen content, germination index, and vermicompost maturity.

Evidence

PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)

"Compared with other treatments, 5% SynComs showed the strongest stimulatory effect on lignocellulose-degrading enzyme and urease activities, effectively reduced the C/N ratio, and increased the germination index, humic substance content, nitrate nitrogen content, and overall quality score."
PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)

"Overall, lignocellulose-degrading SynComs effectively accelerated co-vermicomposting maturity, improved product quality, and promoted green waste resource utilization."

Accelerated Co-Vermicomposting Maturity, Humification, and Nitrate Accumulation

SYNTROPHY

Lignocellulose-degrading SynCom activity lowers the C/N ratio and increases humic substance content, nitrate nitrogen accumulation, seed germination index, and overall vermicompost quality.

Participating Taxa: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus rugulosus

Metabolites: lignocellulose (CHEBI:180683 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), nitrate (CHEBI:17632 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)

Biological Processes:

nitrogen cycle metabolic process (GO:0071941 · PathwayMech)

Evidence

PMID:42780861 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)

"Overall, lignocellulose-degrading SynComs effectively accelerated co-vermicomposting maturity, improved product quality, and promoted green waste resource utilization."

Cross-Mech Suite Links

Explore related entities across the CultureBotAI X-Mech knowledge bases:

HabitatMech: compost ↗ TaxonMech: Bacillus licheniformis ↗ TraitMech: Bacillus licheniformis ↗ TaxonMech: Bacillus subtilis ↗ TraitMech: Bacillus subtilis ↗ TaxonMech: Aspergillus nidulans ↗ TraitMech: Aspergillus nidulans ↗ TaxonMech: Aspergillus rugulosus ↗ TraitMech: Aspergillus rugulosus ↗ CultureMech Growth Media ↗ PathwayMech Pathways ↗