A defined three-member, two-kingdom synthetic microbial community assembled to break the lignocellulose barrier of Caragana korshinskii, a shrub legume used as an arid-region feed resource. Lactobacillus plantarum supplies rapid acidification, Bacillus subtilis supplies fibrolytic enzyme secretion, and Aspergillus niger supplies what the source calls oxidative delignification potential. Against the control, the SynCom treatment reached higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (49.68%) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (25.65%), shifted the silage microbiome so that Lactobacillus exceeded 95% of it, suppressed the spoilage genera Staphylococcus and Weissella by competitive exclusion, and upregulated predicted pyruvate metabolism and amino-acid biosynthesis. CURATION SCOPE. Only the abstract of the source is available: the paper is gold open access at the publisher but has no PMC deposit, Europe PMC serves no full text, and the publisher blocks programmatic retrieval, so references_cache/PMID_42432469.md is content_type abstract_only. Strain designations, inoculation rates, ensiling vessel, temperature, moisture and duration, control-arm values, pH and organic-acid data, sequencing methods and any sequence accessions are all unavailable and are therefore absent here because they were not readable, not because the study did not report them. Re-check with the Europe PMC search for EXT_ID:42432469 and curate the rest once a pmcid appears.
Taxonomy
| Taxon | Ontology ID | Functional Roles | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus plantarum — ontology label: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum | NCBITaxon:1590 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
SECONDARY_FERMENTER
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N/A |
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| Bacillus subtilis | NCBITaxon:1423 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
PRIMARY_DEGRADER
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N/A |
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| Aspergillus niger | NCBITaxon:5061 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
PRIMARY_DEGRADER
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N/A |
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Ecological Interactions
The graph shows only explicitly linked interaction participants. Community members without an asserted participant link are omitted; membership alone does not imply an interaction.
Complementary lignocellulose attack by the two degraders
PARTIAL - the authors propose complementary Bacillus fibrolytic and Aspergillus degradation functions in the forage inoculum. Exact fungal delignification and division of labor are not resolved by the bacterial profiling; this is not established niche partitioning.
Participating Taxa: Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger
Metabolites: lignocellulose (CHEBI:180683 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
HYPOTHESIZED - substrate release by the degraders could support acidifying fermentation. The source proposes this connection without isolating the necessary enzymes or organism-resolved carbon transfer.
Evidence
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PMID:42432469 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"enzyme secretion of Bacillus subtilis and the oxidative delignification"
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PMID:42432469 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"yet its utilization is severely impeded by the recalcitrant"
Silage Community Shift and Spoilage-Genus Suppression
Relative bacterial profiles shifted in treated silage, but every treatment including the control exceeded 95% Lactobacillus. Reported spoilage-genus suppression does not establish reciprocal-negative competition or eradication. Listed participants are the three inoculants, not excluded genera; the genus bin does not resolve inoculated strain abundance.
Participating Taxa: Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger
Biological Processes:
- biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms (GO:0044419 · PathwayMech)
Evidence
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PMID:42432469 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"effectively suppressing spoilage genera like Staphylococcus and Weissella via"
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PMID:42432469 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"shift in the microbiome, where Lactobacillus abundance surged to"
Acidification-driven preservation
The study reports acidification and preservation outcomes and proposes metabolic contributions. Tax4Fun-based bacterial pathway predictions are not expression or measured pyruvate flux. Shotgun-method wording conflicts with the discussion; do not treat this as direct whole-community functional measurement or mutualism.
Participating Taxa: Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger
Metabolites: pyruvate (CHEBI:15361 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Biological Processes:
- pyruvate metabolic process (GO:0006090 · PathwayMech)
- amino acid biosynthetic process (GO:0008652 · PathwayMech)
HYPOTHESIZED - acidification could constrain spoilage-associated growth and contribute to the relative community shift. The study does not isolate acidity as the necessary mediator or prove eradication.
Evidence
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PMID:42432469 - PARTIAL (COMPUTATIONAL)"upregulated key metabolic modules, specifically pyruvate metabolism and amino"
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PMID:42432469 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"acid biosynthesis pathways, facilitating rapid acidification and protein"
Knowledge gaps & discussions (1)
KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN Which measured degradation functions and acids mediate the preservation phenotype?
PMID:42432469 full accepted manuscript leaves fungal function unresolved and contains method/value inconsistencies. Table 2 contradicts the abstract IVNDFD attribution, and significance letters limit pairwise claims. These discrepancies and unchanged non-graph values require follow-up; the two graph arrows remain hypothetical.
Attaches to: ecological_interactions#Complementary lignocellulose attack by the two degraders, ecological_interactions#Silage Community Shift and Spoilage-Genus Suppression, ecological_interactions#Acidification-driven preservation
External Resources
| Name | Repository | Resource ID |
|---|---|---|
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Primary publication - cross-kingdom forage SynCom
BMC Microbiology, published online 2026-07-10, doi:10.1186/s12866-026-05353-5. Gold open access at the publisher, but with no PMC deposit at curation time, so only the abstract is cached here. |
OTHER | PMID:42432469 |
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Environmental Factors
| Factor | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Substrate | Caragana korshinskii forage | N/A |
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