Consortia-A22ED9 is a defined two-member Bacillus consortium assembled from SK22 and KHED9, two native isolates recovered from active rat-hole coal-mine sites in Meghalaya, India. The consortium was selected after compatibility screening for growth stimulation and then assayed in pH 5.0 LB medium for in vitro removal of iron, cadmium, and chromium across sublethal metal concentrations.
Taxonomy
| Taxon | Ontology ID | Functional Roles | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus sp. SK22 — ontology label: Bacillus <firmicutes> | NCBITaxon:1386 · TaxonMech · TraitMech | DOMINANT | |
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| Bacillus sp. KHED9 — ontology label: Bacillus <firmicutes> | NCBITaxon:1386 · TaxonMech · TraitMech | DOMINANT | |
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Ecological Interactions
The graph shows only explicitly linked interaction participants. Community members without an asserted participant link are omitted; membership alone does not imply an interaction.
Consortia-A22ED9 single-metal Fe-Cd-Cr removal
In separate 24-hour LB assays initially at pH 5.0, A22ED9 showed reported mean removal of 92.08% Fe across 50-1000 mg/L, 74.15% Cr and 97.587% Cd across 1-32 mg/L. ICP-OES measured residual metal after centrifugation and filtration. These positive depletion endpoints do not identify oxidation state, intracellular uptake or the shares attributable to biosorption and precipitation. Final pH varied rather than staying fixed at 5.0 or universally reaching 8.0. Cell-free medium controls showed little loss, but pH-matched abiotic and live/dead comparisons were not sufficient to partition mechanisms. The study does not establish enhanced consortium removal over isolates or field efficacy.
Participating Taxa: Bacillus sp. SK22, Bacillus sp. KHED9
Metabolites: iron(2+) (CHEBI:29033 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), chromium (CHEBI:28073 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), cadmium(2+) (CHEBI:48775 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Evidence
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PMID:42135302 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"The iron removal percentage (%) of Consortia-A22ED9 is 92.08 ± 10.281"
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PMID:42135302 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"The chromium removal percentage (%) of Consortia-A22ED9 is 74.15 ± 12.906"
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PMID:42135302 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"Consortia-A22ED9 removed 97.587 ± 0.958% and Consortia-B18-4M11 removed 97.673 ± 0.475% of Cd respectively"
Knowledge gaps & discussions (3)
KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN Which species within Bacillus do SK22 and KHED9 belong to, and does A22ED9 retain Fe, Cd, and Cr removal in pilot-scale or field acid-mine-drainage treatments?
The inspected study reports 16S rRNA accessions and in vitro pH 5.0 shake-flask assays, while noting that field trials and laboratory-scale fermentor validation remained future work.
Attaches to: taxonomy#Bacillus sp. SK22, taxonomy#Bacillus sp. KHED9, modeled_environment#rat-hole coal-mine acid mine drainage
KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN Does A22ED9 provide reproducibly higher Fe, Cd, or Cr removal than its single-isolate members?
The paper reports high Fe, Cd, and Cr removal for A22ED9, but the abstract explicitly states that consortia did not show significant differences in heavy-metal removal, so the curated interaction does not assert an emergent metal-removal advantage.
Attaches to: ecological_interactions#Consortia-A22ED9 single-metal Fe-Cd-Cr removal
KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN Which processes account for depletion, and what does filtrate stimulation contribute?
Preserve Table 3 single-metal removal averages and prior #1009 labels. The source inconsistently says abiotic controls were absent while also reporting cell-free controls; the defensible limit is unresolved pH-matched biological/precipitation contributions, not erasure of reported controls. SEM-EDX examples name individual SK22 and SK18-4, not complete A22ED9-specific partitioning. Filtrate-associated SK22 stimulation by KHED9 is a separate measured candidate for new structure under #1593; inspect supplementary Fig S2 and controls before extension. Current record remains needs_research. #1591 repairs the existing endpoint; #1594 tracks non-graph metadata. One-record Edison dry run only; no credits spent.
Attaches to: ecological_interactions#Consortia-A22ED9 single-metal Fe-Cd-Cr removal
External Resources
| Name | Repository | Resource ID |
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PubMed record for the Meghalaya A22ED9 bioremediation article
PubMed record for the 2026 Scientific Reports A22ED9 heavy-metal bioremediation article. |
OTHER | PMID:42135302 |
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DOI for the Meghalaya A22ED9 bioremediation article
Publisher DOI for the primary Scientific Reports article. |
OTHER | doi:10.1038/s41598-026-49136-4 |
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PubMed Central full text for the Meghalaya A22ED9 bioremediation article
Open-access PubMed Central full text used for method and result snippets. |
OTHER | PMCID:PMC13443631 |
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Environmental Factors
| Factor | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Acidic assay pH | 5.0 | pH |
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| Ferrous iron challenge range | 50-1000 | mg/L |
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| Chromium and cadmium challenge range | 1-32 | mg/L |
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Growth Media
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