A designed Bacillus-yeast-LAB solid-state fermentation panel that mixed Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Levilactobacillus brevis, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as two three-species 1:1:1 recipes and one four-species 1:1:1:1 recipe to convert mulberry leaves and distillers' grains into higher-nutrient animal feed. Zhang et al. compared the three A/B/C inoculation recipes across mulberry leaves, distillers' grains, and mixed ML&DG substrates under 10% inoculation and five days of anaerobic solid-state fermentation.
Taxonomy
| Taxon | Ontology ID | Functional Roles | Abundance |
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| Bacillus subtilis | NCBITaxon:1423 · TaxonMech · TraitMech | N/A | |
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| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | NCBITaxon:4932 · TaxonMech · TraitMech | N/A | |
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| Levilactobacillus brevis | NCBITaxon:1580 · TaxonMech · TraitMech | N/A | |
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| Lactiplantibacillus plantarum | NCBITaxon:1590 · TaxonMech · TraitMech | N/A | |
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Ecological Interactions
The graph shows only explicitly linked interaction participants. Community members without an asserted participant link are omitted; membership alone does not imply an interaction.
Anaerobic acidifying solid-state feed fermentation
The designed Bacillus-yeast-LAB inoculants fermented mulberry leaves, distillers' grains, and mixed ML&DG substrates anaerobically for five days, lowering the pH below 4.77, accumulating lactic acid, and degrading tannin and phytic acid. The abstract reports the response at the designed inoculant level and does not distinguish whether recipe A, B, or C produced every maximum endpoint.
Metabolites: lactic acid (CHEBI:28358 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Biological Processes:
- fermentation (GO:0006113 · PathwayMech)
Evidence
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PMID:42566139 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"10% inoculation rate was adopted for short-term anaerobic fermentation lasting 5 days using ML, DG and their mixed substrates (ML&DG) "
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PMID:42566139 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"exogenous microbial inoculation effectively degraded tannin (50.81%) and phytic acid (52.66%), lowered the pH value below 4.77, and increased lactic acid content to 83.43 mg/g "
Lactobacillus-associated quality enhancement
Microbial community analysis associated Lactobacillus dominance with the improved solid-state fermentation quality. Because the abstract reports the genus name Lactobacillus rather than variant-level readouts for the two renamed inoculated LAB species, this interaction is retained at community-level rather than attributed to L. brevis or L. plantarum alone.
Biological Processes:
- fermentation (GO:0006113 · PathwayMech)
Evidence
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PMID:42566139 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"Microbial analysis confirmed Lactobacillus as the dominant genus correlating with quality enhancement. "
Knowledge gaps & discussions (1)
KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN Resolve the exact strain accessions, solid-state vessel setup, moisture, temperature, and per-A/B/C variant endpoint table for the mulberry leaf/distillers' grain feed fermentation consortium.
The cached PubMed abstract names the four species, the A/B/C inoculation ratios, and the 10% five-day anaerobic ML/DG/ML&DG fermentation panel, but it does not report strain accessions, exact solid-state culture parameters, or which variant and substrate arm produced each maximum quality endpoint.
Attaches to: taxonomy, growth_media, ecological_interactions
External Resources
| Name | Repository | Resource ID |
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PubMed record
PubMed record for the World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology article on mixed solid-state fermentation of mulberry leaves and distillers' grains. |
OTHER | PMID:42566139 |
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Article DOI
DOI for the World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology article reporting the mulberry-leaf and distillers-grain solid-state fermentation consortium. |
OTHER | doi:10.1007/s11274-026-05183-7 |
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Environmental Factors
| Factor | Value | Unit |
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| short anaerobic solid-state fermentation | 10% inoculation, 5 days | N/A |
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| acidification | pH below 4.77 | N/A |
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Growth Media
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