A defined equal-volume consortium of Lysinibacillus sphaericus A1, Bacillus cereus A2, and Lactococcus lactis A4 tested in dual-chamber microbial fuel cells containing amended, sterilized poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The consortium produced more power and removed more chemical oxygen demand than the constituent strains tested separately during the 30-day experiment.
Taxonomy
| Taxon | Ontology ID | Functional Roles | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lysinibacillus sphaericus A1 — ontology label: Lysinibacillus sphaericus | NCBITaxon:1421 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
ELECTROGEN
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N/A |
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| Bacillus cereus A2 — ontology label: Bacillus cereus | NCBITaxon:1396 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
ELECTROGEN
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N/A |
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| Lactococcus lactis A4 — ontology label: Lactococcus lactis | NCBITaxon:1358 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
ELECTROGEN
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N/A |
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Ecological Interactions
The graph shows only explicitly linked interaction participants. Community members without an asserted participant link are omitted; membership alone does not imply an interaction.
Proposed Electroactive Consortium Complementarity
HYPOTHESIZED: metabolic complementarity and biofilm organization among Lysinibacillus sphaericus A1, Bacillus cereus A2 and Lactococcus lactis A4 may explain improved mixed-inoculum performance. The three-strain versus pure-culture comparison demonstrates a treatment difference, not measured resource partitioning, interspecies electron transfer or the individual necessity of a strain. Section 2.1.1 standardizes culture OD600 but leaves total mixed-versus-single inoculum volume ambiguous.
Participating Taxa: Lysinibacillus sphaericus A1, Bacillus cereus A2, Lactococcus lactis A4
HYPOTHESIZED: complementary microbial metabolism and biofilm organization may increase electron delivery and thus power output. Retain the authors proposed mechanism for the positive mixed-versus-pure comparison; no strain-resolved electron-transfer or complementarity perturbation isolates this mechanism.
HYPOTHESIZED: complementary metabolism may improve utilization of oxidizable substrates and hence COD reduction. COD is an aggregate assay in amended, sterilized wastewater, not proof of native-wastewater mineralization; Section 3.3 inconsistencies prevent certifying the exact reported ranking from concentrations.
Evidence
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PMID:41594859 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"selecting complementary strains with diverse metabolic functions can substantially improve system performance"
Consortium-Enhanced Anode Power Output
During the 30-day dual-chamber MFC study, the consortium reached a reported maximum power density of 170 mW/m2, approximately 15% above L. sphaericus A1, 29% above B. cereus A2 and more than threefold above L. lactis A4. Preserve this positive tested-system comparison, not a claim that output remained higher at every time point. The matrix was nutrient-amended and sterilized, not raw wastewater.
Participating Taxa: Lysinibacillus sphaericus A1, Bacillus cereus A2, Lactococcus lactis A4
Evidence
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PMID:41594859 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"Compared with single cultures, the consortium produced approximately 15% higher power density than L. sphericus A1, about 29% higher than B. cereus A2, and more than threefold higher than L. lactis A4."
Consortium-Enhanced Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal
The abstract reports the consortium had the greatest COD removal (84.4%) in amended, sterilized model wastewater. Preserve that reported result with a source discrepancy: Section 3.3 pairs consortium 84.4% with 2150-to-436 mg/L and L. sphaericus 79.7% with 2150-to-335 mg/L, which yield approximately 79.7% and 84.4%, respectively. Do not silently swap these values or certify the exact quantitative ranking. COD cannot distinguish native-organic degradation, supplement consumption, biomass assimilation and abiotic changes.
Participating Taxa: Lysinibacillus sphaericus A1, Bacillus cereus A2, Lactococcus lactis A4
Evidence
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PMID:41594859 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"The highest COD removal (84.4%) was also recorded"
Knowledge gaps & discussions (1)
KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN Which mechanisms and reconciled measurements explain the mixed-culture advantage?
Both existing mechanism-to-performance directions remain HYPOTHESIZED; positive power and reported COD results remain. Full primary methods/results/discussion were read. SEM biofilm morphology is not strain-resolved transfer or causal complementarity. The OD600-normalized inoculation wording does not unambiguously establish equal total starting biomass. Section 3.3 percentages and concentrations appear crossed, and COD does not identify degradation pathways or distinguish amended from native substrates. Independent raw data or author clarification is needed before a numerical correction. Non-graph reported 84.4% remains unchanged, not certified, under #1716.
Attaches to: ecological_interactions#Proposed Electroactive Consortium Complementarity, ecological_interactions#Consortium-Enhanced Anode Power Output, ecological_interactions#Consortium-Enhanced Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal
2 evidence item(s)
selecting complementary strains with diverse metabolic functions can substantially improve system performance
Supports the authors proposed complementarity interpretation, not a directly established niche-partitioning mechanism.
The highest COD removal (84.4%) was also recorded
Supports the abstract-reported 84.4%, not reconciled agreement with the inconsistent Section 3.3 concentrations.
External Resources
| Name | Repository | Resource ID |
|---|---|---|
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Primary publication - poultry-wastewater electroactive consortium
Primary laboratory microbial fuel-cell comparison of the exact three-strain consortium and its individual members. |
OTHER | PMID:41594859 |
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Environmental Factors
| Factor | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Operation duration | 30 | days |
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| Maximum consortium power density | 170 | mW/m2 |
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| Chemical oxygen demand removal | 84.4 | percent |
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