Two-member engineered outer-membrane cytochrome perturbation consortium pairing Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 mutant strain SO3ΔmtrC (outer-membrane decaheme c-type cytochrome gene mtrC deleted via pHG1.0 homologous recombination and transformed with pHG13-Ptac-ribADEHC-irrE, Cmr) with Bacillus subtilis 168 strain BS3 (BS2 carrying P43::irrE on pCE2, Cmr) in Moutai brewing wastewater with 0.2 g L^-1 spent LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM) lithium-ion battery cathode black mass (PMID:42733304). Assembled to dissect the outer-membrane c-type cytochrome conduit of the SO3-BS3 consortium (CommunityMech:000385; 452.90 mW m^-2, 102.4 mg L^-1 leached metals), the SO3ΔmtrC-BS3 consortium exhibited a 9.50-fold decrease in microbial fuel cell maximum power density to 47.67 mW m^-2 (Figure 5c) and a 6.13-fold decrease in 14-day total leached Li, Ni, Co, and Mn ions to 16.7 mg L^-1 (Figure 5d), compared with 13.4 mg L^-1 for sole strain BS3 monoculture (CommunityMech:000529).
Taxonomy
| Taxon | Ontology ID | Functional Roles | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO3ΔmtrC — ontology label: Shewanella oneidensis | NCBITaxon:70863 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
ELECTROGEN
ELECTRON_DONOR
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ABUNDANT |
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| Bacillus subtilis 168 BS3 — ontology label: Bacillus subtilis | NCBITaxon:1423 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
SYNTROPHIC_PARTNER
CROSS_FEEDER
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ABUNDANT |
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Ecological Interactions
The graph shows only explicitly linked interaction participants. Community members without an asserted participant link are omitted; membership alone does not imply an interaction.
BS3 Ethanol Detoxification and Riboflavin Shuttle Supply with SO3ΔmtrC
In the SO3ΔmtrC-BS3 consortium, Bacillus subtilis 168 BS3 oxidizes residual brewing-wastewater ethanol to acetate via the P43::adh-aldH dual-enzyme cascade, secretes riboflavin from glucose as an extracellular electron shuttle, and expresses Deinococcus radiodurans IrrE alongside SO3ΔmtrC (which catabolizes lactate and expresses Ptac::ribADEHC-irrE) to maintain syntrophic partner viability during NCM bioleaching.
Participating Taxa: Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO3ΔmtrC, Bacillus subtilis 168 BS3
Metabolites: ethanol (CHEBI:16236 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), acetate (CHEBI:30089 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), riboflavin (CHEBI:17015 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Despite intact ethanol removal, riboflavin synthesis, and IrrE-mediated Ni2+/Co2+ tolerance, deletion of outer-membrane decaheme c-type cytochrome gene mtrC in SO3ΔmtrC severely restricts electron delivery from lactate catabolism to NCM and riboflavin, reducing consortium EET power density to 47.67 mW m^-2 and total leached metals to 16.7 mg L^-1.
Evidence
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PMID:42733304 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"When catalyzing the brewing wastewater‐mediated reduction of NCM for metal oxide leaching, strain BS3 in the SO3‐BS3 consortium eliminated the ethanol inhibition on EET of S. oneidensis by converting residual ethanol in the brewing wastewater into acetate via the Adh‐AldH dual enzyme cascade reaction. Also, strain BS3 synthesized riboflavin, which was employed as an electron shuttle for promoting the EET of S. oneidensis."
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PMID:42733304 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"The deletion of the genes mtrC and omcA was performed in the wild‐type strain S. oneidensis MR‐1, which was subsequently transformed with the plasmid pHG13‐Ptac‐ribADEHC‐irrE, resulting in the mutant strains SO3∆mtrC, SO3∆omcA, and SO3∆mtrC∆omcA."
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PMID:42733304 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"In the process of the brewing wastewater‐mediated reduction of NCM catalyzed by the SO3‐BS3 consortium, strain BS3 eliminated the ethanol inhibition on the EET of S. oneidensis by removing residual ethanol and synthesized riboflavin as the electron shuttle."
Attenuated EET and NCM Metal Oxide Leaching in SO3ΔmtrC-BS3 Consortium
Deletion of outer-membrane decaheme c-type cytochrome gene mtrC in SO3ΔmtrC disrupted both direct outer-membrane cytochrome electron transfer to NCM and MtrC/OmcA-dependent reduction of the riboflavin shuttle, causing the SO3ΔmtrC-BS3 consortium EET maximum power density to drop 9.50-fold to 47.67 mW m^-2 (vs 452.90 mW m^-2 in SO3-BS3, Figure 5c) and 14-day total leached Li, Ni, Co, and Mn ions to drop 6.13-fold to 16.7 mg L^-1 (vs 102.4 mg L^-1 in SO3-BS3 and 13.4 mg L^-1 in sole strain BS3, Figure 5d).
Participating Taxa: Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO3ΔmtrC, Bacillus subtilis 168 BS3
Metabolites: riboflavin (CHEBI:17015 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), lithium(1+) (CHEBI:49713 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), nickel(2+) (CHEBI:49786 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), cobalt(2+) (CHEBI:48828 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), manganese(2+) (CHEBI:29035 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Evidence
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PMID:42733304 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"The results showed that the SO3∆mtrC‐BS3 consortium (47.67 mW m−2), the SO3∆omcA‐BS3 consortium (50.01 mW m−2), and the SO3∆mtrC∆omcA‐BS3 consortium (28.39 mW m−2) showed 9.50‐, 9.05‐, and 15.95‐fold decreases in the EET rate compared to the SO3‐BS3 consortium (452.90 mW m−2), respectively (Figure 5c ), confirming that the disruption of MtrC and OmcA significantly inhibited the EET process in strain SO3."
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PMID:42733304 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"Correspondingly, compared with the total leached metal ions catalyzed by the SO3‐BS3 microbial consortium (102.4 mg L−1), the contents of leached metal ions catalyzed by the SO3∆mtrC‐BS3 consortium (16.7 mg L−1), the SO3∆omcA‐BS3 microbial consortium (18.7 mg L−1), and the SO3∆mtrC∆omcA‐BS3 consortium (13.4 mg L−1) were dramatically decreased by 6.13‐, 5.48‐, and 7.64‐fold, respectively (Figure 5d )."
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PMID:42733304 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"Notably, the leached metal ions catalyzed by the SO3∆mtrC∆omcA‐BS3 consortium (13.4 mg L−1) exhibited negligible difference from that catalyzed by the sole strain BS3 (13.4 mg L−1), suggesting that MtrC and OmcA in S. oneidensis were essential for NCM reduction in metal oxide leaching."
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PMID:42733304 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"The deletion of the genes mtrC and omcA was performed in the wild‐type strain S. oneidensis MR‐1, which was subsequently transformed with the plasmid pHG13‐Ptac‐ribADEHC‐irrE, resulting in the mutant strains SO3∆mtrC, SO3∆omcA, and SO3∆mtrC∆omcA."
Knowledge gaps & discussions (1)
KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN In the SO3ΔmtrC-BS3 perturbation consortium, what is the individual elemental breakdown (Li, Ni, Co, Mn) of the 16.7 mg L^-1 total leachate and what fraction of the residual 47.67 mW m^-2 current is carried by direct cytochrome contact versus riboflavin reduction?
Section 2.5 (Figure 5c,d) of PMID:42733304 reports total leached metal ions (16.7 mg L^-1) and maximum MFC power density (47.67 mW m^-2) for SO3ΔmtrC-BS3, but does not disaggregate individual Li, Ni, Co, and Mn concentrations for the cytochrome-deletion consortia.
Attaches to: ecological_interactions#BS3 Ethanol Detoxification and Riboflavin Shuttle Supply with SO3ΔmtrC, ecological_interactions#Attenuated EET and NCM Metal Oxide Leaching in SO3ΔmtrC-BS3 Consortium
1 evidence item(s)
Correspondingly, compared with the total leached metal ions catalyzed by the SO3‐BS3 microbial consortium (102.4 mg L−1), the contents of leached metal ions catalyzed by the SO3∆mtrC‐BS3 consortium (16.7 mg L−1), the SO3∆omcA‐BS3 microbial consortium (18.7 mg L−1), and the SO3∆mtrC∆omcA‐BS3 consortium (13.4 mg L−1) were dramatically decreased by 6.13‐, 5.48‐, and 7.64‐fold, respectively (Figure 5d ).
Reports total leached metal ions for the cytochrome-mutant consortia without per-element concentrations.
Environmental Factors
| Factor | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| SO3ΔmtrC-BS3 total leached NCM metal ions and MFC power density | 16.7 mg L^-1 total leached metal ions and 47.67 mW m^-2 maximum power density | N/A |
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