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Saccharomyces-Chlamydomonas Fungal-Algal Mutualism

Community ID CommunityMech:000165
Ecological State ENGINEERED
Environment laboratory fungal-algal coculture
ENVO:01001405

A two-member synthetic fungal-algal community pairing Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under engineered laboratory conditions that force reciprocal carbon and nitrogen exchange. Yeast metabolizes glucose and supplies carbon dioxide to the alga, while the alga photosynthetically releases oxygen and converts nitrite into reduced nitrogen that supports yeast growth.

Taxonomy

Taxon Ontology ID Functional Roles Abundance
Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCBITaxon:4932
CROSS_FEEDER SECONDARY_FERMENTER
N/A
  • PMID:24994654 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae"
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii NCBITaxon:3055
PRIMARY_PRODUCER CROSS_FEEDER
N/A
  • PMID:24994654 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii"

Ecological Interactions

Ecological interaction network for Saccharomyces-Chlamydomonas Fungal-Algal Mutualism Bipartite graph where circle nodes represent taxa and colored rectangles represent ecological interactions (cross-feeding, mutualism, syntrophy, competition, commensalism).
Taxon
Cross-feeding
Mutualism
Syntrophy
Competition
Commensalism
Niche partitioning
Colonization facilitation
Strain competition
Predation

Yeast Carbon Dioxide Provisioning

CROSS_FEEDING

Source Taxon: Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Target Taxon: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Metabolites: glucose (CHEBI:17234), carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526)

Biological Processes:

Evidence

  • PMID:24994654 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "S. cerevisiae metabolizes glucose to carbon dioxide"
  • PMID:24994654 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "C. reinhardtii fixes via photosynthesis"

Algal Oxygen Provisioning

CROSS_FEEDING

Source Taxon: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Target Taxon: Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Metabolites: dioxygen (CHEBI:15379)

Biological Processes:

Evidence

  • PMID:24994654 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "C. reinhardtii fixes via photosynthesis"

Algal Reduced Nitrogen Provisioning

CROSS_FEEDING

Source Taxon: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Target Taxon: Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Metabolites: nitrite (CHEBI:16301), ammonia (CHEBI:16134)

Biological Processes:

  • interspecies interaction between organisms (GO:0044419)

Evidence

  • PMID:24994654 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "C. reinhardtii reduces nitrite (NO2−) into ammonia (NH3)"

Associated Datasets

Dataset Type Repository Accession
Yeast-alga early adaptation sequencing data
Raw sequencing data for the later exact-composition S. cerevisiae-C. reinhardtii experimental-evolution study. 		GENOME NCBI_BIOPROJECT PRJNA735257

External Resources

Name Repository Resource ID
Exact-composition publication - fungal-algal obligate mutualism
Primary paper establishing the engineered S. cerevisiae-C. reinhardtii obligate mutualism. 		OTHER PMID:24994654
  • PMID:24994654 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii"
Exact-composition publication - yeast-alga early adaptation
Later experimental-evolution study using the same two-species S. cerevisiae-C. reinhardtii composition. 		OTHER doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01923-8

Environmental Factors

Factor Value Unit
atmospheric carbon dioxide exclusion N/A
  • PMID:24994654 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "preventing access to atmospheric CO2"
glucose and nitrite availability N/A
  • PMID:24994654 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "glucose, or nitrite was omitted from the experiment"

Growth Media

glucose and oxidized-nitrogen synthetic coculture medium

Atmosphere AEROBIC

Preparation notes: Sealed illuminated cocultures used glucose as the yeast carbon source and oxidized nitrogen sources to impose reciprocal carbon and nitrogen dependencies.

Evidence

PMID:24994654

"S. cerevisiae metabolizes glucose to carbon dioxide"

PMID:24994654

"C. reinhardtii reduces nitrite (NO2−) into ammonia (NH3)"