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SynCom ARC Peanut Aflatoxin-Control and Nodulation-Coupling Community

Community ID CommunityMech:000314
Ecological State ENGINEERED
Environment peanut rhizosphere
ENVO:00005801

A four-strain rhizosphere synthetic community — three Bacillus isolates (Bl13-2C11, Ba13-20E05, Bm14-5G09) and one Enterobacter isolate (El17-4B09) — assembled to couple two functions that are normally pursued separately in peanut: suppression of the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus, and induction of rhizobia-legume nodulation. Candidate genera were chosen from cross-regional rhizosphere surveys as taxa negatively correlated with Aspergillus abundance but not with Bradyrhizobium, so that antifungal activity would not come at the cost of the nitrogen- fixing symbiont; strains that inhibited Bradyrhizobium in coculture were screened out on exactly that criterion. The resulting community, SynCom ARC, reduced peanut aflatoxin by 85.6% across four years of field trials and enhanced nodulation and nitrogenase activity while retaining active nodules at harvest. The record captures the community as a deliberately compatibility- constrained consortium: its design problem is not maximal antifungal potency but antagonism of the pathogen that spares a mutualist.

Taxonomy

Taxon Ontology ID Functional Roles Abundance
Bacillus (ARC strains Bl13-2C11, Ba13-20E05, Bm14-5G09) NCBITaxon:1386 N/A
  • PMID:42099455 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "3 Bacillus (Bl13‐2C11, Ba13‐20E05, Bm14‐5G09) and 1 Enterobacter (El17‐4B09) were selected for further study"
Enterobacter (ARC strain El17-4B09) NCBITaxon:547 N/A
  • PMID:42099455 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "nine strains demonstrated an aflatoxin inhibition rate exceeding 95%: 7 Bacillus, 2 Enterobacter"
Bradyrhizobium PHNZY-24-6 NCBITaxon:374
NITROGEN_FIXING_SYMBIONT
N/A
  • PMID:42099455 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "3 Bacillus inhibited Bradyrhizobium"
Aspergillus flavus NCBITaxon:5059 N/A
  • PMID:42099455 - SUPPORT (IN_VIVO)
    "SynCom ARC inhibits A. flavus growth and reduces peanut aflatoxin levels by 85.6% in 4 year field trials"
peanut NCBITaxon:3818 N/A
  • PMID:42099455 - SUPPORT (IN_VIVO)
    "SynCom ARC enhances peanut nodulation and nitrogenase activity"

Ecological Interactions

Ecological interaction network for SynCom ARC Peanut Aflatoxin-Control and Nodulation-Coupling Community Bipartite graph where circle nodes represent taxa and each ecological interaction is drawn as a distinct non-circular symbol, with colour repeating the same distinction (competition, colonization facilitation).
Taxon
Competition
Colonization facilitation

SynCom ARC Suppression of Aspergillus flavus

COMPETITION

Evidence

  • PMID:42099455 - SUPPORT (IN_VIVO)
    "SynCom ARC inhibits A. flavus growth and reduces peanut aflatoxin levels by 85.6% in 4 year field trials"

SynCom ARC Induction of Rhizobia-Legume Nodulation

COLONIZATION_FACILITATION

Evidence

  • PMID:42099455 - SUPPORT (IN_VIVO)
    "SynCom ARC enhances peanut nodulation and nitrogenase activity, retains active nodules at harvest"

Environmental Factors

Factor Value Unit
Multi-year multi-site field trial 4 years; 325 sites across 19 provinces N/A
  • PMID:42099455 - SUPPORT (IN_VIVO)
    "boosts yield without super nodulation penalty in 325 sites of 19 provinces"

Growth Media

peanut medium, for the ARC/A. flavus co-culture

Temperature 28 °C
Atmosphere AEROBIC

Composition

Component Concentration Unit CHEBI
potato infusion 200 g/L N/A
dextrose 20 g/L CHEBI:17234
peanut flour 1.5 g/L N/A

Preparation notes: Autoclaved 20 min at 121 C. This is the medium in which the SynCom meets its target: A. flavus at 5x10^5 spores/mL and the bacterial strain at 1x10^7 CFU/mL, with an A. flavus-only control. Quoted from the SUPPLEMENTARY methods, which is where this paper puts them -- the article body says only 'Co-cultured with A. flavus in liquid medium'. That text is appended to the reference cache under its own marker so the quote validates (#653).

Evidence

PMID:42099455

"And then A. flavus was mixed with the bacteria strain in a 100-mL flask containing 15 mL of peanut medium (potato 200 g/L, dextrose 20 g/L, and peanut flour 1.5 g/L; autoclaved for 20 min at 121"

PMID:42099455

"The final concentrations of A. flavus was 5×105 spores/mL and that of the bacterial strain was 1×107 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL."

PMID:42099455

"The mixtures were incubated with constant shaking (200 rpm) for 4 d."

LB medium, for the ARC bacterial strains

Temperature 28 °C
Atmosphere AEROBIC

Preparation notes: Grown to provide the bacterial partner, then counted by plate count. Pure isolates were separately held in LB broth at 28 C and 180 rpm to logarithmic phase before glycerol storage -- a different speed, kept in prose rather than overwriting the co-culture figure. Quoted from the SUPPLEMENTARY methods, which is where this paper puts them -- the article body says only 'Co-cultured with A. flavus in liquid medium'. That text is appended to the reference cache under its own marker so the quote validates (#653).

Evidence

PMID:42099455

"Bacteria strain was grown in LB medium for 24 h at 28 ˚C with shaking at 200 rpm."

PMID:42099455

"Pure isolates were cultured in LB broth at 28°C with shaking at 180 rpm to the logarithmic phase, mixed 1:1 with 50% sterile glycerol, and stored at "

TY medium, for Bradyrhizobium

pH 7.0
Temperature 28 °C
Atmosphere AEROBIC

Composition

Component Concentration Unit CHEBI
tryptone 5 g/L N/A
yeast extract 3 g/L N/A
calcium chloride 10 mM CHEBI:3312

Preparation notes: The rhizobial partner is grown apart from the SynCom and from A. flavus; its own medium because no vessel held all three. Quoted from the SUPPLEMENTARY methods, which is where this paper puts them -- the article body says only 'Co-cultured with A. flavus in liquid medium'. That text is appended to the reference cache under its own marker so the quote validates (#653).

Evidence

PMID:42099455

"The Bradyrhizobium strain was grown in TY medium (5 g/L tryptone, 3 g/L yeast extract, 10 mM CaCl2, pH 7.0) at 28"