A five-member synthetic microbial community containing nitrifiers and ureolytic heterotrophs for urine nitrification.
Taxonomy
| Taxon | Ontology ID | Functional Roles | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrosomonas europaea | NCBITaxon:915 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
CROSS_FEEDER
|
N/A |
|
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| Nitrobacter winogradskyi | NCBITaxon:913 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
CROSS_FEEDER
|
N/A |
|
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| Pseudomonas fluorescens | NCBITaxon:294 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
CROSS_FEEDER
|
N/A |
|
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| Acidovorax delafieldii | NCBITaxon:47920 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
CROSS_FEEDER
|
N/A |
|
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| Delftia acidovorans | NCBITaxon:80866 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
CROSS_FEEDER
|
N/A |
|
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Ecological Interactions
The graph shows only explicitly linked interaction participants. Community members without an asserted participant link are omitted; membership alone does not imply an interaction.
Ureolytic Heterotroph Ammonium Release
The three named ureolytic heterotrophs provide the urine-urea hydrolysis function that releases ammonium for nitrification in the assembled community. The abstract identifies this guild but does not quantify each member contribution or establish equal or individually essential ureolytic activity.
Participating Taxa: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acidovorax delafieldii, Delftia acidovorans
Metabolites: urea (CHEBI:16199 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), ammonium (CHEBI:28938 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Ureolytic ammonium release supplies the substrate for ammonia oxidation within the urine-fed community, followed by nitrite oxidation. This functional route does not connect urine hydrolysis as the cause of the separate ammonium-fed reactor-1 salt-adaptation result.
Evidence
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PMID:31623889 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"three ureolytic heterotrophs (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acidovorax delafieldii, and Delftia acidovorans)"
Ammonia and nitrite oxidation by the nitrifier pair
CROSS_FEEDINGNitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi supply the ammonia-oxidation and nitrite-oxidation functions, respectively. Nitrite delivery links these complementary nitrifier roles. The ammonium-fed pair was separately salt-adapted in reactor 1 up to 45 mS/cm while removing 44 +/- 10 mg ammonium-N/L/day; this is not a measured salinity or removal rate for the five-member urine-fed reactor 2.
Participating Taxa: Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrobacter winogradskyi
Metabolites: ammonium (CHEBI:28938 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), nitrate (CHEBI:17632 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Biological Processes:
- ammonia oxidation (GO:0019329 · PathwayMech)
The complementary ammonia- and nitrite-oxidation functions enable nitrate output from hydrolyzed urine nitrogen in the five-member reactor. The reactor-1 salt tolerance and removal benchmark are not transferred to reactor 2.
Evidence
-
PMID:31623889 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"salt adaptation of the ammonium-fed AOB and NOB co-culture was possible up to 45mScm-1"
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PMID:31623889 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"In this study, a synthetic microbial community containing an AOB (Nitrosomonas europaea), NOB (Nitrobacter winogradskyi), and three ureolytic heterotrophs (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acidovorax delafieldii, and Delftia acidovorans) was compiled and evaluated for these challenges."
Nitrifier-Heterotroph Urine Conversion
The five-member urine-fed community in reactor 2 produced nitrate at 15 +/- 6 mg nitrate-N/L/day with 1 percent synthetic and 10 percent fresh real urine, respectively. Separate fresh-real-urine batch activity tests reached 29 +/- 3 mg N/L/day. These are distinct assay outcomes, not rates to combine with the reactor-1 salt challenge. The reported organic removal still required optimization; nitrate production is not proof of spaceflight performance or fertilizer readiness.
Participating Taxa: Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrobacter winogradskyi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acidovorax delafieldii, Delftia acidovorans
Metabolites: urea (CHEBI:16199 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), ammonium (CHEBI:28938 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), nitrate (CHEBI:17632 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Biological Processes:
- ammonia oxidation (GO:0019329 · PathwayMech)
Evidence
-
PMID:31623889 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"In this study, a synthetic microbial community containing an AOB (Nitrosomonas europaea), NOB (Nitrobacter winogradskyi), and three ureolytic heterotrophs (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acidovorax delafieldii, and Delftia acidovorans) was compiled and evaluated for these challenges."
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PMID:31623889 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"the nitrifiers and ureolytic heterotrophs were fed with urine and achieved a 15±6mg NO3--NL-1d-1 production rate"
Knowledge gaps & discussions (1)
KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN How do individual heterotroph contributions and reactor conditions control urine nitrification?
This review uses the final-publication abstract, not the restricted full paper or the earlier thesis chapter. It distinguishes reactor 1, reactor 2 and batch activity assays. Exact individual ureolysis contributions and perturbation details remain unresolved; the space-fertilizer motivation is not an experimental endpoint.
Attaches to: ecological_interactions#Ureolytic Heterotroph Ammonium Release, ecological_interactions#Ammonia and nitrite oxidation by the nitrifier pair, ecological_interactions#Nitrifier-Heterotroph Urine Conversion
1 evidence item(s)
three ureolytic heterotrophs (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acidovorax delafieldii, and Delftia acidovorans)
Identifies the three ureolytic heterotrophs in the urine-fed synthetic microbial community.
Environmental Factors
| Factor | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| defined synthetic community design | Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrobacter winogradskyi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acidovorax delafieldii, and Delftia acidovorans were compiled. | N/A |
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Growth Media
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