A defined two-fungus mixed culture of Ramichloridium apiculatum CMS-1 and Talaromyces pseudofuniculosus hzt-3′ grown with wollastonite in modified Czapek liquid medium. The source study varied the CMS-1:hzt-3′ inoculation ratio and found that 20% CMS-1 plus 80% hzt-3′ gave the strongest Ca2+ and Si4+ leaching, with CMS-1-derived extracellular polysaccharides and proteins cross-feeding hzt-3′ organic-acid and amino-acid production.
Taxonomy
| Taxon | Ontology ID | Functional Roles | Abundance |
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| Ramichloridium apiculatum CMS-1 — ontology label: Ramichloridium apiculatum | NCBITaxon:470080 · TaxonMech · TraitMech | N/A | |
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| Talaromyces pseudofuniculosus hzt-3′ — ontology label: Talaromyces pseudofuniculosus | NCBITaxon:2015341 · TaxonMech · TraitMech |
CROSS_FEEDER
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N/A |
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Ecological Interactions
The graph shows only explicitly linked interaction participants. Community members without an asserted participant link are omitted; membership alone does not imply an interaction.
Hypothesized CMS-1 Extracellular Polymer Cross-Feeding
HYPOTHESIZED: CMS-1 extracellular products may support hzt-3′ metabolism in the mixed fungal culture. The source proposes this direction from bulk polysaccharide, protein and metabolite patterns; it does not trace CMS-1-derived material into hzt-3′. Medium sucrose consumption also contributes to the measured carbohydrate decline. Retain the proposed interaction without presenting direct transfer or recipient-specific production as demonstrated.
Source Taxon: Ramichloridium apiculatum CMS-1
Target Taxon: Talaromyces pseudofuniculosus hzt-3′
Metabolites: polysaccharide (CHEBI:18154 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), protein (CHEBI:36080 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
Biological Processes:
- interspecies interaction between organisms (GO:0044419 · PathwayMech)
HYPOTHESIZED: consumption of CMS-1 products could enable greater hzt-3′ acid and amino-acid production. Bulk culture comparisons support metabolic changes but do not isolate this transfer as their necessary cause or distinguish it from consumption of supplied sucrose.
Evidence
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PMID:42478817 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"In mixed culture, CMS-1 synthesized extracellular polysaccharides and proteins that were utilized by hzt-3′"
Mixed-Culture Organic-Acid and Amino-Acid Upregulation
The tested 20% CMS-1 plus 80% hzt-3′ culture showed increased total organic acids and selected amino acids relative to pure cultures. Pure CMS-1 chiefly produced oxalic acid, while pure hzt-3′ chiefly produced gluconic acid. These are bulk concentrations, not gene-expression measurements or proof of recipient-specific synthesis after cross-feeding. Individual compounds did not all increase: mixed-culture oxalic acid was much lower.
Participating Taxa: Ramichloridium apiculatum CMS-1, Talaromyces pseudofuniculosus hzt-3′
Metabolites: oxalic acid (CHEBI:16995 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), gluconic acid (CHEBI:24266 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech), amino acid (CHEBI:33709 · MediaIngredientMech · CMMMech)
PARTIAL: increased acidic metabolites and lower pH are consistent with enhanced acid dissolution and complexation driving wollastonite leaching. The culture-ratio comparison supports this mechanism but does not selectively establish which acid or amino acid is necessary, or partition chemical dissolution from physical disruption.
Evidence
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PMID:42478817 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"The strain CMS-1 primarily produced oxalic acid (0.66 ± 0.033 mg/mL), while strain hzt-3′ mainly generated gluconic acid (1.60 ± 0.0798 mg/mL)."
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PMID:42478817 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"hzt-3′, which upregulated the production of gluconic acid, isocitric acid, L-glutamine, and L-tyrosine"
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PMID:42478817 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"The total organic acid production ranked as follows: 20% CMS-1 + 80% hzt-3′ > 100% hzt-3′ > 100% CMS-1."
Optimized Wollastonite Calcium and Silicon Leaching
The 20% CMS-1 plus 80% hzt-3′ input ratio gave the greatest wollastonite leaching among the tested ratios: 79.95% +/- 6.37% calcium and 18.59% +/- 0.11% silicon at day 12. Residue analyses support altered mineral structure. These positive outcomes do not demonstrate niche partitioning, quantify a separate hyphal-force contribution or measure net CO2 sequestration.
Participating Taxa: Ramichloridium apiculatum CMS-1, Talaromyces pseudofuniculosus hzt-3′
Evidence
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PMID:42478817 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)"The 20% CMS-1 + 80% hzt-3′ ratio achieved leaching efficiency of 79.95% ± 6.37% for Ca2+ and 18.59% ± 0.11% for Si4+"
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PMID:42478817 - PARTIAL (IN_VITRO)"surface cracks and grooves on leaching residues indicated additional biophysical disruption"
Knowledge gaps & discussions (1)
KNOWLEDGE_GAP OPEN Which processes mediate the mixed-culture leaching improvement?
The source demonstrates culture-ratio effects and bulk chemical changes. Direct CMS-1-to-hzt-3′ transfer, cell-specific synthesis, necessary individual metabolites and a separately quantified hyphal-force contribution remain unresolved. The proposed cross-feeding-to-acid-to-leaching chain is retained as qualified existing topology, not a traced flux pathway or a net-carbon-removal measurement.
Attaches to: ecological_interactions#Hypothesized CMS-1 Extracellular Polymer Cross-Feeding, ecological_interactions#Mixed-Culture Organic-Acid and Amino-Acid Upregulation, ecological_interactions#Optimized Wollastonite Calcium and Silicon Leaching
1 evidence item(s)
In mixed culture, CMS-1 synthesized extracellular polysaccharides and proteins that were utilized by hzt-3′
Environmental Factors
| Factor | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Optimum CMS-1:hzt-3′ inoculation ratio | 20% Ramichloridium apiculatum CMS-1 plus 80% Talaromyces pseudofuniculosus hzt-3′ | N/A |
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| Wollastonite loading | 0.5 | g per 100 mL medium |
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| Shake-flask incubation | 30 | C; 150 rpm |
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