daunorubicin
CHEBI:41977 EXACT SEEDED antimicrobial unspecifiedcytotoxic
What these status tags mean
Curation status describes a workflow state. SEEDED means the record entered through the source-seeding workflow; it does not imply that no later curation occurred. PROPOSED marks an addition awaiting review; REVIEWED records curator sign-off on identity, structure, filing class and producer claims; DEPRECATED retains a superseded or out-of-scope record. These are workflow decisions, not independently verified human review. Agent-assisted contributions may appear in the record history.
Grounding describes the identifier mapping: EXACT uses an ontology identity asserted by the source; MINTED keeps a local identifier when no defensible ontology identity is available; REVIEW_NEEDED flags an exact structure whose ontology identity needs adjudication. The grounding note retains any unresolved alternatives. These tags do not establish the strength of producer or activity evidence.
A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.
Structure
| Standard InChIKey | STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N |
|---|---|
| SMILES | C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C(C4=C(C(=C23)O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C=CC=C5OC)O)(C(=O)C)O)N)O |
| Stereochemistry | fully defined |
| Cross-references | pubchem:30323 |
Filing pathway
Polyketides — computed by NPClassifier npclassifier.gnps2.org@2026-09-07, which is why it is pinned rather than recomputed. The gene cluster's asserted class is pks, from MIBiG.
Producer organisms 1
A claim that this taxon makes the compound. The basis says what the evidence addressed — a knockout and a database assertion are not the same claim.
| Taxon | Basis | Cluster | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Streptomyces sp. NCBITaxon:1931 |
SOURCE_ASSERTION | mibig:BGC0000217 | PMID:7928998 |
Occurrences 25
Somebody found the compound in this organism and cited it. That is not a claim that the organism makes it, and nothing here promotes one to the other.
| Taxon | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NCBITaxon:116188 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.7164/ANTIBIOTICS.33.1158 |
| Streptomyces NCBITaxon:1883 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1021/NP049826V |
| Streptomyces griseus NCBITaxon:1911 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1002/JOBM.3630240102 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1002/JOBM.201200302 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1007/BF02811416 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1007/S11274-013-1442-X |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1016/J.ABB.2004.03.011 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1016/J.IJBIOMAC.2010.01.019 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1016/J.IJBIOMAC.2013.11.007 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1016/J.JBIOTEC.2017.12.024 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1016/J.MICRES.2009.04.002 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1016/J.MICRES.2018.05.007 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1016/J.PEP.2009.05.012 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1038/NBT0198-69 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1073/PNAS.86.9.3135 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1073/PNAS.88.19.8553 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1074/JBC.M113.536136 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1099/00221287-146-6-1457 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1099/13500872-141-4-1007 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1107/S2053230X15014272 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1111/J.1574-6968.2010.01905.X |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1111/J.1574-6968.2010.01948.X |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1128/JB.174.5.1641-1646.1992 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1128/JB.177.22.6688-6692.1995 |
| Streptomyces peucetius NCBITaxon:1950 |
LOTUS | DOI:10.1128/JB.177.5.1208-1215.1995 |
Biosynthetic gene clusters 1
| Accession | Host | Locus evidence | Genome |
|---|---|---|---|
| mibig:BGC0000217 | Streptomyces sp. NCBITaxon:1931 |
CLUSTER_UNSTATED | genbank:L34880.1 |
A locus claim and a taxon claim are different questions. Heterologous expression settles the first and leaves the second where the isolation report left it.
Biosynthesis curated
Written by a curator with claim-level evidence on each step; not derived from a source. This is what the rest of the record exists to support.
| Step | Enzyme | Reaction | Substrate → product | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | S. peucetius DnrK sequence reference UniProtKB:Q06528 |
ungrounded → CHEBI:41977 | https://github.com/mite-standard/mite_data/blob/6eacd913b2036376031072f69cbb33908f132998/mite_data/data/MITE0000492.json |
Step 1: MITE0000492-reported carminomycin 4-O-methyltransferase reaction converting carminomycin to daunorubicin (CHEBI:41977) by Streptomyces peucetius DnrK (UniProtKB:Q06528, AAA26712.1 on L13453.1 / AAA99001.1 on L40425.1). Synchronizes biosynthetic_pathway with the existing MITE-backed causal_graph without upgrading producer or locus evidence grades.
Mechanism & Biosynthesis Overview
Causal graph — bioactivity 4 nodes, 4 edges
Daunorubicin inhibition of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 PfUDN ATPase and DNA-unwinding activities.
| Subject | Predicate | Object | Notes | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. falciparum PfUDN fragment | has activity | PfUDN ssDNA-dependent ATPase activity | The expressed PfUDN construct spans amino acids 35-727 of the 1441 aa P. falciparum 3D7 Q8I3W6 DNA 3'-5' helicase. | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0049385
|
| P. falciparum PfUDN fragment | has activity | PfUDN DNA unwinding activity | The expressed PfUDN construct spans amino acids 35-727 of the 1441 aa P. falciparum 3D7 Q8I3W6 DNA 3'-5' helicase. | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0049385
|
| daunorubicin | inhibits | PfUDN ssDNA-dependent ATPase activity | PubChem AID 1802684 captures the daunorubicin 4.4 uM IC50 against P. falciparum DNA helicase [35-727]. | DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-15-9
|
| daunorubicin | inhibits | PfUDN DNA unwinding activity | PubChem AID 1802685 captures the daunorubicin 3.0 uM IC50 against P. falciparum DNA helicase [35-727]. | DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-15-9
|
Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.
Causal graph — biosynthesis 4 nodes, 3 edges
Database-asserted DnrK carminomycin methylation yielding the exact daunorubicin structure. The S. peucetius sequence reference is verified against two genomic DNA deposits; primary experiments were not inspected. This does not assign DnrK to the owner's distinct BGC0000217/L34880.1 source or upgrade producer evidence. Existing PfUDN bioactivity context and the AntibioticMech link are untouched; not full-record sign-off.
| Subject | Predicate | Object | Notes | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. peucetius DnrK sequence reference | is_database_reported_catalyst_of | Database-reported carminomycin 4-O-methylation | Protein identity and function are separate claims. The sequence-grounded S. peucetius reference is not asserted to be from the owner's BGC0000217/NCBITaxon:1931 source. No initiator processing, PDB-chain identity, catalytic residue, physiological oligomer, rate or assay condition is claimed. | https://github.com/mite-standard/mite_data/blob/6eacd913b2036376031072f69cbb33908f132998/mite_data/data/MITE0000492.json |
| Carminomycin, database-reported substrate | is_database_reported_substrate_of | Database-reported carminomycin 4-O-methylation | MITE and UniProt name carminomycin as the substrate. No external substrate identifier, protonation-state equivalence or additional upstream step is assigned. | https://github.com/mite-standard/mite_data/blob/6eacd913b2036376031072f69cbb33908f132998/mite_data/data/MITE0000492.json |
| Database-reported carminomycin 4-O-methylation | has_database_reported_product | daunorubicin | Pinned MITE product SMILES matches the full owner InChIKey STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N and defined stereochemistry using the repository structure helper and RDKit2026.03.5. No additional downstream doxorubicin step or claim of pathway finality is inferred. Producer/BGC grades, occurrences and all existing bioactivity evidence remain unchanged. | https://github.com/mite-standard/mite_data/blob/6eacd913b2036376031072f69cbb33908f132998/mite_data/data/MITE0000492.json |
Every edge carries its own citation; an uncited edge is refused by the corpus tests.
Bioactivities 25
Entries preserve source qualifiers, targets and evidence. Repeated assay names or values are not independent replications; inspect source detail for differences.
| Assay | Result | Target enzyme | Source detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A) small molecule agonists, cell-based qHTS assay | OTHER 21.3138 uM; ACTIVE | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1963587
|
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A) small molecule agonists, cell-based qHTS assay | OTHER 21.3138 uM; ACTIVE | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1963587
|
| A CellTox Green Cytotoxicity Assay to monitor cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells - 0 hour | OTHER 26.8325 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1224869
|
| A CellTox Green Cytotoxicity Assay to monitor cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells - 16 hour | OTHER 26.8325 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1224888
|
| A CellTox Green Cytotoxicity Assay to monitor cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells - 8 hour | OTHER 26.8325 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1224884
|
| A CellTox Green Cytotoxicity Assay to monitor cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells - 0 hour | OTHER 26.8325 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1224882
|
| A CellTox Green Cytotoxicity Assay to monitor cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells - 16 hour | OTHER 26.8325 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1224876
|
| A CellTox Green Cytotoxicity Assay to monitor cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells - 24 hour | OTHER 26.8325 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1224878
|
| A CellTox Green Cytotoxicity Assay to monitor cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells - 32 hour | OTHER 0.0301 uM; ACTIVE | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1224883
|
| A CellTox Green Cytotoxicity Assay to monitor cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells - 40 hour | OTHER 0.0239 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1224879
|
| A CellTox Green Cytotoxicity Assay to monitor cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells - 8 hour | OTHER 26.8325 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1224890
|
| A High-Content qHTS Against Drug Library for the Identification of Small Molecules that Inhibit DYT1 Early Onset Primary Dystonia-Associated Cell Pathology | OTHER 1.5849 uM; ACTIVE | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1645839
|
| A High-Content qHTS Against Drug Library for the Identification of Small Molecules that Inhibit DYT1 Early Onset Primary Dystonia-Associated Cell Pathology | OTHER 1.5849 uM; ACTIVE | UniProtKB:O14656 | pubchem.aid:1645839
|
| A quantitative high throughput screen for small molecules that induce DNA re-replication in SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cells. | OTHER 5.3091 uM; INACTIVE | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:624297
|
| Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) small molecule antagonists: colormetric cell-based qHTS assay | OTHER 27.5404 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1347395
|
| Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) small molecule antagonists: fluorescence cell-based qHTS assay | OTHER 38.9018 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1347398
|
| Adrenergic beta2 receptor (ADRB2) small molecule agonists, cell-based qHTS assay: Summary | OTHER 0.35476 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:2061107
|
| Adrenergic beta2 receptor (ADRB2) small molecule agonists, cell-based qHTS assay: Summary | OTHER 0.35476 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:2061107
|
| Adrenergic beta2 receptor (ADRB2) small molecule antagonists, cell-based qHTS assay | OTHER 29.8493 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1963592
|
| Adrenergic beta2 receptor (ADRB2) small molecule antagonists, cell-based qHTS assay | OTHER 29.8493 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:1963592
|
| BET inhibitor-based combinations targeting novel dependencies in MECOM-rearranged (r) AML: AML-191 cell line | OTHER 0.1864 uM; ACTIVE | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:2202236
|
| BET inhibitor-based combinations targeting novel dependencies in MECOM-rearranged (r) AML: AML-194 cell line | OTHER 0.0833 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:2202237
|
| BET inhibitor-based combinations targeting novel dependencies in MECOM-rearranged (r) AML: HNT-34 cell line | OTHER 0.1481 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:2202234
|
| BET inhibitor-based combinations targeting novel dependencies in MECOM-rearranged (r) AML: MV-4-11 cell line | OTHER 0.059 uM; NOT_DETERMINED | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:2202233
|
| BET inhibitor-based combinations targeting novel dependencies in MECOM-rearranged (r) AML: OCI-AML3 cell line | OTHER 0.0934 uM; ACTIVE | Not recorded | pubchem.aid:2202232
|
Elsewhere in the fleet
- AntibioticMech — CHEBI:41977 (same structure, same inchikey)
Explore across X-Mech
Provenance
| Source concept | Source | Version |
|---|---|---|
| BGC0000217 | MIBIG | 5 |
| CHEBI:41977 | CHEBI | 3-star |
This page is generated from data/natural_products/polyketides/daunorubicin.yaml, which is generated from the committed inventories. Neither is edited by hand.