glycerol degradation V

MetaCyc:GLYCEROLMETAB-PWY

glycerol degradation V oxidizes glycerol with NAD(+) to dihydroxyacetone, then phosphorylates dihydroxyacetone with phosphoenolpyruvate to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate and pyruvate.

Pathway type

carbohydrate degradation

Organism scope

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 NCBITaxon:511145

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Pathway network

12 nodes · 12 asserted directed edges

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Reaction / activity
Chemical / cofactor
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Solid arrow: mechanistic relation
Dashed arrow: membership, location or cofactor relation

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Components and activities

Declared biological components and source reaction directions
Node	Kind or role	Source direction
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 `NCBITaxon:511145`	taxon
glycerol dehydrogenase `EC:1.1.1.6`	molecular activity
dihydroxyacetone kinase `EC:2.7.1.121`	molecular activity
glycerol `CHEBI:17754`	small molecule
NAD(+) `CHEBI:57540`	small molecule
dihydroxyacetone `CHEBI:16016`	small molecule
NADH `CHEBI:57945`	small molecule
H(+) `CHEBI:15378`	small molecule
phosphoenolpyruvate `CHEBI:58702`	small molecule
dihydroxyacetone phosphate `CHEBI:57642`	small molecule
pyruvate `CHEBI:15361`	small molecule
dihydroxyacetone kinase reaction `RHEA:18382`	reaction	left to right
glycerol dehydrogenase reaction `RHEA:13770`	reaction	left to right

Mechanistic edges

Mechanistic edges and their cited evidence
Subject	Predicate and description	Object	Evidence
dihydroxyacetone `CHEBI:16016`	consumes	dihydroxyacetone kinase reaction `RHEA:18382`	RHEA:18382 Source assertion: Rhea lists CHEBI:16016 on the substrates side of RHEA:18382 in this directed reaction. Source location `rdf:Description[@rdf:about='http://rdf.rhea-db.org/18382']/rh:substrates; rh:contains/rh:compound/rh:accession`
phosphoenolpyruvate `CHEBI:58702`	consumes	dihydroxyacetone kinase reaction `RHEA:18382`	RHEA:18382 Source assertion: Rhea lists CHEBI:58702 on the substrates side of RHEA:18382 in this directed reaction. Source location `rdf:Description[@rdf:about='http://rdf.rhea-db.org/18382']/rh:substrates; rh:contains/rh:compound/rh:accession`
dihydroxyacetone kinase reaction `RHEA:18382`	produces	pyruvate `CHEBI:15361`	RHEA:18382 Source assertion: Rhea lists CHEBI:15361 on the products side of RHEA:18382 in this directed reaction. Source location `rdf:Description[@rdf:about='http://rdf.rhea-db.org/18382']/rh:products; rh:contains/rh:compound/rh:accession`
dihydroxyacetone kinase reaction `RHEA:18382`	produces	dihydroxyacetone phosphate `CHEBI:57642`	RHEA:18382 Source assertion: Rhea lists CHEBI:57642 on the products side of RHEA:18382 in this directed reaction. Source location `rdf:Description[@rdf:about='http://rdf.rhea-db.org/18382']/rh:products; rh:contains/rh:compound/rh:accession`
glycerol `CHEBI:17754`	consumes	glycerol dehydrogenase reaction `RHEA:13770`	RHEA:13770 Source assertion: Rhea lists CHEBI:17754 on the substrates side of RHEA:13770 in this directed reaction. Source location `rdf:Description[@rdf:about='http://rdf.rhea-db.org/13770']/rh:substrates; rh:contains/rh:compound/rh:accession`
NAD(+) `CHEBI:57540`	consumes	glycerol dehydrogenase reaction `RHEA:13770`	RHEA:13770 Source assertion: Rhea lists CHEBI:57540 on the substrates side of RHEA:13770 in this directed reaction. Source location `rdf:Description[@rdf:about='http://rdf.rhea-db.org/13770']/rh:substrates; rh:contains/rh:compound/rh:accession`
glycerol dehydrogenase reaction `RHEA:13770`	produces	H(+) `CHEBI:15378`	RHEA:13770 Source assertion: Rhea lists CHEBI:15378 on the products side of RHEA:13770 in this directed reaction. Source location `rdf:Description[@rdf:about='http://rdf.rhea-db.org/13770']/rh:products; rh:contains/rh:compound/rh:accession`
glycerol dehydrogenase reaction `RHEA:13770`	produces	dihydroxyacetone `CHEBI:16016`	RHEA:13770 Source assertion: Rhea lists CHEBI:16016 on the products side of RHEA:13770 in this directed reaction. Source location `rdf:Description[@rdf:about='http://rdf.rhea-db.org/13770']/rh:products; rh:contains/rh:compound/rh:accession`
glycerol dehydrogenase reaction `RHEA:13770`	produces	NADH `CHEBI:57945`	RHEA:13770 Source assertion: Rhea lists CHEBI:57945 on the products side of RHEA:13770 in this directed reaction. Source location `rdf:Description[@rdf:about='http://rdf.rhea-db.org/13770']/rh:products; rh:contains/rh:compound/rh:accession`
glycerol dehydrogenase `EC:1.1.1.6`	catalyzes	glycerol dehydrogenase reaction `RHEA:13770`	RHEA:13769 Source assertion: Rhea associates EC:1.1.1.6 with the reaction family containing RHEA:13770. Source location `rh:ec`
dihydroxyacetone kinase `EC:2.7.1.121`	catalyzes	dihydroxyacetone kinase reaction `RHEA:18382`	RHEA:18381 Source assertion: Rhea associates EC:2.7.1.121 with the reaction family containing RHEA:18382. Source location `rh:ec`
glycerol dehydrogenase reaction `RHEA:13770`	precedes	dihydroxyacetone kinase reaction `RHEA:18382`	MetaCyc:GLYCEROLMETAB-PWY Source assertion: MetaCyc pathway ordering places RHEA:13770 before RHEA:18382 in this pathway. Shared intermediate: CHEBI:16016. Source location `Pathway/reaction-ordering and reaction-layout; Rhea-to-MetaCyc cross-references`

References

MetaCyc:GLYCEROLMETAB-PWY MetaCyc glycerol degradation V (source version: 22.5)
RHEA:13769 Rhea glycerol dehydrogenase reaction (source version: 139)
RHEA:13772 Rhea bidirectional glycerol dehydrogenase reaction (source version: 139)
RHEA:18381 Rhea dihydroxyacetone kinase reaction (source version: 139)
RHEA:18382 Rhea dihydroxyacetone-phosphate-forming direction (source version: 139)
RHEA:13770 RHEA:13770 authority record (source version: 139)

Curation history

2026-10-05T04:18:18Z codex
- EDIT — Align NCBITaxon:511145 label with the pinned authority
  Corrected the taxon label from Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655 to Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, matching the independently extracted NCBITaxon 2026-05-13 canonical label in data/identifier_authorities/ontology.json. The identifier and biological scope are unchanged. Discovered by the blocking identifier gate for issue #229; tracked by #243.
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2026-10-05T06:25:52Z codex
- EDIT — Review causal chemistry and add sourced molecular context
  Reviewed the entire record against MetaCyc 22.5 native pathway XML (including nested pathways), Rhea 139 explicit sides and directions, ENZYME 02-Sep-2026, PubMed records, and reviewed UniProt 2026_03 annotations within the record's taxon scope. Replaced generated structured-source quotations with source_assertion and source_locator. Typed molecular activities and participants. Reaction count 2 to 2; 1 directed-ID corrections; 0 protein annotations, 0 cofactor annotations and 0 sourced locations. All Rhea reaction substrate/product sets checked against independent Rhea authority; native pathway leaf coverage and source exceptions recorded in reports/causal_graph_review/metacyc-review.json. Full source URLs, versions and byte hashes are in metacyc-sources.json. All 50 MetaCyc records passed native schema validation; six targeted chemistry/evidence regression tests passed. Missing protein or cofactor annotations are not treated as biological absence; qualifications and exclusions are preserved in the ledger.
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