adenosylcobinamide-GDP salvage from cobinamide I

MetaCyc:PWY-7971

The Escherichia coli K-12 activation subpathway converts cob(II)inamide to adenosylcobinamide-GDP. It retains all five native reactions: binding to corrinoid adenosyltransferase, reduction of the bound corrinoid, adenosyl transfer and release, ATP-dependent phosphorylation, and guanylyl transfer. The reduction can occur spontaneously; the complete generic flavoprotein donor and bound-enzyme states do not identify a specific E. coli electron donor or oligomer. BtuR and CobU functional assignments are supported by native annotation, similarity and genetic evidence, not purified E. coli reconstitution of every step. Two native PathBank CobU role/location projections each contain two P0AE76 subunits; they are not asserted to be distinct enzyme species or formally identical objects. The homodimer and activities retain annotation/inference limits, without claiming monomer sufficiency. BtuR mutants retain anaerobic cobinamide utilization in the tested conditions; no universal BtuR requirement is asserted. This record uses Rhea charge forms and stops at adenosylcobinamide-GDP, before nucleotide-loop assembly. It does not include the net activation reaction as a second parallel conversion, corrin-ring synthesis, transport or complete cobalamin salvage.

Pathway type

corrinoid salvage and activation

Organism scope

Escherichia coli K-12 NCBITaxon:83333

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Pathway network

26 nodes · 38 asserted directed edges

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Components and activities

Declared biological components and source reaction directions
Node	Kind or role	Source direction
Escherichia coli K-12 `NCBITaxon:83333`	taxon
cob(II)inamide `CHEBI:141013`	small molecule
apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA-COMP:14743`	protein
cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA-COMP:14966`	protein
reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] `RHEA-COMP:10686`	protein
cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA-COMP:16964`	protein
oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] `RHEA-COMP:10685`	protein
hydron `CHEBI:15378`	small molecule
ATP(4-) `CHEBI:30616`	small molecule
adenosylcobinamide `CHEBI:2480`	small molecule
triphosphate(5-) `CHEBI:18036`	small molecule
adenosylcobinamide phosphate(1-) `CHEBI:58502`	small molecule
ADP(3-) `CHEBI:456216`	small molecule
GTP(4-) `CHEBI:37565`	small molecule
adenosylcobinamide guanosyl diphosphate(1-) `CHEBI:60487`	small molecule
diphosphate(3-) `CHEBI:33019`	small molecule
Corrinoid adenosyltransferase `UniProtKB:P0A9H5`	protein
Bifunctional adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis protein CobU `UniProtKB:P0AE76`	protein
cobinamide kinase `PathBank:SMP0001898/ProteinComplex/3868`	complex
cobinamide-P guanyltransferase `PathBank:SMP0001898/ProteinComplex/3869_Cytosol`	complex
cytosol `GO:0005829`	cellular component
cob(II)inamide + apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] => cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA:57689`	molecular activity	left to right
2 cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] => 2 cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 3 H(+) `RHEA:57693`	reaction	left to right
cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + ATP => apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + adenosylcob(III)inamide + triphosphate `RHEA:57697`	molecular activity	left to right
adenosylcob(III)inamide + ATP => adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + ADP + H(+) `RHEA:15770`	molecular activity	left to right
adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + GTP + H(+) => adenosylcob(III)inamide-GDP + diphosphate `RHEA:22713`	molecular activity	left to right

Mechanistic edges

Mechanistic edges and their cited evidence
Subject	Predicate and description	Object	Evidence
cob(II)inamide `CHEBI:141013`	consumes Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	cob(II)inamide + apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] => cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA:57689`	RHEA:57688 Source assertion: RHEA:57689 substrates contain CHEBI:141013 with coefficient 1; the compound is cob(II)inamide. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57689 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57688_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57688_compound_14747; rh:compound/rh:accession`
apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA-COMP:14743`	consumes Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction. This is a whole generic protein state, not its isolated reactive part or an identified E. coli sequence.	cob(II)inamide + apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] => cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA:57689`	RHEA:57688 Source assertion: RHEA:57689 substrates contain GENERIC:14743 with coefficient 1; the compound is apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase]. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57689 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57688_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57688_compound_14743; rh:compound/rh:accession`
cob(II)inamide + apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] => cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA:57689`	produces Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction. This is a whole generic protein state, not its isolated reactive part or an identified E. coli sequence.	cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA-COMP:14966`	RHEA:57688 Source assertion: RHEA:57689 products contain GENERIC:14966 with coefficient 1; the compound is cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase]. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57689 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57688_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57688_compound_14966; rh:compound/rh:accession`
cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA-COMP:14966`	consumes Coefficient 2 in the selected Rhea direction. This is a whole generic protein state, not its isolated reactive part or an identified E. coli sequence. The bound-corrinoid reduction can occur spontaneously; no separate reductase or specific physiological electron donor is assigned.	2 cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] => 2 cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 3 H(+) `RHEA:57693`	RHEA:57692 Source assertion: RHEA:57693 substrates contain GENERIC:14966 with coefficient 2; the compound is cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase]. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57693 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57692_L rh:contains2 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57692_compound_14966; rh:compound/rh:accession`
reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] `RHEA-COMP:10686`	consumes Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction. This is a whole generic protein state, not its isolated reactive part or an identified E. coli sequence. The bound-corrinoid reduction can occur spontaneously; no separate reductase or specific physiological electron donor is assigned.	2 cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] => 2 cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 3 H(+) `RHEA:57693`	RHEA:57692 Source assertion: RHEA:57693 substrates contain GENERIC:10686 with coefficient 1; the compound is reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57693 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57692_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57692_compound_10686; rh:compound/rh:accession`
2 cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] => 2 cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 3 H(+) `RHEA:57693`	produces Coefficient 2 in the selected Rhea direction. This is a whole generic protein state, not its isolated reactive part or an identified E. coli sequence. The bound-corrinoid reduction can occur spontaneously; no separate reductase or specific physiological electron donor is assigned.	cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA-COMP:16964`	RHEA:57692 Source assertion: RHEA:57693 products contain GENERIC:16964 with coefficient 2; the compound is cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase]. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57693 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57692_R rh:contains2 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57692_compound_16964; rh:compound/rh:accession`
2 cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] => 2 cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 3 H(+) `RHEA:57693`	produces Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction. This is a whole generic protein state, not its isolated reactive part or an identified E. coli sequence. The bound-corrinoid reduction can occur spontaneously; no separate reductase or specific physiological electron donor is assigned.	oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] `RHEA-COMP:10685`	RHEA:57692 Source assertion: RHEA:57693 products contain GENERIC:10685 with coefficient 1; the compound is oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57693 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57692_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57692_compound_10685; rh:compound/rh:accession`
2 cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] => 2 cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 3 H(+) `RHEA:57693`	produces Coefficient 3 in the selected Rhea direction. The bound-corrinoid reduction can occur spontaneously; no separate reductase or specific physiological electron donor is assigned.	hydron `CHEBI:15378`	RHEA:57692 Source assertion: RHEA:57693 products contain CHEBI:15378 with coefficient 3; the compound is H(+). Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57693 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57692_R rh:contains3 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57692_compound_3249; rh:compound/rh:accession` MetaCyc:RXN-19338 Source assertion: RXN-19338 is spontaneous and produces 2 PROTON, whereas the selected Rhea142 reaction produces 3 H(+). The graph consistently uses the Rhea charge convention, not the old native proton coefficient. Source location `Reaction[@frameid='RXN-19338']/spontaneous; right[Compound/@frameid='PROTON']/coefficient`
cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA-COMP:16964`	consumes Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction. This is a whole generic protein state, not its isolated reactive part or an identified E. coli sequence.	cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + ATP => apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + adenosylcob(III)inamide + triphosphate `RHEA:57697`	RHEA:57696 Source assertion: RHEA:57697 substrates contain GENERIC:16964 with coefficient 1; the compound is cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase]. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57697 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57696_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57696_compound_16964; rh:compound/rh:accession`
ATP(4-) `CHEBI:30616`	consumes Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + ATP => apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + adenosylcob(III)inamide + triphosphate `RHEA:57697`	RHEA:57696 Source assertion: RHEA:57697 substrates contain CHEBI:30616 with coefficient 1; the compound is ATP. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57697 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57696_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57696_compound_6372; rh:compound/rh:accession`
cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + ATP => apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + adenosylcob(III)inamide + triphosphate `RHEA:57697`	produces Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction. This is a whole generic protein state, not its isolated reactive part or an identified E. coli sequence.	apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA-COMP:14743`	RHEA:57696 Source assertion: RHEA:57697 products contain GENERIC:14743 with coefficient 1; the compound is apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase]. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57697 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57696_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57696_compound_14743; rh:compound/rh:accession`
cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + ATP => apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + adenosylcob(III)inamide + triphosphate `RHEA:57697`	produces Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	adenosylcobinamide `CHEBI:2480`	RHEA:57696 Source assertion: RHEA:57697 products contain CHEBI:2480 with coefficient 1; the compound is adenosylcob(III)inamide. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57697 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57696_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57696_compound_4575; rh:compound/rh:accession`
cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + ATP => apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + adenosylcob(III)inamide + triphosphate `RHEA:57697`	produces Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	triphosphate(5-) `CHEBI:18036`	RHEA:57696 Source assertion: RHEA:57697 products contain CHEBI:18036 with coefficient 1; the compound is triphosphate. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57697 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57696_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57696_compound_5288; rh:compound/rh:accession`
adenosylcobinamide `CHEBI:2480`	consumes Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	adenosylcob(III)inamide + ATP => adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + ADP + H(+) `RHEA:15770`	RHEA:15769 Source assertion: RHEA:15770 substrates contain CHEBI:2480 with coefficient 1; the compound is adenosylcob(III)inamide. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15770 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15769_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_15769_compound_4575; rh:compound/rh:accession`
ATP(4-) `CHEBI:30616`	consumes Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	adenosylcob(III)inamide + ATP => adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + ADP + H(+) `RHEA:15770`	RHEA:15769 Source assertion: RHEA:15770 substrates contain CHEBI:30616 with coefficient 1; the compound is ATP. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15770 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15769_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_15769_compound_6372; rh:compound/rh:accession`
adenosylcob(III)inamide + ATP => adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + ADP + H(+) `RHEA:15770`	produces Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	adenosylcobinamide phosphate(1-) `CHEBI:58502`	RHEA:15769 Source assertion: RHEA:15770 products contain CHEBI:58502 with coefficient 1; the compound is adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15770 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15769_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_15769_compound_3151; rh:compound/rh:accession`
adenosylcob(III)inamide + ATP => adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + ADP + H(+) `RHEA:15770`	produces Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	ADP(3-) `CHEBI:456216`	RHEA:15769 Source assertion: RHEA:15770 products contain CHEBI:456216 with coefficient 1; the compound is ADP. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15770 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15769_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_15769_compound_2710; rh:compound/rh:accession`
adenosylcob(III)inamide + ATP => adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + ADP + H(+) `RHEA:15770`	produces Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	hydron `CHEBI:15378`	RHEA:15769 Source assertion: RHEA:15770 products contain CHEBI:15378 with coefficient 1; the compound is H(+). Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15770 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15769_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_15769_compound_3249; rh:compound/rh:accession`
adenosylcobinamide phosphate(1-) `CHEBI:58502`	consumes Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + GTP + H(+) => adenosylcob(III)inamide-GDP + diphosphate `RHEA:22713`	RHEA:22712 Source assertion: RHEA:22713 substrates contain CHEBI:58502 with coefficient 1; the compound is adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22713 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22712_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_22712_compound_3151; rh:compound/rh:accession`
GTP(4-) `CHEBI:37565`	consumes Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + GTP + H(+) => adenosylcob(III)inamide-GDP + diphosphate `RHEA:22713`	RHEA:22712 Source assertion: RHEA:22713 substrates contain CHEBI:37565 with coefficient 1; the compound is GTP. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22713 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22712_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_22712_compound_6355; rh:compound/rh:accession`
hydron `CHEBI:15378`	consumes Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + GTP + H(+) => adenosylcob(III)inamide-GDP + diphosphate `RHEA:22713`	RHEA:22712 Source assertion: RHEA:22713 substrates contain CHEBI:15378 with coefficient 1; the compound is H(+). Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22713 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22712_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_22712_compound_3249; rh:compound/rh:accession`
adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + GTP + H(+) => adenosylcob(III)inamide-GDP + diphosphate `RHEA:22713`	produces Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	adenosylcobinamide guanosyl diphosphate(1-) `CHEBI:60487`	RHEA:22712 Source assertion: RHEA:22713 products contain CHEBI:60487 with coefficient 1; the compound is adenosylcob(III)inamide-GDP. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22713 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22712_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_22712_compound_6530; rh:compound/rh:accession`
adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + GTP + H(+) => adenosylcob(III)inamide-GDP + diphosphate `RHEA:22713`	produces Coefficient 1 in the selected Rhea direction.	diphosphate(3-) `CHEBI:33019`	RHEA:22712 Source assertion: RHEA:22713 products contain CHEBI:33019 with coefficient 1; the compound is diphosphate. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22713 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22712_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_22712_compound_2106; rh:compound/rh:accession`
Corrinoid adenosyltransferase `UniProtKB:P0A9H5`	enables BtuR has the annotated cobinamide adenosyltransferase role. Assignment to the adenosyl-transfer component follows the native composite decomposition and matching Rhea chemistry; it is not a purified E. coli component assay or a claim that a monomer is sufficient. K-12 genetics supports this role, with anaerobic bypass; the feeding experiment did not isolate the charged component reaction.	cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + ATP => apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + adenosylcob(III)inamide + triphosphate `RHEA:57697`	UniProtKB:P0A9H5 Source assertion: The ECOLI protein unifies with P0A9H5 and catalyzes BTUR2-RXN through BTUR2-ENZRXN. Its comment bases the cobinamide assignment on sequence similarity and heterologous complementation. Source location `Protein[@frameid='COBALADENOSYLTRANS-MONOMER']/dblink[dblink-db='UNIPROT']; catalyzes/Enzymatic-Reaction[@frameid='BTUR2-ENZRXN']; comment` MetaCyc:BTUR2-RXN Source assertion: The cobinamide adenosyltransferase composite contains RXN-19342, RXN-19338 and RXN-19343 and unifies with RHEA:14726. The selected component RXN-19343 performs adenosyl transfer. Source location `Reaction[@frameid='BTUR2-RXN']/reaction-list; dblink[dblink-db='RHEA']` RHEA:57696 Source assertion: RHEA:57697 explicitly cross-references MetaCyc RXN-19343 and converts bound cob(I)inamide plus ATP to apo-enzyme, adenosylcob(III)inamide and triphosphate. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57697 rdfs:seeAlso; rh:substrates; rh:products` UniProtKB:P0A9H5 Source assertion: The native BTUR2-ENZRXN assignment explicitly carries EV-COMP-HINF-FN-FROM-SEQ evidence citing PMID:7916712. This is inferred function, not a direct E. coli enzyme assay. Source location `https://pathway.yeastgenome.org/getxml?ECOLI:BTUR2-ENZRXN; Enzymatic-Reaction/evidence; enzyme; reaction` PMID:7592411 Source assertion: K-12 W3110 DNA supplied cob genes by complementation. Tables 2 and 3 and the btuR results distinguish aerobic cobinamide dependence from anaerobic utilization by btuR mutants. Source location `Full primary PDF pp. 6373, 6375-6376; Cloning the E. coli cob genes by complementation; Tables 2/3; btuR results` PMID:7592411 mutants can also convert cobinamide to cobalamin under anaerobic conditions Source location `Full primary PDF p.6376, btuR results paragraph`
cobinamide kinase `PathBank:SMP0001898/ProteinComplex/3868`	catalyzes This source-defined CobU homodimer projection carries the indicated activity. Its two P0AE76 subunits and reaction control are explicit in PathBank; reviewed catalytic assignment is by similarity to Q05599. The two native projections are not asserted to be different enzyme species or joined by a sameAs assertion.	adenosylcob(III)inamide + ATP => adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + ADP + H(+) `RHEA:15770`	PathBank:SMP0001898 Source assertion: ReactionCatalysis/5113 assigns ProteinComplex/3868 as controller of Reactions/5140; its left-to-right chemical equation is the ATP-dependent kinase conversion. Source location `PW001884.owl#ReactionCatalysis/5113/bp:controller; bp:controlled; #Reactions/5140/bp:left; bp:right; bp:name; bp:conversionDirection` UniProtKB:P0AE76 Source assertion: The reviewed catalytic-activity comment assigns RHEA:15769, with ECO:0000250 evidence from UniProtKB:Q05599; the SUBUNIT comment says homodimer by similarity. Source location `comments[commentType="CATALYTIC ACTIVITY"].reaction[reactionCrossReferences.id="RHEA:15769"]; evidences; comments[commentType="SUBUNIT"]` RHEA:15769 Source assertion: RHEA:15769 lists RHEA:15770 as a directional reaction; its substrates and products select the forward salvage direction. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15769 rh:directionalReaction; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15770 rh:substrates; rh:products`
cobinamide-P guanyltransferase `PathBank:SMP0001898/ProteinComplex/3869_Cytosol`	catalyzes This source-defined CobU homodimer projection carries the indicated activity. Its two P0AE76 subunits and reaction control are explicit in PathBank; reviewed catalytic assignment is by similarity to Q05599. The two native projections are not asserted to be different enzyme species or joined by a sameAs assertion. Native Reactions/5141 has a copied kinase EC/display label; its chemical sides and current UniProt/Rhea identify guanylyl transfer instead.	adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + GTP + H(+) => adenosylcob(III)inamide-GDP + diphosphate `RHEA:22713`	PathBank:SMP0001898 Source assertion: ReactionCatalysis/5114 assigns ProteinComplex/3869_Cytosol as controller of Reactions/5141; its left-to-right chemical equation is the GTP-dependent guanylyltransferase conversion. Source location `PW001884.owl#ReactionCatalysis/5114/bp:controller; bp:controlled; #Reactions/5141/bp:left; bp:right; bp:name; bp:conversionDirection` UniProtKB:P0AE76 Source assertion: The reviewed catalytic-activity comment assigns RHEA:22712, with ECO:0000250 evidence from UniProtKB:Q05599; the SUBUNIT comment says homodimer by similarity. Source location `comments[commentType="CATALYTIC ACTIVITY"].reaction[reactionCrossReferences.id="RHEA:22712"]; evidences; comments[commentType="SUBUNIT"]` RHEA:22712 Source assertion: RHEA:22712 lists RHEA:22713 as a directional reaction; its substrates and products select the forward salvage direction. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22712 rh:directionalReaction; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22713 rh:substrates; rh:products`
cob(II)inamide + apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] => cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA:57689`	part_of This is one of the five reactions of the native activation subpathway. Native and Rhea component identities are reconciled without adding the composite net reaction. K-12 scope combines native MG1655 annotation with W3110-derived genetics, not a claim of primary testing in every substrain.	`MetaCyc:PWY-7971`	MetaCyc:PWY-7971 Source assertion: PWY-7971 explicitly lists RXN-19342 and selects its left-to-right direction. Source location `Pathway[@frameid="PWY-7971"]/reaction-list; reaction-layout[Reaction/@frameid="RXN-19342"]` RHEA:57688 Source assertion: RHEA:57689 cross-references MetaCyc RXN-19342; its master RHEA:57688 lists this directional reaction. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57689 rdfs:seeAlso http://identifiers.org/biocyc/METACYC:RXN-19342; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57688 rh:directionalReaction` MetaCyc:PWY-7971 Source assertion: PWY-7971 includes Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 and experimental mutant-phenotype evidence citing PMID:7592411; this source also contains a Salmonella scope not represented here. Source location `Pathway[@frameid='PWY-7971']/species; evidence`
2 cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] => 2 cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 3 H(+) `RHEA:57693`	part_of This is one of the five reactions of the native activation subpathway. Native and Rhea component identities are reconciled without adding the composite net reaction.	`MetaCyc:PWY-7971`	MetaCyc:PWY-7971 Source assertion: PWY-7971 explicitly lists RXN-19338 and selects its left-to-right direction. Source location `Pathway[@frameid="PWY-7971"]/reaction-list; reaction-layout[Reaction/@frameid="RXN-19338"]` MetaCyc:RXN-19338 Source assertion: RXN-19338 reduces two bound cob(II)inamide states (CPD-20906) to bound cob(I)inamide (CPD-20907), with reduced/oxidized flavoproteins. This is the selected chemical correspondence, with the proton coefficient difference retained. Source location `Reaction[@frameid='RXN-19338']/left; right; spontaneous` RHEA:57692 Source assertion: RHEA:57692 lists directional RHEA:57693 and the same bound-corrinoid reduction with whole reduced/oxidized flavoproteins; Rhea uses coefficient 3 for H(+). No native cross-reference is claimed for this component. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57692 rh:directionalReaction; rh:equation; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57692_R rh:contains3`
cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + ATP => apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + adenosylcob(III)inamide + triphosphate `RHEA:57697`	part_of This is one of the five reactions of the native activation subpathway. Native and Rhea component identities are reconciled without adding the composite net reaction.	`MetaCyc:PWY-7971`	MetaCyc:PWY-7971 Source assertion: PWY-7971 explicitly lists RXN-19343 and selects its left-to-right direction. Source location `Pathway[@frameid="PWY-7971"]/reaction-list; reaction-layout[Reaction/@frameid="RXN-19343"]` RHEA:57696 Source assertion: RHEA:57697 cross-references MetaCyc RXN-19343; its master RHEA:57696 lists this directional reaction. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57697 rdfs:seeAlso http://identifiers.org/biocyc/METACYC:RXN-19343; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57696 rh:directionalReaction`
adenosylcob(III)inamide + ATP => adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + ADP + H(+) `RHEA:15770`	part_of This is one of the five reactions of the native activation subpathway. Native and Rhea component identities are reconciled without adding the composite net reaction.	`MetaCyc:PWY-7971`	MetaCyc:PWY-7971 Source assertion: PWY-7971 explicitly lists COBINAMIDEKIN-RXN and selects its left-to-right direction. Source location `Pathway[@frameid="PWY-7971"]/reaction-list; reaction-layout[Reaction/@frameid="COBINAMIDEKIN-RXN"]` RHEA:15769 Source assertion: RHEA:15770 cross-references MetaCyc COBINAMIDEKIN-RXN; its master RHEA:15769 lists this directional reaction. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15770 rdfs:seeAlso http://identifiers.org/biocyc/METACYC:COBINAMIDEKIN-RXN; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15769 rh:directionalReaction`
adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + GTP + H(+) => adenosylcob(III)inamide-GDP + diphosphate `RHEA:22713`	part_of This is one of the five reactions of the native activation subpathway. Native and Rhea component identities are reconciled without adding the composite net reaction.	`MetaCyc:PWY-7971`	MetaCyc:PWY-7971 Source assertion: PWY-7971 explicitly lists COBINPGUANYLYLTRANS-RXN and selects its left-to-right direction. Source location `Pathway[@frameid="PWY-7971"]/reaction-list; reaction-layout[Reaction/@frameid="COBINPGUANYLYLTRANS-RXN"]` RHEA:22712 Source assertion: RHEA:22713 cross-references MetaCyc COBINPGUANYLYLTRANS-RXN; its master RHEA:22712 lists this directional reaction. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22713 rdfs:seeAlso http://identifiers.org/biocyc/METACYC:COBINPGUANYLYLTRANS-RXN; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22712 rh:directionalReaction`
cob(II)inamide + apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] => cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] `RHEA:57689`	provides_input_for The reactions share this exact chemical or whole bound-protein state. Different equation scaling is retained; this edge does not assert physical channeling or a protein complex.	2 cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] => 2 cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 3 H(+) `RHEA:57693`	RHEA:57688 Source assertion: RHEA:57689 produces RHEA-COMP:14966 with coefficient 1. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57689 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57688_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57688_compound_14966; rh:compound/rh:accession` RHEA:57692 Source assertion: RHEA:57693 consumes RHEA-COMP:14966 with coefficient 2. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57693 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57692_L rh:contains2 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57692_compound_14966; rh:compound/rh:accession`
2 cob(II)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] => 2 cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 3 H(+) `RHEA:57693`	provides_input_for The reactions share this exact chemical or whole bound-protein state. Different equation scaling is retained; this edge does not assert physical channeling or a protein complex.	cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + ATP => apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + adenosylcob(III)inamide + triphosphate `RHEA:57697`	RHEA:57692 Source assertion: RHEA:57693 produces RHEA-COMP:16964 with coefficient 2. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57693 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57692_R rh:contains2 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57692_compound_16964; rh:compound/rh:accession` RHEA:57696 Source assertion: RHEA:57697 consumes RHEA-COMP:16964 with coefficient 1. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57697 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57696_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57696_compound_16964; rh:compound/rh:accession`
cob(I)inamide-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + ATP => apo-[corrinoid adenosyltransferase] + adenosylcob(III)inamide + triphosphate `RHEA:57697`	provides_input_for The reactions share this exact chemical or whole bound-protein state. Different equation scaling is retained; this edge does not assert physical channeling or a protein complex.	adenosylcob(III)inamide + ATP => adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + ADP + H(+) `RHEA:15770`	RHEA:57696 Source assertion: RHEA:57697 produces CHEBI:2480 with coefficient 1. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57697 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/57696_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_57696_compound_4575; rh:compound/rh:accession` RHEA:15769 Source assertion: RHEA:15770 consumes CHEBI:2480 with coefficient 1. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15770 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15769_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_15769_compound_4575; rh:compound/rh:accession`
adenosylcob(III)inamide + ATP => adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + ADP + H(+) `RHEA:15770`	provides_input_for The reactions share this exact chemical or whole bound-protein state. Different equation scaling is retained; this edge does not assert physical channeling or a protein complex.	adenosylcob(III)inamide phosphate + GTP + H(+) => adenosylcob(III)inamide-GDP + diphosphate `RHEA:22713`	RHEA:15769 Source assertion: RHEA:15770 produces CHEBI:58502 with coefficient 1. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15770 rh:products; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/15769_R rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_15769_compound_3151; rh:compound/rh:accession` RHEA:22712 Source assertion: RHEA:22713 consumes CHEBI:58502 with coefficient 1. Source location `http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22713 rh:substrates; http://rdf.rhea-db.org/22712_L rh:contains1 http://rdf.rhea-db.org/Participant_22712_compound_3151; rh:compound/rh:accession`
Bifunctional adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis protein CobU `UniProtKB:P0AE76`	part_of The source declares coefficient 2 of CobU in this role/location projection. UniProt calls CobU a homodimer by similarity; native membership is not an independent structural determination.	cobinamide kinase `PathBank:SMP0001898/ProteinComplex/3868`	PathBank:SMP0001898 Source assertion: ProteinComplex/3868 contains Protein/6232 with stoichiometricCoefficient 2.0; its ProteinReference/6232 has the UniProt P0AE76 unification cross-reference. Source location `PW001884.owl#ProteinComplex/3868/bp:component; bp:componentStoichiometry; #Protein/6232/Stoichiometry/2.0; #ProteinReference/6232/bp:xref; #Reference/UniProt_P0AE76` UniProtKB:P0AE76 Source assertion: The SUBUNIT comment states Homodimer with ECO:0000250 evidence (by similarity). Source location `comments[commentType="SUBUNIT"].texts`
Bifunctional adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis protein CobU `UniProtKB:P0AE76`	part_of The source declares coefficient 2 of CobU in this role/location projection. UniProt calls CobU a homodimer by similarity; native membership is not an independent structural determination.	cobinamide-P guanyltransferase `PathBank:SMP0001898/ProteinComplex/3869_Cytosol`	PathBank:SMP0001898 Source assertion: ProteinComplex/3869_Cytosol contains Protein/6232_Cytosol with stoichiometricCoefficient 2.0; its ProteinReference/6232 has the UniProt P0AE76 unification cross-reference. Source location `PW001884.owl#ProteinComplex/3869_Cytosol/bp:component; bp:componentStoichiometry; #Protein/6232_Cytosol/Stoichiometry/2.0; #ProteinReference/6232/bp:xref; #Reference/UniProt_P0AE76` UniProtKB:P0AE76 Source assertion: The SUBUNIT comment states Homodimer with ECO:0000250 evidence (by similarity). Source location `comments[commentType="SUBUNIT"].texts`
cobinamide-P guanyltransferase `PathBank:SMP0001898/ProteinComplex/3869_Cytosol`	located_in Only the explicitly localized native CobU projection receives the cytosol edge; location is not automatically copied to the other projection.	cytosol `GO:0005829`	PathBank:SMP0001898 Source assertion: ProteinComplex/3869_Cytosol has cellularLocation CellularLocation/Cytosol, whose unification xref is GO:0005829. Source location `PW001884.owl#ProteinComplex/3869_Cytosol/bp:cellularLocation; #CellularLocation/Cytosol/bp:xref; #Reference/GENE_ONTOLOGY_GO_0005829`

References

MetaCyc:PWY-7971 MetaCyc PWY-7971 native activation definition (source version: Public MetaCyc Pathway Tools 22.5 XML; retrieved 2026-10-10; exact response-body digest)
MetaCyc:BTUR2-RXN MetaCyc BTUR2-RXN native activation definition (source version: Public MetaCyc Pathway Tools 22.5 XML; retrieved 2026-10-10; exact response-body digest)
MetaCyc:RXN-19338 MetaCyc native spontaneous bound-corrinoid reduction (source version: Public MetaCyc Pathway Tools 22.5 XML; retrieved 2026-10-10; exact response-body digest)
RHEA:57688 Rhea 57688 and left-to-right 57689 (source version: Rhea142, 2026-09-02; digest covers complete compressed official RDF)
RHEA:57692 Rhea 57692 and left-to-right 57693 (source version: Rhea142, 2026-09-02; digest covers complete compressed official RDF)
RHEA:57696 Rhea 57696 and left-to-right 57697 (source version: Rhea142, 2026-09-02; digest covers complete compressed official RDF)
RHEA:15769 Rhea 15769 and left-to-right 15770 (source version: Rhea142, 2026-09-02; digest covers complete compressed official RDF)
RHEA:22712 Rhea 22712 and left-to-right 22713 (source version: Rhea142, 2026-09-02; digest covers complete compressed official RDF)
UniProtKB:P0A9H5 EcoCyc native P0A9H5/BtuR protein and cobinamide assignment (source version: Public EcoCyc Pathway Tools22.5 XML, explicit UniProt P0A9H5 crosswalk; retrieved2026-10-10; exact XML response digest)
UniProtKB:P0AE76 Reviewed UniProt CobU catalytic and subunit annotations (source version: UniProt2026_03; retrieved2026-10-10; exact JSON response digest)
PMID:7592411 The cobalamin (coenzyme B12) biosynthetic genes of Escherichia coli. (source version: Full primary1995 paper; retrieved2026-10-10; DOI10.1128/jb.177.22.6371-6380.1995; exact PDF response digest)
PathBank:SMP0001898 PathBank native adenosylcobalamin salvage diagram, CobU role and location projections (source version: Native PW001884.owl member; retrieved2026-10-10; digest covers exact uncompressed member bytes, not the ZIP; wider source pathway is not claimed covered)

Curation history

2026-10-11T00:09:36Z codex
- CREATE — Add the five-step cobinamide activation pathway with verified bound-protein states
  Created exact MetaCyc PWY-7971 with all five native reaction members, Rhea-directed chemistry and complete generic carrier states. Preserved two native CobU assembly projections, their subunit composition and source-specific compartment context. BtuR evidence remains annotation/similarity-qualified and retains anaerobic genetic limitations. Documented native proton-coefficient and copied EC-label conflicts. Author source-to-graph replay and balance checks passed; shared authority integration and independent scientific review follow before publication. Evidence: research/pathway_additions/2026-10-10-salvage/activation-curation.md and activation-validation.json.
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