methylglyoxal catabolism

gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901

Methylglyoxal catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C converts methylglyoxal and glutathionate to (R)-S-lactoylglutathionate through GLO1 lactoylglutathione lyase activity, then hydrolyzes (R)-S-lactoylglutathionate to (R)-lactate and regenerates glutathionate through GLO2 and GLO4 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activities.

Pathway type

detoxification

Organism scope

Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C NCBITaxon:559292

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Pathway network

17 nodes · 26 asserted directed edges

Arrows show recorded subject → object relationships, not necessarily metabolic flow. Select a node for details or an arrow for evidence. Scroll, zoom or find a node to explore.

Reaction / activity
Chemical / cofactor
Protein / complex
Cell / process context
Solid arrow: mechanistic relation
Dashed arrow: membership, location or cofactor relation

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Components and activities

Declared biological components and source reaction directions
Node	Kind or role	Source direction
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C `NCBITaxon:559292`	taxon
methylglyoxal catabolic process `GO:0051596`	biological process
glutathionate(1-) `CHEBI:57925`	small molecule
(R)-lactate `CHEBI:16004`	small molecule
hydron `CHEBI:15378`	small molecule
methylglyoxal `CHEBI:17158`	small molecule
(R)-S-lactoylglutathionate(1-) `CHEBI:57474`	small molecule
GLO2 Scer `SGD:S000002680`	protein
cytosol `GO:0005829`	cellular component
water `CHEBI:15377`	small molecule
GLO1 Scer `SGD:S000004463`	protein
GLO4 Scer `SGD:S000005566`	protein
cytoplasm `GO:0005737`	cellular component
mitochondrial matrix `GO:0005759`	cellular component
zinc(2+) `CHEBI:29105`	cofactor
lactoylglutathione lyase activity `gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN`	molecular activity
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN`	molecular activity
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777`	molecular activity

Mechanistic edges

Mechanistic edges and their cited evidence
Subject	Predicate and description	Object	Evidence
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777`	part_of	methylglyoxal catabolic process `GO:0051596`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777 BFO:0000050 gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/YeastPathways_PWY-901. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/0; endpoint types: /individuals/26/type; /individuals/25/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777`	has_output	glutathionate(1-) `CHEBI:57925`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777 RO:0002234 gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000781. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/1; endpoint types: /individuals/26/type; /individuals/30/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777`	has_output	(R)-lactate `CHEBI:16004`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777 RO:0002234 gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000780. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/2; endpoint types: /individuals/26/type; /individuals/29/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN`	has_output	hydron `CHEBI:15378`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN RO:0002234 gomodel:CHEBI_15378_GLYOXII-RXN. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/3; endpoint types: /individuals/8/type; /individuals/1/type`
lactoylglutathione lyase activity `gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN`	has_input	glutathionate(1-) `CHEBI:57925`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN RO:0002233 gomodel:CHEBI_57925_GLYOXI-RXN. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/4; endpoint types: /individuals/7/type; /individuals/5/type`
lactoylglutathione lyase activity `gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN`	has_input	methylglyoxal `CHEBI:17158`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN RO:0002233 gomodel:CHEBI_17158_GLYOXI-RXN. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/5; endpoint types: /individuals/7/type; /individuals/3/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN`	has_input	(R)-S-lactoylglutathionate(1-) `CHEBI:57474`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN RO:0002233 gomodel:CHEBI_57474_GLYOXI-RXN. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/6; endpoint types: /individuals/8/type; /individuals/4/type`
GLO2 Scer `SGD:S000002680`	enables	hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN RO:0002333 gomodel:YDR272W-MONOMER_GLYOXII-RXN_controller. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/7; endpoint types: /individuals/8/type; /individuals/9/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777`	has_input	(R)-S-lactoylglutathionate(1-) `CHEBI:57474`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777 RO:0002233 gomodel:CHEBI_57474_GLYOXI-RXN. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/9; endpoint types: /individuals/26/type; /individuals/4/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777`	has_input	water `CHEBI:15377`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777 RO:0002233 gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000778. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/10; endpoint types: /individuals/26/type; /individuals/27/type`
GLO1 Scer `SGD:S000004463`	enables	lactoylglutathione lyase activity `gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN RO:0002333 gomodel:YML004C-MONOMER_GLYOXI-RXN_controller. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/11; endpoint types: /individuals/7/type; /individuals/10/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN`	has_input	water `CHEBI:15377`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN RO:0002233 gomodel:CHEBI_15377_GLYOXII-RXN. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/12; endpoint types: /individuals/8/type; /individuals/0/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN`	occurs_in	cytosol `GO:0005829`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN BFO:0000066 gomodel:reaction_GLYOXII-RXN_location_lociGO_0005829. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/13; endpoint types: /individuals/8/type; /individuals/24/type`
lactoylglutathione lyase activity `gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN`	has_output	(R)-S-lactoylglutathionate(1-) `CHEBI:57474`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN RO:0002234 gomodel:CHEBI_57474_GLYOXI-RXN. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/14; endpoint types: /individuals/7/type; /individuals/4/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777`	has_output	hydron `CHEBI:15378`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777 RO:0002234 gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000779. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/15; endpoint types: /individuals/26/type; /individuals/28/type`
lactoylglutathione lyase activity `gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN`	part_of	methylglyoxal catabolic process `GO:0051596`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN BFO:0000050 gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/YeastPathways_PWY-901. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/16; endpoint types: /individuals/7/type; /individuals/25/type`
lactoylglutathione lyase activity `gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN`	occurs_in	cytosol `GO:0005829`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXI-RXN BFO:0000066 gomodel:reaction_GLYOXI-RXN_location_lociGO_0005829. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/17; endpoint types: /individuals/7/type; /individuals/23/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN`	has_output	(R)-lactate `CHEBI:16004`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN RO:0002234 gomodel:CHEBI_16004_GLYOXII-RXN. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/18; endpoint types: /individuals/8/type; /individuals/2/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN`	part_of	methylglyoxal catabolic process `GO:0051596`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN BFO:0000050 gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/YeastPathways_PWY-901. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/19; endpoint types: /individuals/8/type; /individuals/25/type`
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN`	has_output	glutathionate(1-) `CHEBI:57925`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:GLYOXII-RXN RO:0002234 gomodel:CHEBI_57925_GLYOXII-RXN. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/20; endpoint types: /individuals/8/type; /individuals/6/type`
GLO4 Scer `SGD:S000005566`	enables	hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity `gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777`	gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 Source assertion: The model asserts gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000777 RO:0002333 gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901/6a46ef0600000783. Source location `./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json#/facts/21; endpoint types: /individuals/26/type; /individuals/31/type`
GLO2 Scer `SGD:S000002680`	located_in Physical protein location from reviewed UniProt. ECO:0000269 (PubMed:9261170)	cytoplasm `GO:0005737`	UniProtKB:Q05584 Source assertion: UniProtKB:Q05584 annotates location Cytoplasm (SL-0086). Source location `https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?query=taxonomy_id%3A559292+AND+reviewed%3Atrue&format=json&fields=accession%2Cprotein_name%2Cxref_sgd%2Ccc_subcellular_location%2Ccc_function%2Ccc_caution%2Corganism_id#/results/2679/comments/1/subcellularLocations/0; sha256=95f72dcc644358c480e0e59f996cf88533558b5fa4256460a030e0a1eaf9678d` UniProtKB:Q05584 Source assertion: UniProtKB:Q05584 has the exact SGD cross-reference SGD:S000002680. Source location `https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?query=taxonomy_id%3A559292+AND+reviewed%3Atrue&format=json&fields=accession%2Cprotein_name%2Cxref_sgd%2Ccc_subcellular_location%2Ccc_function%2Ccc_caution%2Corganism_id#/results/2679/uniProtKBCrossReferences/0; sha256=95f72dcc644358c480e0e59f996cf88533558b5fa4256460a030e0a1eaf9678d`
GLO4 Scer `SGD:S000005566`	located_in Physical protein location from reviewed UniProt. ECO:0000269 (PubMed:9261170)	mitochondrial matrix `GO:0005759`	UniProtKB:Q12320 Source assertion: UniProtKB:Q12320 annotates location Mitochondrion matrix (SL-0170). Source location `https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?query=taxonomy_id%3A559292+AND+reviewed%3Atrue&format=json&fields=accession%2Cprotein_name%2Cxref_sgd%2Ccc_subcellular_location%2Ccc_function%2Ccc_caution%2Corganism_id#/results/3059/comments/1/subcellularLocations/0; sha256=95f72dcc644358c480e0e59f996cf88533558b5fa4256460a030e0a1eaf9678d` UniProtKB:Q12320 Source assertion: UniProtKB:Q12320 has the exact SGD cross-reference SGD:S000005566. Source location `https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?query=taxonomy_id%3A559292+AND+reviewed%3Atrue&format=json&fields=accession%2Cprotein_name%2Cxref_sgd%2Ccc_subcellular_location%2Ccc_function%2Ccc_caution%2Corganism_id#/results/3059/uniProtKBCrossReferences/0; sha256=95f72dcc644358c480e0e59f996cf88533558b5fa4256460a030e0a1eaf9678d`
GLO2 Scer `SGD:S000002680`	has_cofactor UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot) annotation. Reviewed source qualification: The caution concerns identities of older glyoxalase preparations, not the current GLO2 zinc annotation; retain the explicit inference from a human homolog. UniProt evidence: ECO:0000250 (UniProtKB:Q16775) Binds 2 Zn(2+) ions per subunit. UniProt note evidence: ECO:0000250 (UniProtKB:Q16775)	zinc(2+) `CHEBI:29105`	UniProtKB:Q05584 Source assertion: UniProtKB:Q05584 annotates CHEBI:29105 as a cofactor of this protein. Source location `https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?query=taxonomy_id%3A559292+AND+reviewed%3Atrue&format=json&fields=accession%2Cprotein_name%2Cxref_sgd%2Ccc_cofactor%2Corganism_id%2Ccc_caution [sha256:1378282d22c5518215707964664b55946f468ba74a227a6ea1bbf27db69ddbc4] #/results/2679/comments/0/cofactors/0; /results/2679/comments/0/note` UniProtKB:Q05584 Source assertion: UniProtKB:Q05584 has the exact SGD cross-reference SGD:S000002680. Source location `https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?query=taxonomy_id%3A559292+AND+reviewed%3Atrue&format=json&fields=accession%2Cprotein_name%2Cxref_sgd%2Ccc_cofactor%2Corganism_id%2Ccc_caution [sha256:1378282d22c5518215707964664b55946f468ba74a227a6ea1bbf27db69ddbc4] #/results/2679/uniProtKBCrossReferences/0`
GLO1 Scer `SGD:S000004463`	has_cofactor UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot) annotation. UniProt evidence: ECO:0000250 (UniProtKB:Q04760) Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. UniProt note evidence: ECO:0000250 (UniProtKB:Q04760)	zinc(2+) `CHEBI:29105`	UniProtKB:P50107 Source assertion: UniProtKB:P50107 annotates CHEBI:29105 as a cofactor of this protein. Source location `https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?query=taxonomy_id%3A559292+AND+reviewed%3Atrue&format=json&fields=accession%2Cprotein_name%2Cxref_sgd%2Ccc_cofactor%2Corganism_id%2Ccc_caution [sha256:1378282d22c5518215707964664b55946f468ba74a227a6ea1bbf27db69ddbc4] #/results/2053/comments/0/cofactors/0; /results/2053/comments/0/note` UniProtKB:P50107 Source assertion: UniProtKB:P50107 has the exact SGD cross-reference SGD:S000004463. Source location `https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?query=taxonomy_id%3A559292+AND+reviewed%3Atrue&format=json&fields=accession%2Cprotein_name%2Cxref_sgd%2Ccc_cofactor%2Corganism_id%2Ccc_caution [sha256:1378282d22c5518215707964664b55946f468ba74a227a6ea1bbf27db69ddbc4] #/results/2053/uniProtKBCrossReferences/0`
GLO4 Scer `SGD:S000005566`	has_cofactor UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot) annotation. Reviewed source qualification: The caution concerns identities of older glyoxalase preparations, not the current GLO4 zinc annotation; retain the explicit inference from a human homolog. UniProt evidence: ECO:0000250 (UniProtKB:Q16775) Binds 2 Zn(2+) ions per subunit. UniProt note evidence: ECO:0000250 (UniProtKB:Q16775)	zinc(2+) `CHEBI:29105`	UniProtKB:Q12320 Source assertion: UniProtKB:Q12320 annotates CHEBI:29105 as a cofactor of this protein. Source location `https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?query=taxonomy_id%3A559292+AND+reviewed%3Atrue&format=json&fields=accession%2Cprotein_name%2Cxref_sgd%2Ccc_cofactor%2Corganism_id%2Ccc_caution [sha256:1378282d22c5518215707964664b55946f468ba74a227a6ea1bbf27db69ddbc4] #/results/3059/comments/0/cofactors/0; /results/3059/comments/0/note` UniProtKB:Q12320 Source assertion: UniProtKB:Q12320 has the exact SGD cross-reference SGD:S000005566. Source location `https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/stream?query=taxonomy_id%3A559292+AND+reviewed%3Atrue&format=json&fields=accession%2Cprotein_name%2Cxref_sgd%2Ccc_cofactor%2Corganism_id%2Ccc_caution [sha256:1378282d22c5518215707964664b55946f468ba74a227a6ea1bbf27db69ddbc4] #/results/3059/uniProtKBCrossReferences/0`

References

gomodel:YeastPathways_PWY-901 SGD GO-CAM methylglyoxal catabolism pathway PWY-901 (source version: Pinned Noctua JSON archive; model date 2026-07-06; member ./YeastPathways_PWY-901.json)
UniProtKB:Q05584 Reviewed UniProtKB Q05584 location annotations (source version: UniProt release 2026_03)
UniProtKB:Q12320 Reviewed UniProtKB Q12320 location annotations (source version: UniProt release 2026_03)
UniProtKB:P50107 UniProtKB P50107 cofactor annotations (source version: 2026_03)

Curation history

2026-10-05T06:05:08Z Codex; review-causal-graph; Reviewed every native GO-CAM fact; preserved precise input/output, causal, location, membership and complex-part relations with traceable structured source evidence. Kept distinct generic physical instances and recorded source-scope exclusions in the cohort review ledger.
2026-10-05T06:43:56Z Codex
- EDIT — Audit causal activity compartments and preserve scoped protein location evidence
  Reviewed all 3 activity location assignments and 3 mapped physical proteins against reviewed S288C UniProt release2026_03 location/function/caution batch SHA256 95f72dcc644358c480e0e59f996cf88533558b5fa4256460a030e0a1eaf9678d. Added 2 independently supported location edges and quarantined 1 generic cytosol source assertions. Mapped physical protein locations via exact SGD cross-references; retained source ECO grades, molecular form and conditional notes. Physical protein location alone never generates activity location. Explicitly inspected functional assertions support bounded activity projections. Every original activity location and exclusion is recorded in reports/causal_graph_review/gocam-location-review.json. No independent location annotation is treated as an evidence gap, not a negative result. Cytoplasm is not narrowed to cytosol. Microsome fractions are not projected as in-vivo organelles. Semantic validation passed all85 records;4 independent source-role acceptance tests passed.
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