TraitMech

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DS-14 system

traitmech:000429 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses the single-gene DefensePredictor-discovered system 14 locus cataloged as working transcriptional unit RMOR and whose plasmid expression in E. coli MG1655 reduced bacteriophage plaquing.

Trait evidence (9)

DS-14 locus reduces bacteriophage plaquing

Conservative system-level sketch linking the single-gene DS-14 locus to reduced bacteriophage plaquing without resolving DS-14 component function or effector activity.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures DS-14 as the validated RMOR transcriptional unit with one product accession and with a DefenseFinder DS-14 profile row. Although Table S6 classes RMOR as a Remote defense homolog, the graph does not assert which defense family it is remote from, native host breadth, exact profile-to-protein correspondence, the direct viral trigger or substrate, exact AAA+ ATPase or PDDEXK nuclease chemistry, phage target breadth, or DefenseFinder rule-level detection criteria.

DS-14 locus reduces bacteriophage plaquing Interactive directed graph showing evidence-backed causal relationships for DS-14 system.

Edge evidence

  • DS-14 locus contributes to reduced bacteriophage plaquing RO:0002326

    The DS-14/RMOR locus contributes to reduced bacteriophage plaquing when plasmid expressed.

    • DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924 To test for anti-phage defense, we placed each TU with its predicted native promoter region on a low-copy number plasmid in E. coli MG1655 and challenged these strains with a panel of 24 diverse E. coli phages (Fig. 3; fig. S2). In total, 42 (45% of 94) of the cloned TUs produced smaller plaque sizes or reduced the efficiency of plating (EOP) at least ten-fold relative to an empty vector control strain DeWeirdt et al. experimentally validate DefensePredictor-discovered systems by assaying cloned transcriptional units against E. coli phages.
    • https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S6.xlsx RMOR NZ_QOZC01000013.1 GCF_003333475.1 - True False False True DefensePredictor hits 106880 109330 hypothetical protein WP_040091717.1 14.71279098470142 5.293304824724491 True True Remote defense homolog DS-14 The final Science supplementary Table S6 maps working_id RMOR to DS_name DS-14, marks the cloned transcriptional unit as defensive, and records NZ_QOZC01000013.1 positions 106880-109330 with product accession WP_040091717.1.
    • https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S7.xlsx Bas50 6.1 pLAND 24-07-17_MVB1_VPUS_VAME_EV.png 500000000 RMOR 24-07-17 24-07-17_AAA2_RMOR_NERD_NUCS.png 3 10 10000 4.698970004336019 True LB 37 The final Science supplementary Table S7 reports an RMOR assay row with a Bas50 phage readout and a -log(EOP) value of 4.699.
    • https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | DS-14__DS-14 | | DS-14 | Custom | 500 | The pinned DefenseFinder HMM inventory records DS-14__DS-14 as a custom DS-14 profile.
  • reduced bacteriophage plaquing confers DS-14 system METPO:2007700

    DS-14-mediated phage plaquing reduction realizes the DS-14 system trait.

    • DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924 We refer to these validated TUs as DefensePredictor discovered systems (DSs), with genes in multi-gene TUs denoted by an alphabetical suffix, e.g., DS-8A is the first gene of DS-8. DeWeirdt et al. name each validated transcriptional unit as a DefensePredictor discovered system.
    • https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S6.xlsx RMOR NZ_QOZC01000013.1 GCF_003333475.1 - True False False True DefensePredictor hits 106880 109330 hypothetical protein WP_040091717.1 14.71279098470142 5.293304824724491 True True Remote defense homolog DS-14 The final Science supplementary Table S6 maps working_id RMOR to DS_name DS-14, marks the cloned transcriptional unit as defensive, and records NZ_QOZC01000013.1 positions 106880-109330 with product accession WP_040091717.1.
    • https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S7.xlsx Bas50 6.1 pLAND 24-07-17_MVB1_VPUS_VAME_EV.png 500000000 RMOR 24-07-17 24-07-17_AAA2_RMOR_NERD_NUCS.png 3 10 10000 4.698970004336019 True LB 37 The final Science supplementary Table S7 reports an RMOR assay row with a Bas50 phage readout and a -log(EOP) value of 4.699.
  • DS-14 system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf

    DS-14 system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.

    • DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924 To test for anti-phage defense, we placed each TU with its predicted native promoter region on a low-copy number plasmid in E. coli MG1655 and challenged these strains with a panel of 24 diverse E. coli phages (Fig. 3; fig. S2). In total, 42 (45% of 94) of the cloned TUs produced smaller plaque sizes or reduced the efficiency of plating (EOP) at least ten-fold relative to an empty vector control strain DeWeirdt et al. validate DSs as anti-phage systems.
    • https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md | DS-14 | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631726 | DefensePredictor: A machine learning model to discover novel prokaryotic immune systems | The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the DS-14 source key to the preprint DOI for the DeWeirdt et al. DefensePredictor study, which has since been published in Science.

Provenance

Identifier source
TraitMech local identifier
Definition source
DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924

Parent traits (1)

Synonyms (3)

  • DS-14 EXACT_SYNONYM · DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924
  • RMOR RELATED_SYNONYM · https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S6.xlsx
  • DS-14__DS-14 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve DS-14 native host breadth, exact single-component activity, DS-14 remote-defense-homolog family identity, DS-14 profile-to-protein mapping, sensitive-phage breadth, exact AAA+ ATPase and PDDEXK nuclease chemistry, and rule-level detection criteria before minting narrower DS-14 mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN ds-14-defensefinder-model-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-28

Attached to causal_graphs#ds_14_locus_reduces_phage_plaquing

DeWeirdt et al. support DS-14 as the defensive RMOR transcriptional unit that reduced Bas50 plaquing when cloned in E. coli MG1655, the final Table S6 classes RMOR as a Remote defense homolog, and the pinned DefenseFinder HMM inventory records one DS-14 profile row. The pinned rules table has no DS-14 row, and the first-pass record does not resolve native host breadth, exact component activity, remote defense family relationship, profile-to-protein mapping, phage target breadth, or endogenous DS-14 activity.

Evidence

Curation history

  1. · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex

    Minted DS-14 system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; kept the graph at cloned RMOR transcriptional-unit level because the pinned DefenseFinder DS-14 HMM row is not backed by a rules row; proposals/metpo_traitmech_v306 reserves the replacement placeholder.

  2. · REVIEW_CANONICAL_EXAMPLE_EVIDENCE_GAP · codex

    Reviewed DS-14 system canonical_examples and left them empty because DeWeirdt et al. support cloned RMOR plaquing assays in E. coli MG1655 plus a DefenseFinder DS-14 model, but not a direct named native microbial isolate exemplar with experimentally verified endogenous DS-14 activity. No paid research was used.