ciprofloxacin

CHEBI:100241 ·resolve ·ANTIBACTERIAL ·EXACT SEEDED

A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. — ChEBI

Machine-generated and unreviewed. Identity, structure and cross-references come straight from ChEBI's and CARD's own data; no curator has signed off on this record yet.

Classification

fluoroquinolone antibioticARO:0000001

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

Label unavailable CHEBI:23765
Label unavailable CHEBI:26512
Label unavailable CHEBI:36709
Label unavailable CHEBI:46848
Label unavailable CHEBI:51454
quinolone antibiotic CHEBI:86324
fluoroquinolone antibiotic CHEBI:87211
fluoroquinolone antibiotic ARO:0000001

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formula	C17H18FN3O3
Charge	0
Average mass	331.347 Da
Monoisotopic mass	331.13322 Da
Source	ChEBI
InChIKey	MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

O=C(O)c1cn(C2CC2)c2cc(N3CCNCC3)c(F)cc2c1=O

InChI

InChI=1S/C17H18FN3O3/c18-13-7-11-14(8-15(13)20-5-3-19-4-6-20)21(10-1-2-10)9-12(16(11)22)17(23)24/h7-10,19H,1-6H2,(H,23,24)

Also called

ciprofloxacine (INN)— chebi
ciprofloxacino (INN)— chebi
ciprofloxacinum (INN)— chebi
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
1-CYCLOPROPYL-6-FLUORO-4-OXO-7-PIPERAZIN-1-YL-1,4-DIHYDROQUINOLINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-yl-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-ylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-hexahydro-1-pyrazinyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Ciprofloxacin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
CIP (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Cipro (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Ciprobay (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Ciproxan (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Drug registries

Identifiers that name a drug rather than a structure. One of these can cover a parent compound, its salts and its stereoisomers, which this corpus keeps as separate records, so it is not an equivalence of structure.

Patents and articles

Documents about this compound. A patent covers a class and an article covers a topic; neither identifies a structure.

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

antimicrobial agent CHEBI:33281
antibacterial drug CHEBI:36047

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
Source	Native ID	Label	Minted CURIE	Version
ARO	`ARO:0000036`	ciprofloxacin	`antibioticmech:aro-29d35653c5`	2026-08-30
CHEBI	`CHEBI:100241`	ciprofloxacin	`antibioticmech:chebi-8eedbf19c6`	2026-08-30

Molecular targets

The molecular entity or process this compound acts on. Each target carries evidence — this is a mechanistic claim, not a classification.

fluoroquinolone sensitive gyrA PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000733

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. ARO explicitly describes ligand binding to gyrase subunit A. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000733 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Fluoroquinolone sensitive parC PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000735

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. ParC is asserted as the fluoroquinolone-sensitive subunit. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000735 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

fluoroquinolone sensitive gyrB PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3003261

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. GyrB is asserted as the fluoroquinolone-sensitive subunit. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3003261 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A [V210L]/B PROTEIN_COMPLEX MEASURED_TARGET_ASSOCIATION

BindingDB quantitative measurement in the named target organism; source assay descriptions and identifiers are retained per measurement. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE. Source: BINDINGDB 2026-09 (retrieved 2026-08-31).

Bacillus subtilis NCBITaxon:1423

Quantitative measurements
Type	Reported value	Assay	BindingDB IDs	Reference
IC50	1700 nM	DNA Topoisomerase IV Assay The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) is defined as the concentration of compound that inhibits the decatenation of kinetoplast DNA by 50%.	`RSID 39229` `assay 2532_2` `monomer 21690`	`PMID:17074800`

Organism-specific examples
Protein	Gene	Organism	Entry
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A `UniProtKB:Q45066` BindingDB target chain 1	—	Bacillus subtilis `NCBITaxon:1423`	REVIEWED
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B `UniProtKB:Q59192` BindingDB target chain 2	—	Bacillus subtilis `NCBITaxon:1423`	REVIEWED

PMID:17074800 (BindingDB literature-curated quantitative target measurement; source value, assay text, reaction-set ID, and target organism retained.)

Mechanism summary

Mode of action: NUCLEIC_ACID_SYNTHESIS_INHIBITION microbial target — Assigned from ChEBI role CHEBI:50750 (EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor), CHEBI:53559 (topoisomerase IV inhibitor), CHEBI:59517 (DNA synthesis inhibitor). ChEBI asserts the role on the compound. The role names a target specific to the microbe or virus — see mode_of_action_target_scope. Not a curator's mechanistic review.
Clinical status: APPROVED

Activity spectrum

Measured or curated activity against specific taxa. A number without a method is not an observation — every row here carries an assay.

59 observations · Browse all observations · Complete record (JSON.gz)

Activity observations
Organism	Activity	MIC	Disk diffusion	Assay	Strain	Sample/genome	Evidence
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	3 source isolates 3 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	8 source isolates 8 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; not specified	—	2 source isolates 2 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; solid media	—	40 source isolates 40 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; solid media	—	265 source isolates 265 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; solid media	—	5 source isolates 5 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; solid media	—	23 source isolates 23 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; KMMYKROBE2025; not specified	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; KMMYKROBE2025; not specified	—	3 source isolates 3 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; KMVALIDATION2025; not specified	—	42 source isolates 42 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; KMVALIDATION2025; not specified	—	50 source isolates 50 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; LID2015; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	23 source isolates 23 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; LID2015; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	286 source isolates 286 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	54 source isolates 54 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	239 source isolates 239 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; BACTEC460	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	2 source isolates 2 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	14 source isolates 14 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	447 source isolates 447 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; 7H10; critical concentration 2.0 mg/L	—	4 source isolates 4 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; 7H10; critical concentration 2.0 mg/L	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0349	BioSample SAMN11953777	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCBITaxon:485	—	32.0 mg/L	—	CLSI M07 agar dilution ciprofloxacin MIC; agar dilution MIC reported and Etest used for verification; interpreted using CLSI M100.	964	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCBITaxon:485	—	8.0 mg/L	—	CLSI M07 agar dilution ciprofloxacin MIC; agar dilution MIC reported and Etest used for verification; interpreted using CLSI M100.	971	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCBITaxon:485	—	32.0 mg/L	—	CLSI M07 agar dilution ciprofloxacin MIC; agar dilution MIC reported and Etest used for verification; interpreted using CLSI M100.	974	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCBITaxon:485	—	32.0 mg/L	—	CLSI M07 agar dilution ciprofloxacin MIC; agar dilution MIC reported and Etest used for verification; interpreted using CLSI M100.	975	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCBITaxon:485	—	32.0 mg/L	—	CLSI M07 agar dilution ciprofloxacin MIC; agar dilution MIC reported and Etest used for verification; interpreted using CLSI M100.	976	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Klebsiella pneumoniae NCBITaxon:573	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0497	BioSample SAMN11953783	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2024 M100 S34.	0297	BioSample SAMN04901687	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0346	BioSample SAMN11953774	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCBITaxon:485	—	2.0 mg/L	—	Agar dilution ciprofloxacin MIC; interpreted using CLSI 2026 M100 Ed36.	0963	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1305	BioSample SAMN46941623	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1155	BioSample SAMN34111341	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1156	BioSample SAMN34111342	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1157	BioSample SAMN34111343	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1159	BioSample SAMN34111345	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1161	BioSample SAMN34111347	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCBITaxon:485	—	16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2026 M100 Ed36.	1280	BioSample SAMN35332250	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCBITaxon:485	—	16.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2026 M100 Ed36.	1281	BioSample SAMN35332251	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	4.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1106	BioSample SAMN19970475	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1107	BioSample SAMN31096620	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1268	BioSample SAMN33435241	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1269	BioSample SAMN33435242	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1270	BioSample SAMN33435243	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	1328	BioSample SAMN50502207	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Klebsiella pneumoniae NCBITaxon:573	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0347	BioSample SAMN11953775	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0348	BioSample SAMN11953776	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0350	BioSample SAMN11953778	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0493	BioSample SAMN11953779	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0494	BioSample SAMN11953780	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35.	0495	BioSample SAMN11953781	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank reports an R interpretation without a versioned breakpoint footnote on this isolate page.	0033	BioSample SAMN04014874	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2024 M100 S34 per the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 footnote.	0078	BioSample SAMN04014919	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Acinetobacter baumannii NCBITaxon:470	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2020 M100 S30 per the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 footnote.	0083	BioSample SAMN04014924	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank ciprofloxacin MIC; interpreted using CLSI 2026 M100 Ed36 per the Panel 1394 footnote.	1332	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank ciprofloxacin MIC; interpreted using CLSI 2026 M100 Ed36 per the Panel 1394 footnote.	1333	—	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Escherichia coli NCBITaxon:562	—	>8.0 mg/L	—	Broth microdilution ciprofloxacin MIC; modal MIC reported; interpreted using CLSI 2025 M100 S35 per the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 footnote.	0538	BioSample SAMN11953785	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)

Resistance mechanisms

188 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_PROTECTION 104

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_PROTECTION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
QnrA1	ARO:3002707	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002707 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrA2	ARO:3002708	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002708 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrA3	ARO:3002709	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002709 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrA4	ARO:3002710	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002710 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrA5	ARO:3002711	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002711 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrA6	ARO:3002712	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002712 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrA7	ARO:3002713	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002713 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB1	ARO:3002714	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002714 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB10	ARO:3002724	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002724 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB11	ARO:3002725	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002725 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB12	ARO:3002726	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002726 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB13	ARO:3002727	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002727 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB14	ARO:3002728	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002728 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB15	ARO:3002730	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002730 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB16	ARO:3002731	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002731 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB17	ARO:3002732	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002732 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB18	ARO:3002733	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002733 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB19	ARO:3002734	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002734 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB2	ARO:3002715	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002715 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB20	ARO:3002735	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002735 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB21	ARO:3002736	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002736 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB22	ARO:3002737	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002737 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB23	ARO:3002738	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002738 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB24	ARO:3002739	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002739 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB25	ARO:3002740	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002740 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB26	ARO:3002741	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002741 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB27	ARO:3002742	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002742 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB28	ARO:3002743	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002743 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB29	ARO:3002744	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002744 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB3	ARO:3002716	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002716 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB30	ARO:3002745	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002745 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB31	ARO:3002746	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002746 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB32	ARO:3002747	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002747 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB33	ARO:3002748	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002748 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB34	ARO:3002749	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002749 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB35	ARO:3002750	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002750 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB36	ARO:3002751	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002751 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB37	ARO:3002752	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002752 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB38	ARO:3002753	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002753 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB4	ARO:3002718	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002718 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB40	ARO:3002755	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002755 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB41	ARO:3002756	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002756 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB42	ARO:3002757	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002757 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB43	ARO:3002758	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002758 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB44	ARO:3002759	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002759 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB45	ARO:3002760	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002760 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB46	ARO:3002761	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002761 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB47	ARO:3002762	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002762 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB48	ARO:3002763	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002763 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB49	ARO:3002764	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002764 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB5	ARO:3002719	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002719 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB50	ARO:3002765	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002765 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB54	ARO:3002767	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002767 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB55	ARO:3002768	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002768 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB56	ARO:3002769	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002769 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB57	ARO:3002770	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002770 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB58	ARO:3002771	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002771 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB59	ARO:3002772	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002772 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB6	ARO:3002720	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002720 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB60	ARO:3002773	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002773 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB61	ARO:3002774	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002774 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB62	ARO:3002775	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002775 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB64	ARO:3002776	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002776 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB65	ARO:3002777	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002777 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB66	ARO:3002778	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002778 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB67	ARO:3002779	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002779 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB68	ARO:3002780	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002780 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB69	ARO:3002781	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002781 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB7	ARO:3002721	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002721 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB70	ARO:3002782	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002782 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB71	ARO:3002783	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002783 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB72	ARO:3002784	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002784 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB73	ARO:3002785	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002785 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB74	ARO:3002786	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002786 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB8	ARO:3002722	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002722 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrB9	ARO:3002723	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002723 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrC	ARO:3002787	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002787 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrD1	ARO:3002788	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002788 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrD2	ARO:3002789	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002789 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS1	ARO:3002790	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002790 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS10	ARO:3004622	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004622 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS11	ARO:3004624	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004624 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS12	ARO:3004625	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004625 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS15	ARO:3004627	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004627 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS2	ARO:3002791	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002791 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS3	ARO:3002792	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002792 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS4	ARO:3002793	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002793 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS5	ARO:3002794	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002794 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS6	ARO:3002795	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002795 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS7	ARO:3002796	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002796 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS8	ARO:3002797	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002797 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrS9	ARO:3002798	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002798 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrVC1	ARO:3002799	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002799 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrVC2	ARO:3005007	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005007 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrVC3	ARO:3002800	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002800 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrVC4	ARO:3002801	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002801 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrVC5	ARO:3002802	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002802 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrVC6	ARO:3002803	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002803 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QnrVC7	ARO:3003193	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003193 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
mfd	ARO:3003844	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003844 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
mfpA	ARO:3003035	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003035 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
qnrE1	ARO:3004636	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004636 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
qnrE2	ARO:3004637	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004637 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
quinolone resistance protein (qnr)	ARO:3000419	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000419 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION 41

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Acinetobacter baumannii gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003817	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003817 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Acinetobacter baumannii parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003818	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003818 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Bartonella bacilliformis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003297	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003297 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Burkholderia dolosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3004860	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004860 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Campylobacter jejuni gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003789	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003789 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Capnocytophaga gingivalis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003931	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003931 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003995	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003995 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Clostridioides difficile gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3004562	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004562 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Cutibacterium acnes gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003974	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003974 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003294	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003294 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003308	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003308 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003316	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003316 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli soxR with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance	ARO:3003381	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003381 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli soxS with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance	ARO:3003511	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003511 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Haemophilus parainfluenzae gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003924	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003924 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Haemophilus parainfluenzae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003925	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003925 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Morganella morganii gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003306	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003306 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium avium gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone	ARO:3007473	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007473 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium leprae gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003298	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003298 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium leprae gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003304	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003304 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003295	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003295 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycoplasma hominis parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003310	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003310 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrA with mutations conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003928	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003928 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003929	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003929 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003684	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003684 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003702	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003702 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003685	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003685 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella enterica gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003926	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003926 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella enterica parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003939	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003939 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella enterica soxR with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance	ARO:3003382	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003382 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella isangi gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3007751	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007751 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella isangi gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3007752	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007752 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella serovars gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003307	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003307 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella serovars parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones Evidence-scope review 2026-10-16-salmonella-pare-evidence-scope: The cited Enteritidis study found no independent parE effect in its tested background; an indirect contribution remained unresolved. This is not a universal inactivity claim or evidence for every serovar and inherited compound. Retain CARD's assertion as database evidence, without assigning an experimental protein, allele, taxon or susceptibility observation. Qualification references, not an upgrade of the CARD assertion: DOI:10.1128/aac.01005-08 (Results: Contribution of target gene mutations to quinolone resistance; Table 1: quinolone headers and relevant parE comparison; Table 3: compound headers and absence of a parE-specific comparison; Discussion: paragraph beginning Although complementation; publisher HTML text and selected table text; no visual table, figure or supplement verification). Reviewed 2026-10-16 by Codex; curation/card_evidence_reviews.json SHA-256 584f3e32ce0122eb2315fe09bbe22e058539bef184ad2d75756a6f3016bf2687.	ARO:3003317	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003317 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella serovars soxS with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance	ARO:3003383	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003383 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003296	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003296 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003312	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003312 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003315	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003315 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Streptococcus pneumoniae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003311	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003311 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Ureaplasma urealyticum gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003305	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003305 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Ureaplasma urealyticum parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003309	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003309 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX 30

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
AcrEF-TolC confers resistance to ciprofloxacin	ARO:3004083	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004083 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
EfrAB	ARO:3003947	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003947 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Enterobacter aerogenes acrR with mutation conferring multidrug antibiotic resistance	ARO:3003374	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003374 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli AcrR with mutation associated with multidrug resistance	ARO:3003807	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003807 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli MarR with mutation associated with multidrug resistance	ARO:3003378	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003378 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnGH-TolC	ARO:3004598	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004598 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Klebsiella pneumoniae acrA	ARO:3004041	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004041 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
MdtK	ARO:3001327	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3001327 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
MexAB-OprM	ARO:3000386	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000386 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
MexEF-OprN with MexS mutations conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim	ARO:3004068	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004068 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
MexEF-OprN with MexT mutation conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim	ARO:3004066	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004066 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
MexXY-OprA	ARO:3003038	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003038 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
MexXY-OprM	ARO:3003032	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003032 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
PatA-PatB	ARO:3000769	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000769 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QepA1	ARO:3000448	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000448 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QepA2	ARO:3004103	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004103 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QepA3	ARO:3004378	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004378 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QepA4	ARO:3004379	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004379 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella enterica ramR mutants	ARO:3003379	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003379 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Shigella flexneri acrA	ARO:3007509	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007509 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus norA	ARO:3004667	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004667 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
abeM	ARO:3000753	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000753 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
hp1181	ARO:3003964	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003964 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
hp1184	ARO:3003965	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003965 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
lfrA	ARO:3003967	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003967 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
mdeA	ARO:3007011	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007011 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
norA	ARO:3000391	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000391 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
norB	ARO:3000421	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000421 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
oqxAB	ARO:3003921	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003921 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
pmrA	ARO:3000822	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000822 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION 11

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
AAC(6')-Ib-cr1	ARO:3002547	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002547 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr3	ARO:3005112	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005112 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr4	ARO:3005114	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005114 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr5	ARO:3005115	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005115 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr6	ARO:3005116	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005116 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr7	ARO:3005117	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005117 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr8	ARO:3005118	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005118 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
AAC(6')-Ib-cr9	ARO:3005119	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005119 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aac(6')-Ib-cr10	ARO:3007770	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007770 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aac(6')-Ib-cr11	ARO:3007771	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007771 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
fosA5	ARO:3003209	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003209 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

REDUCED_PERMEABILITY 2

REDUCED_PERMEABILITY
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Escherichia coli LamB	ARO:3004126	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004126 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Serratia marcescens Omp1	ARO:3004128	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004128 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000036 (ciprofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Causal graphs

Evidence-backed mechanism graphs: how the compound reaches its target, what the target does, and how the effect propagates to growth inhibition or death.

Ciprofloxacin poisons bacterial type II topoisomerases MECHANISTIC

Ciprofloxacin traps bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV on cleaved DNA, preventing resealing of the enzyme-linked DNA break and disrupting replication-linked DNA topology control.

Nodes — ciprofloxacin_topoisomerase_poisoning
Node	Label	Type	Grounding
`ciprofloxacin`	ciprofloxacin	COMPOUND	`CHEBI:100241`
`dna_gyrase`	bacterial DNA gyrase Examples: DNA gyrase subunit A (gyrA) `UniProtKB:P0AES4`, Escherichia coli (strain K12) `NCBITaxon:83333` REVIEWED — Catalytic DNA cleavage-religation subunit A of the heterotetrameric A2B2 DNA gyrase complex stabilized as a ternary cleavage complex by ciprofloxacin in E. coli (PMID:9159526); K-12 reference proteome context.; DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) `UniProtKB:P0AES6`, Escherichia coli (strain K12) `NCBITaxon:83333` REVIEWED — ATPase subunit B of the heterotetrameric A2B2 DNA gyrase complex targeted by ciprofloxacin in E. coli (PMID:9159526); K-12 reference proteome context.	GENE_OR_PROTEIN	`ARO:3000733`
`topoisomerase_iv`	bacterial topoisomerase IV Examples: DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A (parC) `UniProtKB:P0AFI2`, Escherichia coli (strain K12) `NCBITaxon:83333` REVIEWED — Catalytic DNA breakage-reunion subunit ParC of the heterotetrameric ParC2ParE2 topoisomerase IV secondary fluoroquinolone target in E. coli (PMID:9159526); K-12 reference proteome context.; DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B (parE) `UniProtKB:P20083`, Escherichia coli (strain K12) `NCBITaxon:83333` REVIEWED — ATPase subunit ParE of the heterotetrameric ParC2ParE2 topoisomerase IV secondary fluoroquinolone target in E. coli (PMID:9159526); K-12 reference proteome context.	GENE_OR_PROTEIN	`ARO:3000735`
`gyrase_dna_cleavage_complex`	DNA gyrase covalent DNA cleavage complex	STATE	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`topoiv_dna_cleavage_complex`	topoisomerase IV covalent DNA cleavage complex	STATE	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`dna_religation`	type II topoisomerase DNA religation	MOLECULAR_FUNCTION	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`dna_topology_control`	replication-associated DNA topology control	BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY

Edges — ciprofloxacin_topoisomerase_poisoning
Subject	Predicate	Object	Evidence
`ciprofloxacin`	stabilizes	`gyrase_dna_cleavage_complex`	PMID:24497635 (Mustaev and colleagues assayed ciprofloxacin-stabilized DNA cleavage by wild-type gyrase and topoisomerase IV.)
`dna_gyrase`	participates in	`gyrase_dna_cleavage_complex`	PMID:9207016 (Cove and colleagues showed purified DNA gyrase cleaves short DNA substrates in the presence of ciprofloxacin or oxolinic acid.)
`ciprofloxacin`	stabilizes	`topoiv_dna_cleavage_complex`	PMID:8891138 (Pan and colleagues implicated both topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase as ciprofloxacin targets in Streptococcus pneumoniae genetics experiments.)
`topoisomerase_iv`	participates in	`topoiv_dna_cleavage_complex`	PMID:24497635 (The same in vitro cleavage study included topoisomerase IV alongside gyrase in ciprofloxacin DNA-cleavage assays.)
`gyrase_dna_cleavage_complex`	inhibits	`dna_religation`	PMID:24497635 (Fluoroquinolone-gyrase-DNA complexes are experimentally linked to cleaved DNA accumulation after ciprofloxacin exposure.)
`topoiv_dna_cleavage_complex`	inhibits	`dna_religation`	PMID:24497635 (Topoisomerase IV was tested in parallel with gyrase in ciprofloxacin DNA-cleavage assays.)
`dna_religation`	supports	`dna_topology_control`	PMID:8891138 (Ciprofloxacin target genetics in S. pneumoniae support both gyrase and topoisomerase IV as replication-linked topoisomerase targets.)

Curation history

SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
CURATED_CAUSAL_GRAPH 2026-09-04 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added a PMID-supported causal graph for ciprofloxacin poisoning of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-10 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added five DOI-backed ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolate MIC observations from Liu et al. 2022.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank ciprofloxacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Corrected the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank 0349 breakpoint context from CLSI 2024 M100 S34 to CLSI 2025 M100 S35.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation from isolate 0346.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae MIC observation from isolate 0963.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolate MIC observation for AR-1305.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-13 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added 5 stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank ciprofloxacin-resistant Multi-Mechanism panel MIC observations for AR-1155, AR-1156, AR-1157, AR-1159, and AR-1161.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-13 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added two stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae MIC observations for AR-1280 and AR-1281.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-14 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1106.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-14 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1107.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-14 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1268.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-14 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1269.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-14 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1270.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-14 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1328.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-14 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae MIC observation for AR-0347.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-14 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0348.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-14 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0350.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0493.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0494.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0495.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Replaced one CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae MIC observation for AR-0497 with the canonical isolate-detail URL and source metadata.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-18 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 isolate 0033 Acinetobacter baumannii ciprofloxacin MIC >8 mg/L with interpretation R; preserved BioSample SAMN04014874 and Study ID CarbaNP-02 in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-18 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 ciprofloxacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MIC observation for AR-0078; preserved source Pus, BioSample SAMN04014919, Study ID CarbaNP-47, and MLST ST229(Pasteur)/ST203(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-19 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 ciprofloxacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MIC observation for AR-0083; preserved source Unknown, BioSample SAMN04014924, Study ID CarbaNP-52, and MLST ST1(Pasteur)/ST231/1604(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-20 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added two stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1394 ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observations for AR-1332 and AR-1333; preserved source Urine, Study IDs IMP-10 and IMP-11, unavailable BioSample accessions, and MLST ST357(Pasteur)/ST2731(Pasteur) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-20 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0538; preserved BioSample SAMN11953785 and Study ID NEW-22 in evidence notes.
STRUCTURED_ACTIVITY_BIOSAMPLE_ACCESSIONS 2026-09-26 · codex · LLM-assisted
Structured BioSample accessions on 28 activity_spectrum observation(s) where evidence notes already named exactly one accession.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-26 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: activity_spectrum (CRYPTIC 3.4.0). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-10-05 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: activity_membership_collections (CRYPTIC 3.4.0). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-10-16 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: resistance_mechanisms (CARD). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
CURATED_UNIPROT_PROTEIN_EXAMPLES 2026-10-18 · antigravity · LLM-assisted
Added curated E. coli K-12 reference-strain UniProtKB protein examples for DNA gyrase (GyrA P0AES4, GyrB P0AES6) and topoisomerase IV (ParC P0AFI2, ParE P20083) on the ciprofloxacin_topoisomerase_poisoning causal graph nodes.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

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