levofloxacin

CHEBI:63598 ·resolve ·ANTIBACTERIAL ·EXACT SEEDED

An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. — ChEBI

Machine-generated and unreviewed. Identity, structure and cross-references come straight from ChEBI's and CARD's own data; no curator has signed off on this record yet.

Classification

fluoroquinolone antibioticARO:0000001

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

Label unavailable CHEBI:194135
quinolone antibiotic CHEBI:86324
fluoroquinolone antibiotic CHEBI:87211
fluoroquinolone antibiotic ARO:0000001

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formula	C18H20FN3O4
Charge	0
Average mass	361.373 Da
Monoisotopic mass	361.14378 Da
Source	ChEBI
InChIKey	GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-JTQLQIEISA-N

SMILES

C[C@H]1COc2c(N3CCN(C)CC3)c(F)cc3c(=O)c(C(=O)O)cn1c23

InChI

InChI=1S/C18H20FN3O4/c1-10-9-26-17-14-11(16(23)12(18(24)25)8-22(10)14)7-13(19)15(17)21-5-3-20(2)4-6-21/h7-8,10H,3-6,9H2,1-2H3,(H,24,25)/t10-/m0/s1

Also called

levofloxacine (INN)— chebi
levofloxacino (INN)— chebi
levofloxacinum (INN)— chebi
(3S)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(-)-Ofloxacin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(3S)-(-)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(S)-(-)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzooxazine-6-carboxylic acid (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(S)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(S)-ofloxacin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(−)-ofloxacin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
DR 3355 (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
DR-3355 (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
L-ofloxacin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Ofloxacin S-(-)-form (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
S-(−)-ofloxacin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Levaquin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
Tavanic (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Drug registries

Identifiers that name a drug rather than a structure. One of these can cover a parent compound, its salts and its stereoisomers, which this corpus keeps as separate records, so it is not an equivalence of structure.

Patents and articles

Documents about this compound. A patent covers a class and an article covers a topic; neither identifies a structure.

wikipedia.en:Levofloxacin

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

antimicrobial agent CHEBI:33281
antibacterial drug CHEBI:36047

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
Source	Native ID	Label	Minted CURIE	Version
ARO	`ARO:0000071`	levofloxacin	`antibioticmech:aro-825bdb3c2e`	2026-08-30
CHEBI	`CHEBI:63598`	levofloxacin	`antibioticmech:chebi-a88ec56d37`	2026-08-30

Molecular targets

The molecular entity or process this compound acts on. Each target carries evidence — this is a mechanistic claim, not a classification.

fluoroquinolone sensitive gyrA PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000733

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. ARO explicitly describes ligand binding to gyrase subunit A. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000733 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Fluoroquinolone sensitive parC PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000735

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. ParC is asserted as the fluoroquinolone-sensitive subunit. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000735 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Mechanism summary

Mode of action: NUCLEIC_ACID_SYNTHESIS_INHIBITION microbial target — Assigned from ChEBI role CHEBI:50750 (EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor), CHEBI:53559 (topoisomerase IV inhibitor), CHEBI:59517 (DNA synthesis inhibitor). ChEBI asserts the role on the compound. The role names a target specific to the microbe or virus — see mode_of_action_target_scope. Not a curator's mechanistic review.

Activity spectrum

Measured or curated activity against specific taxa. A number without a method is not an observation — every row here carries an assay.

321 observations · Browse all observations · Complete record (JSON.gz)

Observations 1–20 of 321

Activity observations
Organism	Activity	MIC	Disk diffusion	Assay	Strain	Sample/genome	Evidence
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	59 source isolates 59 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	104 source isolates 104 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	INTERMEDIATE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; solid media	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; solid media	—	109 source isolates 109 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; solid media	—	657 source isolates 657 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	24 source isolates 24 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	23 source isolates 23 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	INTERMEDIATE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; solid media	—	2 source isolates 2 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; solid media	—	116 source isolates 116 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; solid media	—	692 source isolates 692 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.25 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	1230 source isolates 1230 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.25 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	185 source isolates 185 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.25 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	344 source isolates 344 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.5 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	2447 source isolates 2447 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.5 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	169 source isolates 169 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.5 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	411 source isolates 411 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	1.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	325 source isolates 325 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	1.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	63 source isolates 63 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	1.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	50 source isolates 50 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	2.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	143 source isolates 143 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)

Resistance mechanisms

35 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION 30

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Acinetobacter baumannii gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003817	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003817 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Acinetobacter baumannii parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003818	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003818 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Bartonella bacilliformis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003297	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003297 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Capnocytophaga gingivalis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003931	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003931 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003995	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003995 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Clostridioides difficile gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3004562	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004562 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Cutibacterium acnes gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003974	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003974 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003294	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003294 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003308	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003308 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003316	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003316 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Helicobacter pylori gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3007052	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007052 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Helicobacter pylori gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3007053	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007053 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Morganella morganii gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003306	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003306 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium avium gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone	ARO:3007473	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007473 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium leprae gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003298	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003298 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium leprae gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003304	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003304 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003295	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003295 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA mutations conferring resistance to levofloxacin	ARO:3007809	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007809 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB mutations conferring resistance to levofloxacin	ARO:3007810	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007810 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB with mutation conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003459	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003459 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycoplasma hominis parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003310	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003310 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003684	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003684 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella serovars gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003307	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003307 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Salmonella serovars parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones Evidence-scope review 2026-10-16-salmonella-pare-evidence-scope: The cited Enteritidis study found no independent parE effect in its tested background; an indirect contribution remained unresolved. This is not a universal inactivity claim or evidence for every serovar and inherited compound. Retain CARD's assertion as database evidence, without assigning an experimental protein, allele, taxon or susceptibility observation. Qualification references, not an upgrade of the CARD assertion: DOI:10.1128/aac.01005-08 (Results: Contribution of target gene mutations to quinolone resistance; Table 1: quinolone headers and relevant parE comparison; Table 3: compound headers and absence of a parE-specific comparison; Discussion: paragraph beginning Although complementation; publisher HTML text and selected table text; no visual table, figure or supplement verification). Reviewed 2026-10-16 by Codex; curation/card_evidence_reviews.json SHA-256 584f3e32ce0122eb2315fe09bbe22e058539bef184ad2d75756a6f3016bf2687.	ARO:3003317	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003317 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003296	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003296 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003312	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003312 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003315	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003315 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Streptococcus pneumoniae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003311	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003311 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Ureaplasma urealyticum gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003305	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003305 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Ureaplasma urealyticum parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones	ARO:3003309	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003309 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX 3

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Acinetobacter baumannii AbaQ	ARO:3004574	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004574 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
QepA3	ARO:3004378	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004378 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Rv1877	ARO:3007662	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007662 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_PROTECTION 1

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_PROTECTION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
quinolone resistance protein (qnr)	ARO:3000419	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000419 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_REPLACEMENT 1

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_REPLACEMENT
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Helicobacter pylori rpoB mutation conferring resistance to rifampicin	ARO:3007051	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007051 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000071 (levofloxacin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Causal graphs

Evidence-backed mechanism graphs: how the compound reaches its target, what the target does, and how the effect propagates to growth inhibition or death.

Levofloxacin poisons bacterial topoisomerase IV MECHANISTIC

Levofloxacin stabilizes a bacterial topoisomerase IV-DNA cleavage complex, blocking resealing of the enzyme-linked DNA break and disrupting chromosome topology control.

Nodes — levofloxacin_topoisomerase_iv_poisoning
Node	Label	Type	Grounding
`levofloxacin`	levofloxacin	COMPOUND	`CHEBI:63598`
`topoisomerase_iv`	bacterial topoisomerase IV Examples: DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A (parC) `UniProtKB:P72525`, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 (strain ATCC BAA-334 / TIGR4) `NCBITaxon:170187` REVIEWED — Catalytic ParC subunit of S. pneumoniae topoisomerase IV complexed with DNA and levofloxacin in the ternary cleavage-complex crystal structure (PMID:19332681; TIGR4 reference strain context).; DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A (parC) `UniProtKB:P0AFI2`, Escherichia coli (strain K12) `NCBITaxon:83333` REVIEWED — Reference Gram-negative bacterial topoisomerase IV ParC subunit corresponding to ARO:3000735 node grounding (E. coli K-12 reference proteome context).; DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B (parE) `UniProtKB:P20083`, Escherichia coli (strain K12) `NCBITaxon:83333` REVIEWED — Reference Gram-negative bacterial topoisomerase IV ParE subunit corresponding to ARO:3000735 node grounding (E. coli K-12 reference proteome context).	GENE_OR_PROTEIN	`ARO:3000735`
`topoiv_dna_cleavage_complex`	topoisomerase IV covalent DNA cleavage complex	STATE	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`dna_religation`	topoisomerase IV DNA religation	MOLECULAR_FUNCTION	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`dna_topology_control`	bacterial chromosome decatenation and topology control	BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY

Edges — levofloxacin_topoisomerase_iv_poisoning
Subject	Predicate	Object	Evidence
`levofloxacin`	stabilizes	`topoiv_dna_cleavage_complex`	PMID:27050128 (Veselkov and colleagues resolved levofloxacin-stabilized topoisomerase IV-DNA cleavage complexes from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.)
`topoisomerase_iv`	participates in	`topoiv_dna_cleavage_complex`	PMID:27050128 (The same structures contain ParC and ParE domains with DNA and levofloxacin.)
`topoiv_dna_cleavage_complex`	inhibits	`dna_religation`	PMID:27050128 (Levofloxacin was resolved in cleaved topoisomerase IV-DNA complexes, the trapped state preceding break religation.)
`dna_religation`	supports	`dna_topology_control`	PMID:27050128 (The topoisomerase IV structure study describes the levofloxacin-stabilized target as a bacterial type II topoisomerase needed for chromosome topology.)

Curation history

SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
CURATED_CAUSAL_GRAPH 2026-09-04 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added a PMID-supported causal graph for levofloxacin poisoning of bacterial topoisomerase IV.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-10 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank levofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank levofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank levofloxacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate MIC observation.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Corrected the CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank 0349 breakpoint context from CLSI 2024 M100 S34 to CLSI 2025 M100 S35.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank levofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation from isolate 0346.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank levofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolate MIC observation for AR-1305.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-12 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added 13 stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank levofloxacin-resistant Multi-Mechanism panel MIC observations for AR-1149, AR-1150, AR-1152, AR-1153, AR-1155, AR-1156, AR-1157, AR-1158, AR-1159, AR-1160, AR-1161, AR-1162, and AR-1163.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-13 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added five stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1125 levofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus MIC observations for AR-0701, AR-0702, AR-0726, AR-0729, and AR-0730.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-13 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 levofloxacin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis MIC observation for AR-0780.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 levofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1106.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-15 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 levofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1107.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-16 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 levofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1268.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-16 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 levofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1269.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-16 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 levofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1270.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-17 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 levofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1328.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-17 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 levofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0495.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-18 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 isolate 0033 Acinetobacter baumannii levofloxacin MIC 8 mg/L with interpretation R; preserved source Unknown, BioSample SAMN04014874, Study ID CarbaNP-02, and MLST ST85(Pasteur)/ST1089(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-19 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 levofloxacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MIC observation for AR-0078; preserved source Pus, BioSample SAMN04014919, Study ID CarbaNP-47, and MLST ST229(Pasteur)/ST203(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-19 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1227 levofloxacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MIC observation for AR-0083; preserved source Unknown, BioSample SAMN04014924, Study ID CarbaNP-52, and MLST ST1(Pasteur)/ST231/1604(Oxford) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-19 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 levofloxacin-resistant Enterococcus faecium MIC observation for AR-0500; preserved source Blood, BioSample SAMN11953784, and Study ID NEW-13 in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-19 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 10 levofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli MIC observation for AR-0538; preserved BioSample SAMN11953785 and Study ID NEW-22 in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-20 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1394 levofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1332; preserved source Urine, Study ID IMP-10, unavailable BioSample accession, and MLST ST357(Pasteur) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-20 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1394 levofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1333; preserved source Urine, Study ID IMP-11, unavailable BioSample accession, and MLST ST2731(Pasteur) in evidence notes.
CURATED_RESISTANT_TAXA 2026-09-20 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added one stable-URL CDC/FDA AR Isolate Bank Panel 1394 levofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC observation for AR-1334; preserved source P-trap water, Study ID IMP-12, unavailable BioSample accession, and MLST ST235(Pasteur) in evidence notes.
STRUCTURED_ACTIVITY_BIOSAMPLE_ACCESSIONS 2026-09-26 · codex · LLM-assisted
Structured BioSample accessions on 35 activity_spectrum observation(s) where evidence notes already named exactly one accession.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-26 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: activity_spectrum (CRYPTIC 3.4.0). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-10-05 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: activity_membership_collections (CRYPTIC 3.4.0). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-10-16 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: resistance_mechanisms (CARD). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
CURATED_UNIPROT_PROTEIN_EXAMPLES 2026-10-18 · antigravity · LLM-assisted
Added curated S. pneumoniae TIGR4 ParC (P72525) and E. coli K-12 ParC/ParE (P0AFI2, P20083) UniProtKB protein examples on the levofloxacin topoisomerase_iv causal graph node.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

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