streptomycin

CHEBI:17076 ·resolve ·ANTIBACTERIAL ·EXACT REVIEWED

A amino cyclitol glycoside that consists of streptidine having a disaccharyl moiety attached at the 4-position. The parent of the streptomycin class — ChEBI

Classification

aminoglycoside antibioticARO:0000016

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

streptomycins CHEBI:26788
antibiotic antifungal drug CHEBI:87113
antibiotic fungicide CHEBI:87114
aminoglycoside antibiotic ARO:0000016

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formula	C21H39N7O12
Charge	0
Average mass	581.58 Da
Monoisotopic mass	581.26567 Da
Source	ChEBI
InChIKey	UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N

SMILES

CN[C@@H]1[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](NC(=N)N)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3NC(=N)N)O[C@@H](C)[C@]2(O)C=O)O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O

InChI

InChI=1S/C21H39N7O12/c1-5-21(36,4-30)16(40-17-9(26-2)13(34)10(31)6(3-29)38-17)18(37-5)39-15-8(28-20(24)25)11(32)7(27-19(22)23)12(33)14(15)35/h4-18,26,29,31-36H,3H2,1-2H3,(H4,22,23,27)(H4,24,25,28)/t5-,6-,7+,8-,9-,10-,11+,12-,13-,14+,15+,16-,17-,18-,21+/m0/s1

Also called

Kantrex (BRAND_NAME)— chebi
N,N'''-[(1R,2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4-{5-deoxy-2-O-[2-deoxy-2-(methylamino)-α-L-glucopyranosyl]-3-C-formyl-α-L-lyxofuranosyloxy}-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,3-diyl]diguanidine (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
2,4-Diguanidino-3,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl 5-deoxy-2-O-(2-deoxy-2-methylamino-alpha-L-glucopyranosyl)-3-C-formyl-beta-L-lyxopentanofuranoside (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
SM (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
STREPTOMYCIN (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
[2-deoxy-2-(dimethylamino)-α-L-glucopyranosyl]-(1→2)-[5-deoxy-3-C-formyl-α-L-lyxofuranosyl]-(1→4)-{N',N'''-[(1,3,5/2,4,6)-2,4,5,6-tetrahydroxycyclohexane-1,3-diyl]diguanidine} (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
streomycin (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
streptomycin A sulfate (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
streptomycin A (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
streptomycin sulfate (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro
streptomycin sulphate (EXACT_SYNONYM)— aro

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Drug registries

Identifiers that name a drug rather than a structure. One of these can cover a parent compound, its salts and its stereoisomers, which this corpus keeps as separate records, so it is not an equivalence of structure.

Patents and articles

Documents about this compound. A patent covers a class and an article covers a topic; neither identifies a structure.

wikipedia.en:Streptomycin

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

fungicide CHEBI:24127
antimicrobial agent CHEBI:33281
antifungal agent CHEBI:35718
antimicrobial drug CHEBI:36043
antibacterial drug CHEBI:36047
antifungal drug CHEBI:86327
antifungal agrochemical CHEBI:86328

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
Source	Native ID	Label	Minted CURIE	Version
ARO	`ARO:0000040`	streptomycin	`antibioticmech:aro-26f72b86a6`	2026-08-30
CHEBI	`CHEBI:17076`	streptomycin	`antibioticmech:chebi-214ec2f677`	2026-08-30

Molecular targets

The molecular entity or process this compound acts on. Each target carries evidence — this is a mechanistic claim, not a classification.

antibiotic sensitive 16S rRNA NUCLEIC_ACID DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000755

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. 16S rRNA is asserted as the target. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000755 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

antibiotic sensitive Ribosomal protein S12 (rpsL) PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3003431

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. Ribosomal protein S12 is asserted as targeted and inhibited by streptomycin. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3003431 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

30S ribosomal decoding center RIBOSOMAL_SUBUNIT DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

Streptomycin-bound T. thermophilus 30S structures with mRNA and cognate or near-cognate anticodon-stem loops directly showed local 16S-rRNA distortion and altered substrate recognition. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE. Source: PRIMARY_LITERATURE 2013 (retrieved 2026-09-02).

Thermus thermophilus NCBITaxon:274

Organism-specific examples
Protein	Gene	Organism	Entry
Small ribosomal subunit protein uS12 `UniProtKB:Q5SHN3` Protein component (uS12/RpsL) of the 30S decoding-center binding pocket alongside 16S rRNA helices h18, h27, and h44 in the streptomycin-30S crystal structure (PMID:23322043, PDB 4DR3; HB8 reference strain context).	rpsL	Thermus thermophilus (strain ATCC 27634 / DSM 579 / HB8) `NCBITaxon:300852`	REVIEWED

PMID:23322043 (Primary streptomycin-bound 30S decoding and misreading study (DOI:10.1038/ncomms2346).)

Mechanism summary

Mode of action: PROTEIN_SYNTHESIS_INHIBITION microbial target — CURATOR: PMID:23322043 resolved streptomycin at the Thermus thermophilus 30S decoding center with cognate or near-cognate anticodon-stem-loop and mRNA substrates. Streptomycin distorts 16S-rRNA bases including A1492 and A1493, destabilizing cognate while stabilizing near-cognate decoding and thereby promoting genetic-code misreading.

Activity spectrum

Measured or curated activity against specific taxa. A number without a method is not an observation — every row here carries an assay.

80 observations · Browse all observations · Complete record (JSON.gz)

Activity observations
Organism	Activity	MIC	Disk diffusion	Assay	Strain	Sample/genome	Evidence
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	142 source isolates 142 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	196 source isolates 196 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MODS	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; not specified	—	6 source isolates 6 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; not specified	—	10 source isolates 10 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	INTERMEDIATE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; solid media	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; solid media	—	823 source isolates 823 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2020; solid media	—	1270 source isolates 1270 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	INTERMEDIATE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	1 source isolates 1 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	44 source isolates 44 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	102 source isolates 102 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; not specified	—	2 source isolates 2 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	INTERMEDIATE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; solid media	—	2 source isolates 2 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; solid media	—	360 source isolates 360 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; CLIRES2023; solid media	—	496 source isolates 496 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; KMMYKROBE2025; not specified	—	4 source isolates 4 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; KMMYKROBE2025; not specified	—	9 source isolates 9 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; KMVALIDATION2025; not specified	—	1111 source isolates 1111 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; KMVALIDATION2025; not specified	—	1224 source isolates 1224 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; LID2015; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	385 source isolates 385 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; LID2015; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	1284 source isolates 1284 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; LID2015; solid media; LJ; resistance ratio; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	30 source isolates 30 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; LID2015; solid media; LJ; resistance ratio; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	168 source isolates 168 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; MUMBAI2018; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	43 source isolates 43 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; MUMBAI2018; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	56 source isolates 56 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	714 source isolates 714 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960	—	2981 source isolates 2981 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; solid media; LJ; proportion method	—	280 source isolates 280 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; solid media; LJ; proportion method	—	115 source isolates 115 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; solid media; LJ; resistance ratio	—	481 source isolates 481 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; solid media; LJ; resistance ratio	—	370 source isolates 370 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; solid media; middlebrook; 7H10	—	124 source isolates 124 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; solid media; middlebrook; 7H10	—	128 source isolates 128 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; solid media; middlebrook; proportion method	—	81 source isolates 81 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; NEJM2018; solid media; middlebrook; proportion method	—	78 source isolates 78 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; PHE2019; solid media; LJ; resistance ratio; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	25 source isolates 25 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; PHE2019; solid media; LJ; resistance ratio; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	138 source isolates 138 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; BACTEC460; critical concentration 2.0 mg/L	—	6 source isolates 6 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; BACTEC460; critical concentration 2.0 mg/L	—	65 source isolates 65 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	835 source isolates 835 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	2766 source isolates 2766 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration 1.0 mg/L	—	116 source isolates 116 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	19 source isolates 19 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	3 source isolates 3 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	442 source isolates 442 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	358 source isolates 358 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	226 source isolates 226 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	172 source isolates 172 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	858 source isolates 858 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	113 source isolates 113 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; MGIT; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	509 source isolates 509 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	0.5 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB	—	22 source isolates 22 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	1.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB	—	6 source isolates 6 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	16.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB	—	4 source isolates 4 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	2.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB	—	6 source isolates 6 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	32.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB	—	2 source isolates 2 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	4.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB	—	8 source isolates 8 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	8.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB	—	2 source isolates 2 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	<=0.25 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB	—	27 source isolates 27 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	>32.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; MYCOTB	—	43 source isolates 43 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5	—	20 source isolates 20 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; not specified	—	40 source isolates 40 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; not specified	—	444 source isolates 444 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; not specified	—	76 source isolates 76 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; LJ; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	96 source isolates 96 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; LJ; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	29 source isolates 29 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; LJ; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	53 source isolates 53 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; 7H10; critical concentration 2.0 mg/L	—	136 source isolates 136 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; 7H10; critical concentration 2.0 mg/L	—	102 source isolates 102 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; 7H10; critical concentration UK mg/L	—	336 source isolates 336 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; critical concentration 10.0 mg/L	—	22 source isolates 22 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; critical concentration 10.0 mg/L	—	55 source isolates 55 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; critical concentration 10.0 mg/L	—	7 source isolates 7 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; critical concentration 2.0 mg/L	—	29 source isolates 29 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; critical concentration 2.0 mg/L	—	48 source isolates 48 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	—	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; SEQTREAT2020; solid media; middlebrook; critical concentration 2.0 mg/L	—	7 source isolates 7 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; WHO2019; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	108 source isolates 108 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; WHO2019; liquid media; MGIT; MGIT960; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	66 source isolates 66 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; WHO2019; solid media; LJ; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	648 source isolates 648 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	—	—	CRyPTIC DST; WHO2019; solid media; LJ; critical concentration WHO mg/L	—	1420 source isolates 1420 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)

Resistance mechanisms

62 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION 43

ANTIBIOTIC_INACTIVATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
ANT(3'')-II-AAC(6')-IId bifunctional protein	ARO:3002598	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002598 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(3'')-IIa	ARO:3004089	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004089 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(3'')-IIb	ARO:3004090	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004090 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(3'')-IIc	ARO:3004091	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004091 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(3'')-Ib	ARO:3005062	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3005062 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(6)-Ia	ARO:3002626	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002626 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ANT(6)-Ib	ARO:3002629	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002629 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(3'')-Ia	ARO:3002638	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002638 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(3'')-Ib	ARO:3002639	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002639 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(3'')-Ic	ARO:3002640	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002640 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(6)-Ia	ARO:3002657	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002657 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(6)-Ib	ARO:3002658	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002658 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(6)-Ic	ARO:3002659	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002659 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
APH(6)-Id	ARO:3002660	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002660 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aad(6)	ARO:3002628	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002628 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA	ARO:3002601	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002601 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA10	ARO:3004692	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004692 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA11	ARO:3002611	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002611 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA12	ARO:3002612	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002612 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA13	ARO:3002613	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002613 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA14	ARO:3002614	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002614 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA15	ARO:3002615	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002615 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA16	ARO:3002616	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002616 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA17	ARO:3002617	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002617 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA2	ARO:3002602	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002602 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA21	ARO:3002618	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002618 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA22	ARO:3002619	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002619 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA23	ARO:3002620	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002620 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA24	ARO:3002621	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002621 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA25	ARO:3003197	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003197 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA27	ARO:3004682	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004682 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA3	ARO:3002603	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002603 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA4	ARO:3002604	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002604 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA5	ARO:3002605	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002605 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA6	ARO:3002606	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002606 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA6/aadA10	ARO:3002622	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002622 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA7	ARO:3002607	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002607 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA8	ARO:3002608	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002608 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA8b	ARO:3004704	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004704 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadA9	ARO:3002609	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002609 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadK	ARO:3002627	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002627 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aadS	ARO:3004683	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004683 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
aphA15	ARO:3004675	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004675 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION 12

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 16S rRNA (rrnS) mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin	ARO:3003978	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003978 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrnB) mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin	ARO:3003406	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003406 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin	ARO:3003405	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003405 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin	ARO:3003480	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003480 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1258c mutations confer resistance to pyrazinamide, isoniazid, and streptomycin	ARO:3007186	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007186 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1258c mutations confer resistance to streptomycin	ARO:3004971	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004971 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis gidB mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin	ARO:3003470	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003470 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis rpsL mutations conferring resistance to streptomycin	ARO:3003395	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003395 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis tlyA mutations conferring resistance to aminoglycosides	ARO:3003445	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003445 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis whib7 mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin	ARO:3004968	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004968 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin	ARO:3003541	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003541 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
streptomycin resistant whib7	ARO:3004965	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004965 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX 5

ANTIBIOTIC_EFFLUX
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Acinetobacter baumannii AbuO	ARO:3004578	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004578 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnEF	ARO:3004585	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004585 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnGH-TolC	ARO:3004598	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004598 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Staphylococcus aureus LmrS	ARO:3004572	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004572 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ykkCD	ARO:3003062	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003062 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_REPLACEMENT 1

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_REPLACEMENT
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
dfrL	ARO:3007456	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007456 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

REDUCED_PERMEABILITY 1

REDUCED_PERMEABILITY
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Escherichia coli mipA	ARO:3004127	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004127 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:0000040 (streptomycin); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Causal graphs

Evidence-backed mechanism graphs: how the compound reaches its target, what the target does, and how the effect propagates to growth inhibition or death.

Streptomycin perturbs the bacterial 30S decoding site MECHANISTIC

Streptomycin binds the bacterial 30S ribosomal decoding site formed by 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein S12, distorts 16S rRNA helix 44, and lowers translational decoding accuracy.

Nodes — streptomycin_30s_decoding_site_misreading
Node	Label	Type	Grounding
`streptomycin`	streptomycin	COMPOUND	`CHEBI:17076`
`rrna_16s`	bacterial 16S rRNA	RNA	`ARO:3000755`
`ribosomal_protein_s12`	ribosomal protein S12 Examples: Small ribosomal subunit protein uS12 (rpsL) `UniProtKB:Q5SHN3`, Thermus thermophilus (strain ATCC 27634 / DSM 579 / HB8) `NCBITaxon:300852` REVIEWED — 30S ribosomal protein uS12 (S12) directly contacted by streptomycin at the decoding center in Thermus thermophilus 30S crystal structures (PMID:10984042, PDB 1FJG; PMID:23322043, PDB 4DR3; HB8 reference strain context).; Small ribosomal subunit protein uS12 (rpsL) `UniProtKB:P0A7S3`, Escherichia coli (strain K12) `NCBITaxon:83333` REVIEWED — 30S ribosomal protein uS12 (S12) whose rpsL mutations govern streptomycin binding and translational misreading in E. coli (PMID:353564; K-12 reference strain context).	GENE_OR_PROTEIN	`ARO:3003431`
`streptomycin_30s_binding_site`	streptomycin binding site in the 30S ribosomal subunit	STATE	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`distorted_decoding_site`	streptomycin-distorted decoding site	STATE	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`decoding_accuracy`	bacterial translational decoding accuracy	QUALITY	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`protein_synthesis`	bacterial protein synthesis	BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY

Edges — streptomycin_30s_decoding_site_misreading
Subject	Predicate	Object	Evidence
`rrna_16s`	participates in	`streptomycin_30s_binding_site`	PMID:24820088 (Demirci and colleagues resolved streptomycin-bound Thermus thermophilus 30S subunits and described 16S rRNA contacts in the streptomycin site.)
`ribosomal_protein_s12`	participates in	`streptomycin_30s_binding_site`	PMID:24820088 (The 16S rRNA resistance-structure study placed S12 next to streptomycin in the bacterial 30S subunit.)
`streptomycin`	binds	`streptomycin_30s_binding_site`	PMID:23322043 (Demirci and colleagues used X-ray crystallography to locate streptomycin in the Thermus thermophilus 30S decoding region.)
`streptomycin_30s_binding_site`	promotes	`distorted_decoding_site`	PMID:23322043 (Streptomycin-bound 30S structures showed local distortion of 16S rRNA and bases involved in codon recognition.)
`distorted_decoding_site`	decreases	`decoding_accuracy`	PMID:23322043 (Cognate and near-cognate mRNA-tRNA crystal structures explained how streptomycin promotes misreading of the genetic code.)
`decoding_accuracy`	supports	`protein_synthesis`	PMID:11340196 (Ogle and colleagues resolved 30S ribosomal subunit complexes that define the conserved A-site bases used to recognize cognate tRNA.)

Record-level evidence

PMID:23322043 (Primary exact-streptomycin 30S structure and decoding-fidelity study.)

Curation history

SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
REVIEWED 2026-09-03 · codex · LLM-assisted
Verified exact ChEBI/CARD identity, structure, roles, class, FDA provenance, and 62 retained CARD resistance assertions; curator-confirmed protein-synthesis inhibition and added the directly observed 30S decoding-center mechanism.
CURATED_CAUSAL_GRAPH 2026-09-04 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added a PMID-supported causal graph for streptomycin binding to the bacterial 30S decoding site and marked the coarse target scope as curator-reviewed.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-10 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-26 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: activity_spectrum (CRYPTIC 3.4.0). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-10-05 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: activity_membership_collections (CRYPTIC 3.4.0). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
CURATED_UNIPROT_PROTEIN_EXAMPLES 2026-10-18 · antigravity · LLM-assisted
Added curated T. thermophilus HB8 (Q5SHN3) and E. coli K-12 (P0A7S3) ribosomal protein uS12 (rpsL) UniProtKB protein examples on the streptomycin_30s_decoding_site_misreading causal graph node and the PRIMARY_LITERATURE 30S ribosomal decoding center molecular target.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

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