ethambutol

CHEBI:4877 ·resolve ·ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL ·EXACT REVIEWED

An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone. — ChEBI

Classification

polyamine antibioticARO:3000527

Strictly broader compounds or drug classes this molecule belongs to.

Label unavailable CHEBI:23981
Label unavailable CHEBI:31577
polyamine antibiotic ARO:3000527

Chemical structure

Computed structure properties
Molecular formula	C10H24N2O2
Charge	0
Average mass	204.314 Da
Monoisotopic mass	204.18378 Da
Source	ChEBI
InChIKey	AEUTYOVWOVBAKS-UWVGGRQHSA-N

SMILES

CC[C@@H](CO)NCCN[C@@H](CC)CO

InChI

InChI=1S/C10H24N2O2/c1-3-9(7-13)11-5-6-12-10(4-2)8-14/h9-14H,3-8H2,1-2H3/t9-,10-/m0/s1

Also called

etambutol (INN)— chebi
ethambutolum (INN)— chebi
(2S,2'S)-2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diyldiimino)dibutan-1-ol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(+)-2,2'-(ethylenediimino)di-1-butanol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(+)-N,N'-bis(1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)ethylenediamine (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(+)-S,S-ethambutol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(+)-ethambutol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(2S,7S)-2,7-diethyl-3,6-diazaoctane-1,8-diol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
(S,S)-ethambutol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
EMB (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
Ethambutol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi
S,S-Ethambutol (EXACT_SYNONYM)— chebi

Cross-references

Identifiers for this same structure in other resources. An accession that lands on two different structures in this corpus is withheld from both rather than shown here, since it names at most one of them.

Drug registries

Identifiers that name a drug rather than a structure. One of these can cover a parent compound, its salts and its stereoisomers, which this corpus keeps as separate records, so it is not an equivalence of structure.

Patents and articles

Documents about this compound. A patent covers a class and an article covers a topic; neither identifies a structure.

wikipedia.en:Ethambutol

Activity roles

Every antimicrobial role a source asserts for this compound — the unreduced evidence behind its antimicrobial_class.

antitubercular agent CHEBI:33231

Source concepts

Every upstream concept that resolved to this record. The merge is the product: this is what shows ChEBI and CARD are describing the same structure.

Upstream concepts merged into this record
Source	Native ID	Label	Minted CURIE	Version
ARO	`ARO:3000497`	ethambutol	`antibioticmech:aro-a472e0292c`	2026-08-30
CHEBI	`CHEBI:4877`	ethambutol	`antibioticmech:chebi-8ef15eb8e0`	2026-08-30

Molecular targets

The molecular entity or process this compound acts on. Each target carries evidence — this is a mechanistic claim, not a classification.

antibiotic sensitive aftA PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000725

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. AftA is asserted as the antibiotic-sensitive enzyme. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000725 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

antibiotic sensitive embC PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000763

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. EmbC is asserted as the antibiotic-sensitive enzyme. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000763 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

antibiotic sensitive embA PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000764

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. EmbA is asserted as the antibiotic-sensitive enzyme. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000764 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

antibiotic sensitive embB PROTEIN DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

ARO:3000765

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. EmbB is asserted as the antibiotic-sensitive enzyme. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE_NEEDED. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3000765 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Antibiotic sensitive embR PROTEIN SUSCEPTIBILITY_DETERMINANT

ARO:3003473

CARD/ARO database assertion; target organism, strain, and assay are not specified. ARO states only that wild-type embR is antibiotic-sensitive; direct binding is not asserted. Evidence status: DATABASE_ASSERTION_ONLY. Source: CARD_ARO 2026-08-30 (retrieved 2026-08-30).

ARO:3003473 (CARD/ARO asserts targeted_by_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

EmbA-EmbB and EmbC-EmbC arabinosyltransferase complexes PROTEIN_COMPLEX DIRECT_BINDING_TARGET

Cryo-EM and X-ray structures contained ethambutol with substrate-bound mycobacterial Emb complexes and localized competitive binding to the shared donor/acceptor site in EmbB and EmbC. Evidence status: PRIMARY_EVIDENCE. Source: PRIMARY_LITERATURE 2020-04 (retrieved 2026-09-02).

Organism-specific examples
Protein	Gene	Organism	Entry
Arabinosyltransferase A `UniProtKB:P9WNL9` EmbA subunit of the M. tuberculosis EmbA-EmbB-AcpM2 complex resolved with ethambutol by cryo-EM (PMID:32327601, PDB 7BVF; H37Rv reference strain context).	embA	Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) `NCBITaxon:83332`	REVIEWED
Arabinosyltransferase B `UniProtKB:P9WNL7` Catalytic EmbB subunit containing the direct ethambutol-binding pocket in the M. tuberculosis EmbA-EmbB-AcpM2 complex (PMID:32327601, PDB 7BVF; H37Rv reference strain context).	embB	Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) `NCBITaxon:83332`	REVIEWED
Arabinosyltransferase C `UniProtKB:P9WNL5` Catalytic EmbC subunit of the homodimeric EmbC-EmbC arabinosyltransferase complex directly bound by ethambutol (PMID:32327601; H37Rv reference strain context; M. smegmatis EmbC2 complex also resolved in the same study).	embC	Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) `NCBITaxon:83332`	REVIEWED

PMID:32327601 (Primary ethambutol-bound arabinosyltransferase structural study (DOI:10.1126/science.aba9102).)

Mechanism summary

Mode of action: CELL_WALL_SYNTHESIS_INHIBITION microbial target — CURATOR: PMID:32327601 resolved ethambutol with mycobacterial EmbA-EmbB and EmbC-EmbC arabinosyltransferase complexes. The drug occupies the donor- and acceptor-substrate site in EmbB and EmbC, explaining inhibition of mycobacterial cell-wall arabinan synthesis and the clustering of resistance mutations near the binding site.

Activity spectrum

Measured or curated activity against specific taxa. A number without a method is not an observation — every row here carries an assay.

338 observations · Browse all observations · Complete record (JSON.gz)

Observations 1–20 of 338

Activity observations
Organism	Activity	MIC	Disk diffusion	Assay	Strain	Sample/genome	Evidence
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.12 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	10 source isolates 10 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.12 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	5 source isolates 5 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.12 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	2 source isolates 2 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.25 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	80 source isolates 80 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.25 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	26 source isolates 26 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.25 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	3 source isolates 3 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.5 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	286 source isolates 286 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.5 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	91 source isolates 91 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	0.5 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	148 source isolates 148 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	1.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	1514 source isolates 1514 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	1.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	202 source isolates 202 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	1.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	325 source isolates 325 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	2.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	1462 source isolates 1462 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	2.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	123 source isolates 123 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	2.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	266 source isolates 266 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	4.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	590 source isolates 590 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	4.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	104 source isolates 104 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	SUSCEPTIBLE	4.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	171 source isolates 171 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	8.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	737 source isolates 737 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	RESISTANT	8.0 mg/L	—	CRyPTIC DST; CRyPTIC; liquid media; microdilution plate; UKMYC5; critical concentration 4.0 mg/L	—	23 source isolates 23 measurements	Evidence Page data (JSON.gz)

Resistance mechanisms

19 source-backed resistance determinants or associations, with ARO grounding where reported. Grouped by reported mechanism type.

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION 19

ANTIBIOTIC_TARGET_ALTERATION
Determinant	ARO ID	Organism	Gene families	Evidence
Ethambutol resistant iniB	ARO:3004136	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004136 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Ethambutol resistant iniC	ARO:3003450	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003450 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1258c mutations confer resistance to ethambutol and capreomycin	ARO:3007185	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3007185 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis aftA mutations confer resistance to ethambutol	ARO:3004951	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004951 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis embA mutant conferring resistance to ethambutol	ARO:3003453	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003453 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis embB with mutation conferring resistance to ethambutol	ARO:3003326	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003326 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis embC mutant conferring resistance to ethambutol	ARO:3003327	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003327 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis embR mutant conferring resistance to ethambutol	ARO:3003455	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003455 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniA mutant conferring resistance to ethambutol	ARO:3003448	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003448 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniB with mutation conferring resistance to ethambutol	ARO:3004135	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004135 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniC mutant conferring resistance to ethambutol	ARO:3003451	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003451 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ubiA mutations confer resistance to ethambutol	ARO:3004950	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3004950 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis embB with mutation conferring resistance to ethambutol	ARO:3003325	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003325 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ethambutol resistant aftA	ARO:3002876	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002876 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ethambutol resistant embA	ARO:3003452	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003452 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ethambutol resistant embB	ARO:3000235	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3000235 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ethambutol resistant embC	ARO:3002706	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3002706 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ethambutol resistant embR	ARO:3003454	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003454 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)
ethambutol resistant iniA	ARO:3003447	not organism-specific	—	ARO:3003447 (CARD/ARO asserts confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ARO:3000497 (ethambutol); database assertion, not a primary citation.)

Causal graphs

Evidence-backed mechanism graphs: how the compound reaches its target, what the target does, and how the effect propagates to growth inhibition or death.

Ethambutol inhibits mycobacterial arabinan synthesis MECHANISTIC

Ethambutol inhibits Emb arabinosyltransferase complexes, reducing arabinan addition to arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan in the mycobacterial cell envelope.

Nodes — ethambutol_emb_arabinan_inhibition
Node	Label	Type	Grounding
`ethambutol`	ethambutol	COMPOUND	`CHEBI:4877`
`embab_complex`	mycobacterial EmbA-EmbB arabinosyltransferase complex Examples: Arabinosyltransferase A (embA) `UniProtKB:P9WNL9`, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) `NCBITaxon:83332` REVIEWED — EmbA subunit of the heterodimeric EmbA-EmbB-AcpM2 arabinosyltransferase complex bound by ethambutol in cryo-EM structures (PMID:32327601, PDB 7BVF; H37Rv reference strain context).; Arabinosyltransferase B (embB) `UniProtKB:P9WNL7`, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) `NCBITaxon:83332` REVIEWED — Catalytic EmbB subunit harboring the conserved ethambutol-binding active-site pocket within the EmbA-EmbB-AcpM2 complex (PMID:32327601, PDB 7BVF; H37Rv reference strain context).	GENE_OR_PROTEIN	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`embc_complex`	mycobacterial EmbC arabinosyltransferase complex Examples: Arabinosyltransferase C (embC) `UniProtKB:P9WNL5`, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) `NCBITaxon:83332` REVIEWED — Catalytic EmbC subunit of the homodimeric EmbC2-AcpM2 lipoarabinomannan arabinosyltransferase complex bound by ethambutol at its active site (PMID:32327601; H37Rv reference strain context).	GENE_OR_PROTEIN	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`arabinogalactan_arabinan`	mycobacterial arabinogalactan arabinan	CHEMICAL	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`lipoarabinomannan_arabinan`	mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan arabinan	CHEMICAL	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`cell_wall_arabinan_synthesis`	mycobacterial cell-wall arabinan synthesis	BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY
`mycobacterial_cell_wall_integrity`	mycobacterial cell-wall integrity	CELL_STRUCTURE	REVIEWED_LABEL_ONLY

Edges — ethambutol_emb_arabinan_inhibition
Subject	Predicate	Object	Evidence
`ethambutol`	binds	`embab_complex`	PMID:32327601 (Zhang and colleagues resolved mycobacterial EmbA-EmbB structures with ethambutol and donor and acceptor substrates.)
`ethambutol`	binds	`embc_complex`	PMID:32327601 (Zhang and colleagues also resolved ethambutol with mycobacterial EmbC complexes and assayed drug inhibition of Emb transferase activity.)
`embab_complex`	participates in	`arabinogalactan_arabinan`	PMID:8876238 (Belanger and colleagues linked embA and embB to mycobacterial cell-wall arabinan biosynthesis and ethambutol susceptibility.) PMID:32327601 (The ethambutol-bound EmbA-EmbB structures captured the substrate binding sites used for arabinofuranose transfer.)
`embc_complex`	participates in	`lipoarabinomannan_arabinan`	PMID:19596878 (Goude and colleagues showed that ethambutol inhibits EmbC-dependent lipoarabinomannan synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.)
`arabinogalactan_arabinan`	participates in	`cell_wall_arabinan_synthesis`	PMID:2817850 (Takayama and Kilburn observed that ethambutol blocked transfer of glucose-derived label into arabinogalactan arabinose in Mycobacterium smegmatis.)
`lipoarabinomannan_arabinan`	participates in	`cell_wall_arabinan_synthesis`	PMID:19596878 (The EmbC inhibition study traced ethambutol-sensitive arabinan synthesis into mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan.)
`cell_wall_arabinan_synthesis`	supports	`mycobacterial_cell_wall_integrity`	PMID:9142129 (Telenti and colleagues identified the M. tuberculosis embCAB cluster through ethambutol resistance and placed Emb activity in mycobacterial cell-wall biosynthesis.)

Record-level evidence

PMID:32327601 (Primary exact-ethambutol Emb-complex structural and resistance study.)

Curation history

SEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Seeded from data/raw/ inventories (ARO, CHEBI)
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-30 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-08-31 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
REVIEWED 2026-09-03 · codex · LLM-assisted
Verified exact ChEBI/CARD stereochemical identity, structure, antimycobacterial role, class, FDA provenance, and retained CARD assertions; added cell-wall arabinan inhibition and the directly observed EmbB/EmbC complexes.
CURATED_CAUSAL_GRAPH 2026-09-04 · codex · LLM-assisted
Added a PMID-supported causal graph for ethambutol inhibition of Emb-dependent mycobacterial cell-wall arabinan synthesis.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-10 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded from updated data/raw/ inventories
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-09-26 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: activity_spectrum (CRYPTIC 3.4.0). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
RESEEDED_FROM_SOURCES 2026-10-05 · seed_from_sources
Re-seeded; changed: activity_membership_collections (CRYPTIC 3.4.0). Upstream retrieval date 2026-08-30, unchanged.
CURATED_UNIPROT_PROTEIN_EXAMPLES 2026-10-18 · antigravity · LLM-assisted
Added curated M. tuberculosis H37Rv EmbA (P9WNL9), EmbB (P9WNL7), and EmbC (P9WNL5) UniProtKB protein examples on the ethambutol_emb_arabinan_inhibition causal graph nodes and the PRIMARY_LITERATURE EmbA-EmbB / EmbC-EmbC arabinosyltransferase complexes molecular target.

Provenance

Seeded by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record (YAML).

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