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SF356 Thermophilic Cellulose-Degrading Community

Community ID CommunityMech:000061
Ecological State STABLE
Environment compost
ENVO:00002170

A stable thermophilic cellulose-degrading consortium (SF356) from composting systems, consisting of five bacterial strains: Clostridium straminisolvens CSK1, Clostridium sp. FG4, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. M1-3, Brevibacillus sp. M1-5, and Bordetella sp. M1-6. The community exhibits both functional and structural stability over 20 subcultures at 50°C. Synergistic interactions occur between the anaerobic cellulolytic Clostridium and aerobic bacteria, where aerobes create anaerobic conditions while receiving acetate and glucose from cellulose fermentation.

Taxonomy

Taxon Ontology ID Functional Roles Abundance
Clostridium straminisolvens CSK1 NCBITaxon:283683
PRIMARY_DEGRADER
DOMINANT
Clostridium sp. FG4 NCBITaxon:319464
PRIMARY_DEGRADER
COMMON
Pseudoxanthomonas sp. M1-3 NCBITaxon:118669
SYNTROPHIC_PARTNER
COMMON
Brevibacillus sp. M1-5 NCBITaxon:55524
SYNTROPHIC_PARTNER
COMMON
Bordetella sp. M1-6 NCBITaxon:118667
SYNTROPHIC_PARTNER
COMMON

Ecological Interactions

Ecological interaction network for SF356 Thermophilic Cellulose-Degrading Community Bipartite graph where circle nodes represent taxa and colored rectangles represent ecological interactions (cross-feeding, mutualism, syntrophy, competition, commensalism).
Taxon
Cross-feeding
Mutualism
Syntrophy
Competition
Commensalism

Thermophilic Cellulose Hydrolysis

COMMENSALISM

Source Taxon: Clostridium straminisolvens CSK1

Metabolites: cellulose (CHEBI:18246), glucose (CHEBI:17234), acetate (CHEBI:30089)

Biological Processes:

Downstream Effects:
→ Oxygen Consumption and Anaerobiosis Creation

Evidence

  • PMID:16269746 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "straminisolvens CSK1 supplied metabolites (acetate and glucose)"

Oxygen Consumption and Anaerobiosis Creation

MUTUALISM

Source Taxon: Pseudoxanthomonas sp. M1-3

Target Taxon: Brevibacillus sp. M1-5

Metabolites: glucose (CHEBI:17234), acetate (CHEBI:30089), oxygen (CHEBI:15379)

Biological Processes:

Evidence

  • PMID:16269746 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "straminisolvens CSK1) and two strains of aerobic bacteria (Pseudoxanthomonas sp. strain M1-3 and Brevibacillus sp. strain M1-5) were observed; the aerobes introduced anaerobic conditions, and C"

Complementary Cellulolytic Activity

CROSS_FEEDING

Source Taxon: Clostridium sp. FG4

Target Taxon: Clostridium straminisolvens CSK1

Metabolites: cellulose (CHEBI:18246), glucose (CHEBI:17234), acetate (CHEBI:30089)

Biological Processes:

Evidence

  • PMID:16269746 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "A cellulose-degrading defined mixed culture (designated SF356) consisting of five bacterial strains (Clostridium straminisolvens CSK1, Clostridium sp. strain FG4, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. strain M1-3, Brevibacillus sp. strain M1-5, and Bordetella sp. strain M1-6) exhibited both functional and structural stability; namely, no change in cellulose-degrading efficiency was observed, and all members stably coexisted through 20 subcultures"

Aerobic Metabolic Support and Community Structuring

SYNTROPHY

Source Taxon: Bordetella sp. M1-6

Target Taxon: Pseudoxanthomonas sp. M1-3

Metabolites: oxygen (CHEBI:15379), glucose (CHEBI:17234), acetate (CHEBI:30089)

Biological Processes:

Evidence

  • PMID:16269746 - SUPPORT (IN_VITRO)
    "A cellulose-degrading defined mixed culture (designated SF356) consisting of five bacterial strains (Clostridium straminisolvens CSK1, Clostridium sp. strain FG4, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. strain M1-3, Brevibacillus sp. strain M1-5, and Bordetella sp. strain M1-6) exhibited both functional and structural stability; namely, no change in cellulose-degrading efficiency was observed, and all members stably coexisted through 20 subcultures"

Environmental Factors

Factor Value Unit
Temperature 50-55°C N/A
pH 7.5 N/A
Stability 20 subcultures N/A
Oxygen gradient aerobic to anaerobic N/A

Growth Media

PCS-FP medium for thermophilic cellulose degradation (CultureMech:015439)

View in CultureMech →

pH 8.0
Temperature 50 degrees Celsius
Atmosphere AEROBIC

Composition

Component Concentration Unit CHEBI
Filter paper (cellulose substrate) 10 g/L CHEBI:18246
Calcium carbonate 2 g/L CHEBI:3311
Yeast extract 1 g/L N/A
Peptone 5 g/L N/A
Sodium chloride 5 g/L CHEBI:26710

Preparation notes: PCS basal medium (peptone-cellulose-salt) supplemented with filter paper as cellulose substrate and calcium carbonate buffer. Medium prepared with loose caps to allow oxygen entry while maintaining high humidity. Static (non-shaking) incubation. The aerobic members (Pseudoxanthomonas, Brevibacillus, Bordetella) consume oxygen to create localized anaerobic microenvironments for the cellulolytic Clostridium species. Inoculum volume: 40 microliters per 4 mL medium. Subculture protocol: 40-700 microliters transferred to fresh medium after 6 days.

Evidence

PMID:16269746

"A cellulose-degrading defined mixed culture (designated SF356) consisting of five bacterial strains (Clostridium straminisolvens CSK1, Clostridium sp. strain FG4, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. strain M1-3, Brevibacillus sp. strain M1-5, and Bordetella sp. strain M1-6) exhibited both functional and structural stability"

PMID:15545431

"The optimum temperature and initial pH for its growth and cellulose degradation are 50-55 degrees C and pH 7.5"