rhoptry membrane

GO:0033016 · Membrane organelle · Membrane · Proposed

The lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry. [GO:0033016]

Part of: rhoptry (GO:0020008)

Components

Component	Type	Part of / acts on	Grounding	Genes	Stoichiometry	Essential	Role
rhoptry lipid bilayer	Lipid	part of	Reviewed label only (reviewed name; no accession asserted)			ESSENTIAL	Generic lipid-bilayer constituent that surrounds a rhoptry and separates its secretory lumen from the parasite cytosol. `GO:0033016` GO:0033016 defines the rhoptry membrane as the lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry. `DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1800` Boothroyd and Dubremetz 2008 review Toxoplasma rhoptries as membrane-bounded secretory organelles with neck and bulb compartments.

NCBITaxon:5794 Apicomplexa — COMMON: Rhoptry membranes are the bounding lipid bilayers of apicomplexan rhoptries, secretory organelles whose number and morphology vary among lineages and invasive stages. [DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00197-22]

NCBITaxon:5811 Toxoplasma gondii — Apicomplexan model whose membrane-bounded rhoptries are organized into neck and bulb compartments during host-cell invasion. [DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1800]

rhoptry lumen boundary — The rhoptry membrane forms the lipid-bilayer boundary around the neck-and-bulb secretory lumen of the rhoptry.
- GO:0033016 GO:0033016 defines the rhoptry membrane as the lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry.
- GO:0034591 GO:0034591 defines the rhoptry lumen as the volume enclosed by the rhoptry membrane.

The rhoptry membrane is the lipid bilayer that bounds the rhoptry and encloses the lumen that stores rhoptry contents before secretion.

Subject	Predicate	Object	Evidence
rhoptry membrane	is part of	rhoptry	`GO:0033016` GO:0033016 defines the rhoptry membrane as surrounding a rhoptry. `DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1800` Boothroyd and Dubremetz 2008 review Toxoplasma rhoptries as membrane-bounded secretory organelles.
rhoptry lumen	is enclosed by	rhoptry membrane	`GO:0034591` GO:0034591 defines the rhoptry lumen as the volume enclosed by the rhoptry membrane.
rhoptry	supports	rhoptry secretion	`DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1800` Boothroyd and Dubremetz 2008 review rhoptry discharge during Toxoplasma host-cell invasion.

CURATION_TODO (OPEN): Resolve an exact source-neutral grounding for the generic lipid constituent of the rhoptry membrane. The record is exactly grounded to GO:0033016, but no rhoptry-specific lipid or lipid-bilayer CURIE was curated for the membrane constituent.

GO:0033016 Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the rhoptry membrane.
GO:0031090 Gene Ontology cellular-component parent term for organelle membrane.
GO:0020008 Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the rhoptry.
GO:0034591 Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the rhoptry lumen.
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1800 Boothroyd and Dubremetz 2008, Kiss and spit: the dual roles of Toxoplasma rhoptries, Nature Reviews Microbiology.
DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00197-22 Waller and Carruthers 2024, Adaptations and metabolic evolution of myzozoan protists across diverse lifestyles and environments, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.

2026-09-13T12:23:45Z codex · CREATED_RECORD — Scaffolded by scripts/new_record.py
2026-09-13T12:24:21Z codex · EXPANDED_RECORD — Added organelle-membrane parentage, rhoptry parthood, a label-only rhoptry lipid bilayer component, Apicomplexa and Toxoplasma gondii scope, a lumen-boundary function, GO/DOI evidence, a nonmechanistic rhoptry-membrane topology graph, and a lipid-grounding TODO.
2026-09-20T21:58:46Z codex · ADDRESSED_REVIEW — Retyped the rhoptry lumen graph node as CELLULAR_LOCALIZATION.