Membrane organelle

An acidic electron-dense membrane-bounded organelle found in diverse microbes that stores polyphosphate, pyrophosphate, calcium and other cations and uses proton pumps and cation transporters to maintain its ion-rich matrix.

The acidocalcisome compartment bounded by the acidocalcisomal membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding an acidocalcisome.

A secretory granule beneath the cell or axopodial surface of actinophryid protists, containing amorphous electron-dense material released during prey capture.

A ladderane-lipid-bounded intracytoplasmic organelle of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing Planctomycetota that localizes the hydrazine-producing anammox catabolic pathway and its energy-conserving membrane reactions.

The single ladderane-lipid-containing bilayer membrane that surrounds the anammoxosome.

Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix found in a apicomplexan parasite; contains proteins destined to be secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole following parasite invasion of a host cell.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense granule of the type found in apicomplexan parasites.

The plastid organelle found in apicomplexans.

Any of the lipid bilayers that surround an apicoplast and form the apicoplast envelope.

A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.

The volume enclosed within the autophagosome double-membrane.

The membrane surrounding the autophagosome.

A thylakoid that is derived from and attached to, but not necessarily continuous with, the plasma membrane, and is not enclosed in a plastid. It bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic cyanobacteria.

An intracellular membrane-bounded particle found in fungi and containing chitin synthase; it synthesizes chitin microfibrils. Chitin synthase activity exists in chitosomes and they are proposed to act as a reservoir for regulated transport of chitin synthase enzymes to the division septum.

A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope; also faces the chloroplast stroma.

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope.

Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chloroplast and form the chloroplast envelope.

The cytoplasm-facing lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope.

The internal space enclosed by the chloroplast double membrane but excluding the thylakoid space.

Sac-like membranous structures in a chloroplast combined into stacks, or grana, and present singly in the stroma as stroma thylakoids or frets that interconnect grana.

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid.

The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid.

A large light-harvesting antenna organelle of green photosynthetic bacteria in which bacteriochlorophyll aggregates self-assemble inside a lipid envelope and attach to the cytoplasmic membrane through a bacteriochlorophyll a-containing CsmA baseplate.

The structure, composed of a monolayer of glycolipids with embedded proteins, that encloses the pigments and other contents of the chlorosome.

That part of the plasma membrane found in the ciliary pocket (also called flagellar pocket).

The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the convex side of the Golgi apparatus, which abuts the endoplasmic reticulum.

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the cis-Golgi network.

A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.

A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.

The clathrin-coated vesicle compartment bounded by the clathrin-coated vesicle membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.

Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.

A membrane-bounded intracellular compartment of coccolithophores that encloses a developing calcite coccolith. Its bounding membrane surrounds the site of coccolith mineralization and can change shape as the crystals grow.

The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole.

A specialized vacuole of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.

A non-membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.

The contractile vacuole compartment bounded by the contractile vacuole membrane.

Stable structure that regulates the flow of liquid between the contractile vacuole and the surrounding medium.

A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPI coat complex proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state, are involved in Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum (retrograde) vesicle transport, and possibly also in intra-Golgi transport.

The COPI-coated vesicle compartment bounded by the COPI-coated vesicle membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle.

A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins. The COPII coat complex is formed by the Sec23p/Sec24p and the Sec13p/Sec31p heterodimers. COPII-associated vesicles transport proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus (anterograde transport).

The COPII-coated vesicle compartment bounded by the COPII-coated vesicle membrane.

A cytosolic vesicle that is enclosed by a double membrane and is implicated in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway. These vesicles are found in the yeast S. cerevisiae, and contain vacuolar hydrolases, aminopeptidase I (Ape1p) and alpha-mannosidase (Ams1p).

The Cvt vesicle compartment bounded by the Cvt vesicle membrane.

Either lipid bilayer membrane surrounding a Cvt vesicle, a double membrane-layered vesicle implicated in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway.

A plastid that contains unstacked, phycobilisome-bearing thylakoid membranes and is surrounded by a double membrane with a peptidoglycan layer in the intermembrane space between the two envelope membranes. Cyanelles are characteristic of algae in the class Glaucophyta, and may represent an ancestral form of plastid.

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the cyanelle and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope; also faces the cyanelle stroma.

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the cyanelle envelope; includes the peptidoglycan layer.

Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a cyanelle and form the cyanelle envelope.

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope.

The space enclosed by the double membrane of a cyanelle.

A thylakoid found in a cyanelle, which is a type of plastid found in certain algae. The cyanelle contains a photosynthetic membrane resembling that of cyanobacteria.

The cyanelle compartment bounded by the thylakoid membranes.

The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a cyanelle, a photosynthetic organelle of glaucocystophyte algae.

A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

The volume enclosed by a cytoplasmic vesicle.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.

An obligate, membrane-bounded nitrogen-fixing compartment of Epithemia diatoms containing a reduced, nonphotosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbiont; a metabolically integrated proto-organelle whose genetic integration remains unresolved.

A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an early endosome.

The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.

A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance. Endocytic vesicles fuse with early endosomes to deliver the cargo for further sorting.

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endocytic vesicle.

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.

The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.

A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endosome.

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.

The outermost lipid bilayer surrounding complex plastids in organisms that acquired their plastids through secondary endosymbiosis. This membrane is derived from the host cell's endomembrane system and is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the outer nuclear envelope. In some species, the cytoplasmic face may be studded with ribosomes.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

A vesicle filled with crystalline protein that shows sequence similarities with various esterases.

The volume enclosed by the esterosome membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding an esterosome.

A dense granule-like organelle of the apical complex of merozoites, released into the parasitophorous vacuole, mediating protease-dependent rupture and parasite exit from the infected erythrocyte.

A small pigmented organelle used in single-celled organisms to detect light.

A bacterial lipid-bounded iron-storage organelle that contains iron-, phosphorus- and oxygen-rich material and forms through Fez protein-dependent machinery.

Invagination of the plasma membrane from which a flagellum protrudes.

A vacuole within a parasite used for digestion of the host cell cytoplasm.

A vacuole that has both lytic and storage functions. The fungal vacuole is a large, membrane-bounded organelle that functions as a reservoir for small molecules and as the primary compartment for degradation.

The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of the fungal-type vacuole.

The lipid bilayer surrounding the fungal-type vacuole.

A membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis.

The volume enclosed by the glycosome membrane.

The membrane surrounding the glycosome.

The volume enclosed by the glyoxysome membrane.

The membrane surrounding the glyoxysome.

A specialized form of peroxisome that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. The glyoxysome is found in some plant cells, notably the cells of germinating seeds.

A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.

Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus.

Any of the thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.

The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a hydrogenosome.

A spherical, membrane-bounded organelle found in some anaerobic protozoa, which participates in ATP and molecular hydrogen formation.

The volume enclosed by the hydrogenosome membrane.

An apicomplexan double-membrane pellicle structure formed by flattened vesicles beneath the plasma membrane.

A mitochondrial membrane-enclosed deposit compartment characterized in budding yeast that sequesters aggregated matrix proteins, often near the nucleus and separated from the remaining tubular mitochondrial network.

A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a late endosome.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.

A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains polyploid copies of a portion of the cell's complete genome. Transcription of genes occurs in macronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple macronuclei per cell.

A membrane-bounded organelle of magnetotactic bacteria enclosing a nanocrystal of a magnetic iron mineral — magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4). Magnetosomes are invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane that are filled with iron, and are arranged into a chain along a cytoskeletal filament so that the cell behaves as a swimming compass needle.

The volume enclosed by the magnetosome membrane.

The lipid bilayer membrane surrounding a magnetosome.

A disk-like structure that appears at the periphery of a red blood cell infected by an apicomplexan parasite, characterized by a translucent lumen and an electron-dense coat of variable thickness; often appears to be tethered to the host cell membrane by fibrous connections with the erythrocyte cytoskeleton.

A cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle in aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, built from intracytoplasmic membranes that house particulate methane monooxygenase and associated electron-transfer proteins for methane catabolism.

A small, elongated secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex, located along the main axis of an apicomplexan parasite cell within the extreme apical region and at the periphery under the inner membrane complex. Of the specialized secretory compartments identified in apicomplexans, micronemes discharge their contents first, during initial contact of the parasite's apical pole with the host cell surface. Micronemal proteins function during parasite attachment and penetration into the target cell.

The volume enclosed by the microneme membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a microneme.

A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains a diploid copy of the cell's complete genome. Sections of contiguous sequence in the macronucleus are often interrupted by internal eliminated sequences (IES), and may be permuted, in micronuclei. Genic transcription is not found in micronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple micronuclei per cell.

A membrane-bounded posterior vesicle in a microsporidian spore that expands during germination and is implicated in polar-tube extrusion and sporoplasm expulsion.

Any of the inward folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their number, extent, and shape differ in mitochondria from different tissues and organisms. They appear to be devices for increasing the surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the enzymes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are found. Their shape can vary with the respiratory state of the mitochondria.

A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.

An inducible compartment characterized in budding yeast that remodels the outer mitochondrial membrane into multilamellar domains, selectively concentrates membrane-associated proteins, and can enclose cytosolic material.

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.

The portion of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is not invaginated to form cristae and lies parallel to the outer membrane.

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope.

The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.

Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

A double-membrane-bounded organelle that functions in iron-sulfur protein maturation; evolutionarily derived from mitochondria. The mitosome has been detected only in anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms that do not have mitochondria, such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several species of Microsporidia. These organisms are not capable of gaining energy from oxidative phosphorylation, which is normally performed by mitochondria.

The mitosomal envelope comprises the inner and outer mitosomal membrane including the intermembrane space.

The inner membrane of a mitosome is the membrane which separates the mitosomal matrix from the intermembrane space.

The mitosomal intermembrane space is the space between inner and outer mitosomal membranes.

The matrix of a mitosome is the mitosomal internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane.

The outer membrane of a mitosome is the mitosomal membrane facing the cytoplasm.

A small, threadlike secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex and lies close to the subpellicular microtubules.

A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, in the pellicle of ciliate protozoans that discharges a mucus-like secretion.

A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.

A membrane-bounded vesicle inside a multivesicular body that forms when the limiting endosomal membrane buds inward and pinches into the lumen during multivesicular body sorting.

The multivesicular body compartment bounded by the multivesicular body membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a multivesicular body.

A membrane-bounded nitrogen-fixing organelle derived from a UCYN-A cyanobacterium within a Braarudosphaera haptophyte; characterized in B. bigelowii by coordinated division and evidence for host-encoded protein import.

The double lipid bilayer that encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm. It consists of an inner and outer nuclear membrane, with an intermembrane space (20-40 nm wide, also called the perinuclear space) between them. The envelope is supported by the nuclear lamina and contains nuclear pore complexes, which regulate molecular transport.

The region between the two lipid bilayers of the nuclear envelope.

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope.

The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane.

A reticulating double-membrane network characterized inside the nucleus of the dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidii. Its strands interconnect dinomitotic tunnels and the peripheral nuclear envelope, with regularly spaced swellings along the inner strands; the network is continuous with and forms part of the nuclear envelope.

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope.

A small, vestigial nucleus found in some plastids that derive from a eukaryotic endosymbiont. Observed in chlorarachniophytes and cryptomonads, which acquired their plastids from a green and red alga respectively.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing.

A bacteroid-containing symbiosome in which the bacterial component is a genetically highly reduced cyanobacterium that is photosynthetically active

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.

Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.

A thylakoid located in an organellar chromatophore

The volume enclosed by an organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane.

The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within an organellar chromatophore.

A membrane-bounded vesicle found predominantly in Plasmodium female gametocytes, that becomes progressively more abundant as the gametocyte reaches full maturity. These vesicles lie beneath the subpellicular membrane of the gametocyte, and the release of their contents into the parasitophorous vacuole has been postulated to aid in the escape of gametocytes from the erythrocyte after ingestion by the mosquito.

A membrane-bounded host-cell vacuole in which an invading apicomplexan parasite resides and develops; its bounding parasitophorous vacuolar membrane is initiated during host-cell invasion and surrounds the intracellular parasite.

The parasitophorous vacuole compartment bounded by the membrane of the parasitophorous vacuole.

The membrane surrounding the parasitophorous vacuole.

The lipid bilayer that forms the second outermost membrane of complex plastids in organisms that acquired their plastids through secondary endosymbiosis. The periplastidial membrane is evolutionarily derived from the plasma membrane of the engulfed algal endosymbiont and together with the outer envelope membrane of the plastid defines the periplastidial compartment.

The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome.

A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells; it contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.

A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.

The volume enclosed by a phagocytic vesicle membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagocytic vesicle.

A membrane enriched in complexes formed of reaction centers, accessory pigments and electron carriers, in which photosynthetic reactions take place.

The lipid bilayer associated with a plasma membrane-derived chromatophore; surrounds chromatophores that form complete vesicles.

The internal lumen enclosed by a plasma membrane-derived bacterial thylakoid.

The pigmented membrane of a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.

Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.

The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope; also faces the plastid stroma.

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the plastid envelope.

Any lipid bilayer that surrounds a plastid or is part of the plastid envelope. Primary plastids (in plants, green algae, red algae, and glaucophytes) are surrounded by two membranes; complex plastids derived from secondary endosymbiosis are surrounded by three or four membranes.

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope.

The ground substance of a plastid.

Any thylakoid within a plastid.

The volume enclosed by a plastid thylakoid membrane.

The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a plastid.

A membrane-bounded organelle found in a microsporidian spore that swells with water and exerts pressure to rupture the polar cap and evert the polar tube.

A dinoflagellate membrane organelle connected to a flagellar canal, comprising sacs, tubules or collecting chambers with associated diverticula. Its wall includes an invaginated plasma membrane apposed to vacuolar membrane; the canal-connected lumen is not a sealed intracellular compartment.

A specialized membranous structure that extends from the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane into and transverses the matrix of a pyrenoid.

An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.

The volume enclosed by the membranes of a recycling endosome.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a recycling endosome.

A posterior, membrane-bounded endocytic organelle in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes that receives internalized macromolecular cargo.

The volume enclosed by the membranes of a reservosome.

A matrix composed of planar membranes, vesicles and lipid inclusions within the reservosome.

A large, club-shaped secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite, and consists of a bulbous body and a narrow electron-dense neck that extends through the conoid at the apical tip of the parasite. The rhoptry necks serve as ducts through which the contents of the rhoptries are secreted after attachment to the host has been completed and at the commencement of invasion. Rhoptry proteins function in the biogenesis and host organellar association of the parasitophorous vacuole.

The volume enclosed by the rhoptry membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry.

Narrow, electron-dense part of the rhoptry that extends through the conoid at the apical tip of an apicomplexan parasite.

A cytoplasmic light-emitting compartment of certain dinoflagellates that produces bioluminescence upon acidification in the presence of oxygen.

A network of tubules and vesicles that is part of a contractile vacuole complex and participates in external water discharge during osmoregulation.

A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic bacteria and within chloroplasts.

The pigmented photosynthetic membrane of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, enriched in photosystems, cytochrome b6f, ATP synthase, plastoquinone and glycolipids, where light-driven electron transport builds the proton motive force for photosynthetic ATP synthesis.

A ciliate offensive extrusome that stores toxic discharge material and ejects on prey contact to immobilize prey during raptorial feeding.

The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination.

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the trans-Golgi network.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.

A crystalline exocytotic organelle composed of small, acidic proteins existing primarily as disulphide-linked dimers. The trichocyst releases long filamentous proteins that capture predators in net-like structures to slow them down when the cell is disturbed.

The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.

A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.

A peroxisome-derived dense-core vesicle of filamentous fungi that seals septal pores upon hyphal wounding.