dinoflagellate epicone

GO:0097613 · Other · Subcellular region · Proposed

The part of a dinoflagellate cell above the cingulum; also referred to as the anterior portion of a dinoflagellate cell. It is separated from the hypocone by the cingulum. [GO:0097613]

Synonyms: epicone; episome; epitheca

Has part: dinoflagellate apex (GO:0097683); dinoflagellate apical groove (GO:0097685)

UniProt location names: UniProt Consortium, CC BY 4.0. Reference label and route sources.

Taxonomic distribution

NCBITaxon:2864 Dinophyceae — VARIABLE: GO:0097613 defines the dinoflagellate epicone as the part of a dinoflagellate cell above the cingulum. [GO:0097613]

Mechanism graphs

Epicone topology (FUNCTION)

The dinoflagellate epicone is a cellular anatomical structure that has the dinoflagellate apex and apical groove as parts, lies anterior to the hypocone, and is separated from the hypocone by the cingulum.

Subject	Predicate	Object	Evidence
dinoflagellate epicone	is a	cellular anatomical structure	`GO:0097613` The GO graph links GO:0097613 to GO:0110165 by rdfs:subClassOf.
dinoflagellate epicone	has part	dinoflagellate apex	`GO:0097613` The QuickGO GO:0097613 payload lists GO:0097683 as a part_of child term.
dinoflagellate epicone	has part	dinoflagellate apical groove	`GO:0097613` The QuickGO GO:0097613 payload lists GO:0097685 as a part_of child term.
dinoflagellate epicone	is separated from	dinoflagellate hypocone	`GO:0097613` The GO:0097613 definition describes the cingulum as separating the epicone from the hypocone.
dinoflagellate cingulum	separates	dinoflagellate epicone	`GO:0097613` The GO:0097613 definition states that the epicone is separated from the hypocone by the cingulum.

Discussions

CURATION_TODO (OPEN): Add epicone molecular components only after directly localized constituents and exact source-neutral family groundings have been identified. GO defines the dinoflagellate epicone as a subcellular region above the cingulum, but this pass did not find exact family-level evidence for epicone-specific molecular constituents.
INTERPRETATION (RESOLVED): Keep dinoflagellate apex separate from the general dinoflagellate epicone unless curating the narrower GO:0097683 class. QuickGO lists GO:0097683 as a part_of child of GO:0097613, so the dinoflagellate apex should be modeled as an epicone part rather than folded into the whole epicone record as an exact synonym.
INTERPRETATION (RESOLVED): Keep dinoflagellate hypocone separate from the dinoflagellate epicone unless curating the posterior GO:0097614 class. GO:0097614 is the posterior counterpart of GO:0097613 and is separated from the epicone by the cingulum, so it should not be modeled as a synonym or part of the anterior epicone region.

Evidence

GO:0097613 Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the dinoflagellate epicone.
GO:0110165 Gene Ontology cellular-component parent term for cellular anatomical structure.
GO:0097683 Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the dinoflagellate apex, which QuickGO lists as a part_of child of GO:0097613.
GO:0097685 Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the dinoflagellate apical groove, which QuickGO lists as a part_of child of GO:0097613.
GO:0097611 Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the dinoflagellate cingulum named in the GO:0097613 definition.
GO:0097614 Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the dinoflagellate hypocone named in the GO:0097613 definition.

Curation history

2026-10-02T18:07:28Z codex · CREATED_RECORD — Scaffolded by scripts/new_record.py
2026-10-02T18:08:41Z codex · EXPANDED_RECORD — Added GO epicone synonymy, GO cellular-anatomical-structure parentage, dinoflagellate apex and apical-groove part topology, Dinophyceae taxon evidence, record-level adjacent GO evidence, and curation discussions for molecular components and the epicone/apex boundary.
2026-10-02T18:22:29Z codex · ADDRESSED_PR_REVIEW — Addressed PR #1930 review issues #1931 and #1932 by documenting GO:0097614 dinoflagellate hypocone as a sibling of the epicone and adding cingulum/hypocone boundary topology to the epicone graph.

Source: data/structures/other/dinoflagellate_epicone.yaml