Other

A protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a glucose group from UDP-glucose to a (1->3)-beta-D-glucan chain.

Enzyme complex consisting of four proteins: the two subunits of the hydroxylase component (hcaE and hcaF), a ferredoxin (hcaC) and a ferredoxin reductase (hcaD). Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) into cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol (PP-dihydrodiol).

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and generally no other subunits, though Xenopus is an exception with a third non-conserved subunit. ACF plays roles in regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.

An Escherichia coli tripartite multidrug efflux pump complex composed of AcrB inner-membrane RND transporters, AcrA periplasmic adaptor proteins, and the TolC outer-membrane channel that exports xenobiotics across the cell envelope.

An Escherichia coli RND-family cell-envelope efflux pump complex composed of AcrA, AcrD, and TolC subunits that exports aminoglycosides and other xenobiotic substrates across the cell envelope.

An Escherichia coli Resistance-Nodulation-Division-family cell-envelope efflux pump complex composed of AcrE, AcrF, and TolC subunits that exports acriflavines, indoles, and other xenobiotic substrates across the cell envelope.

A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and H2B. In budding yeast shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of ADA2-GCN5-NGG1-SGF29 with the related SAGA complex.

A protein complex capable of alkanesulfonate monooxygenase activity. Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation, catalyzing the conversion of alkanesulfonates into aldehydes and sulfite. In E.coli the complex consists of a SsuD tetramer.

A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which are capable of catalyzing the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA and the subsequent synthesis of a small stretch of DNA.

High affinity ammonium transporter complex that enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other.

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-1-containing coats are normally found primarily in the trans-Golgi network. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits, and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle, and the cargo receptors during receptor/clathrin mediated endocytosis. Vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. AP-3 does not appear to associate with clathrin in all organisms. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B).

An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta4, epsilon, mu4 and sigma4 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the trans-Golgi network; it is not clear whether AP-4 forms clathrin coats in vivo.

An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.

Any of several heterotetrameric complexes that link clathrin (or another coat-forming molecule, as hypothesized for AP-3 and AP-4) to a membrane surface; they are found on coated pits and coated vesicles, and mediate sorting of cargo proteins into vesicles. Each AP complex contains two large (a beta and one of either an alpha, gamma, delta, or epsilon) subunits (110-130 kDa), a medium (mu) subunit (approximately 50 kDa), and a small (sigma) subunit (15-20 kDa).

A group of cytoskeletal structures and associated membrane-bounded organelles at the anterior end of apicomplexan parasites that supports host-cell attachment, penetration, and parasite proliferation.

Small membrane vesicle (< 1 um) that buds off a prokaryotic cell plasma membrane, able to carry proteins, phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, nucleic acids, viruses, and more. Important in intercellular communication and pathogenesis; can exist within host cells.

A spherical, bilayered proteolipid vesicle released from gram-negative bacterial outer membranes.

A protein-DNA complex that forms at the bacterial oriC during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.

A bacterial outer-membrane beta-barrel protein assembly machine in which the BamA beta-barrel core and associated outer-membrane lipoproteins fold and insert beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane.

A membrane-associated protein complex found in archaea that consists of sugar binding proteins assembled via a type IV pilin-like assembly system. The complex is located at the cell surface and functions in sugar uptake by facilitating the interaction between solute binding proteins and ABC transporters. The complex forms high molecular mass structures (400-600 kDa) that are integrated within or closely associated with the S-layer.

A conserved heterotrimeric protein complex that promotes histone H3 and H4 deposition onto newly synthesized DNA during replication or DNA repair; specifically facilitates replication-dependent nucleosome assembly with the major histone H3 (H3.1). In many species the CAF-1 subunits are designated p150, p60, and p48.

A multisubunit protein complex that binds to centromeric DNA and initiates kinetochore assembly. In yeast, this complex consists of four subunits, namely Ctf13p, Skp1p, Cep3p and Cbf2p.

The core of the CCR4-NOT complex. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Caf40p, Caf130p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p.

The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.

A cellular outgrowth formed during budding reproduction that remains connected to a mother cell while it grows into a new individual.

The constricted cellular region between a mother cell and its daughter bud in budding organisms.

Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the neck of a fungal bud before and during cytokinesis.

The distal region of a cellular bud opposite the mother-cell attachment site.

Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal bud.

An extracellular membraneless organelle built around scaffoldin and dockerin-bearing enzymes that synergistically degrade insoluble plant-cell-wall polysaccharides.

A multisubunit ring-shaped complex that mediates protein folding in the cytosol without a cofactor.

Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.

A membrane coat found on coated pits and some coated vesicles; consists of polymerized clathrin triskelions, each comprising three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, linked to the membrane via one of the AP adaptor complexes.

The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.

A clathrin coat found on an endocytic vesicle.

A clathrin coat found on a vesicle of the trans-Golgi network.

A part of the endomembrane system in the form of an invagination of a membrane upon which a clathrin coat forms, and that can be converted by vesicle budding into a clathrin-coated vesicle. Coated pits form on the plasma membrane, where they are involved in receptor-mediated selective transport of many proteins and other macromolecules across the cell membrane, in the trans-Golgi network, and on some endosomes.

A membrane vesicle coat whose core lattice is built from clathrin and that coats clathrin-coated vesicles.

A nuclear body that contains proteins involved in pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, such as DDX1, CSTF2 and CPSFs, as well as the transcription factors TFIIE and TFIIF. Cleavage bodies are localized adjacent to Cajal bodies and are involved in mRNA3'-end processing.

A protein complex that contains the GINS complex, Cdc45p, and the heterohexameric MCM complex, and that is involved in unwinding DNA during replication.

A multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR family (complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods) that has a role in tethering vesicles to the Golgi prior to fusion. Composed of 8 subunits COG1-8.

A kinetochore multiprotein complex that bridges the subunits that are in contact with centromeric DNA and the subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly. In yeast, consists of Ctf19p, Okp1p, Mcm21p, and Ame1p.

A COPI membrane vesicle coat complex found associated with Golgi membranes; it forms on COPI-coated vesicles that mediate Golgi-to-endoplasmic-reticulum retrograde transport.

A COPII coat protein complex that assembles on endoplasmic-reticulum membranes to bud COPII-coated ER-to-Golgi transport vesicles; in budding yeast it contains Sar1p, Sec23p, Sec24p, Sec13p, and Sec31p.

A protein-DNA complex containing at least one DNA helicase and one primase. Can also contain associated proteins. The helicase component continues to unwind the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and the primase component synthesizes a RNA primer during initiation or restart of replication.

The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.

The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 (NEF3).

A multimeric protein complex that acts as an endosomal tethering complex (CORVET = class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) by cooperating with Rab GTPases to capture endosomal vesicles and trap them prior to the action of SNAREs; the complex is involved in endo-lysosomal biogenesis and required for transport between endosome and vacuole. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex contains Vps8p, Vps3p, Pep5p, Vps16p, Pep3p, and Vps33p.

A WDR1-containing Cullin4-DDB1 protein complex characterized in procyclic Trypanosoma brucei. The named CRL4WDR1 association participates in regulation of TbPLK protein turnover; its complete catalytic composition and direct ubiquitination of TbPLK have not been established.

A heptameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and plays a vital role in chromosome cohesion. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Ctf18p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, Rfc5p, Dcc1p, and Ctf8p.

A cullin-RING protein complex defined by the Cullin-E scaffold, experimentally characterized in Trypanosoma brucei by co-isolation with Rbx1, Skp1.2 and kelch-domain proteins. The associated kelch proteins are candidate client-recognition subunits; simultaneous occupancy and fixed stoichiometry have not been established.

A protein complex that is involved in the Cvt pathway. In budding yeast, the Cvt complex consists of multimers of preApe1p.

Stable, specialized structure for the ingestion of food by the cell into phagosomes.

A large protein complex, containing around 8-10 subunits in yeast, including Duo1p, Dam1p, Dad1p and Ask1p. The complex forms part of the outer kinetochore, associates with microtubules when the kinetochore attaches to the spindle, and plays a role in spindle attachment, chromosome segregation and spindle stability.

A heterodimeric protein complex required for the activation of DNA replication origins; comprises a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (in Saccharomyces, Cdc7p and Dbf4p, respectively); complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins.

A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex whose subunit composition differs among species and that functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair, and excision repair; in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA polymerase delta contains Pol3, Pol31, and Pol32 subunits.

A homotetrameric protein complex consisting of a symmetrical pair of DiaA homodimers. Facilitates DnaA binding to the origin of replication during replication initiation.

The anterior most point of a dinoflagellate hypocone.

A horn-shaped dinoflagellate antapex found in thecate species.

The anterior most point of a dinoflagellate epicone.

A cell surface furrow (or groove) found on a dinoflagellate apex. It typically loops around the apex.

A horn-shaped dinoflagellate apex found in thecate species.

A cell surface furrow that wraps around a dinoflagellate cell; the transverse flagellum lies in it.

The part of a dinoflagellate cell above the cingulum; also referred to as the anterior portion of a dinoflagellate cell. It is separated from the hypocone by the cingulum.

The part of a dinoflagellate cell below the cingulum; also referred to as the posterior portion of a dinoflagellate cell. It is separated from the epicone by the cingulum.

A dinoflagellate sulcus that extends all the way to the posterior end of the cell (also known as antapex). The presence of a sulcal notch makes the dinoflagellate hypocone appear bilobed.

A cell surface furrow that occurs on the ventral side of a dinoflagellate cell. It partially houses the longitudinal flagellum. The sulcus intersects with the cingulum on the ventral side of a dinoflagellate cell.

DNA gyrase complex is a bacterial GyrA2-GyrB2 type IIA topoisomerase complex that uses ATP hydrolysis to introduce negative supercoils into DNA and can also relax positive supercoils.

A subcomplex of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme which is responsible for tethering the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase to DNA during high-speed replication. The complex is homodimeric in prokaryotes, and homotrimeric in other species.

A dimer composed of the chi and psi subunits which is a subassembly of the DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex and serves as a bridge between the DnaX complex and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB).

A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.

A DNA polymerase III holoenzyme complex organized into a Pol III core, a beta sliding-clamp processivity factor, and a clamp-loader complex that together support processive DNA replication.

A DNA polymerase III core subassembly made of alpha, epsilon and theta subunits that provides polymerase and 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities within the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme.

A conserved heterotrimeric eukaryotic single-stranded-DNA-binding complex, also known as replication protein A, that supports DNA replication, repair and recombination.

A complex that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. In eukaryotes the complex consists of five polypeptides.

A bacterial type IIA topoisomerase complex composed of ParC and ParE subunits that can relax supercoiled DNA and supports chromosome segregation.

A protein-DNA complex containing a tetramer of DiaA attached to multiple DnaA molecule bound to oriC DNA. Regulates timely initiation of chromosomal replication during the cell cycle by stimulating assembly of DnaA-oriC complexes, conformational changes in ATP-DnaA initiation complexes, and unwinding of oriC duplex DNA.

A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC bound to the DNA-bound DNA replication initiation protein DnaA. Essential for DNA replication initiation.

A protein complex that negatively regulates strand-opening at the origin of replication, thereby interfering with replication initiation. This complex is thought to be involved in the regulation of replication under oxidative stress conditions. In E. coli, this complex is composed of DnaA and Dps.

A protein complex that inactivates the function of DnaA by inhibiting the phosphorylation of DnaA-ADP to DnaA-ATP and thereby preventing multiple events of replication initiation. In E. coli, this complex is composed of DnaA and Hda.

A protein-DNA complex containing DNA-bound DnaA attached to HU. HU is a dimer encoded by two closely related genes. Essential for the initiation of replication in bacteria; stimulates the DnaA-dependent unwinding of oriC.

A protein complex that inhibits unwinding of DNA at the origin of replication and assembly of the pre-primosome. In E. coli, this complex is composed of DnaA and of the ribosomal protein L2.

A protein-DNA complex containing the initiator protein DnaA bound to high-affinity recognition sites in the unique origin of replication, oriC. DnaA-oriC binding is the first step in assembly of a bacterial pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) and is responsible for the timely initiation of replication once per cell cycle.

A protein complex containing homohexameric DNA helicase DnaB, and the DNA helicase loader DnaC. The helicase loader DnaC delivers DnaB to the chromosomal origin (oriC).

A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins DnaT, PriA and PriB, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.

A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins DnaT, PriA and PriC, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.

A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins Rep and PriC, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.

A protein complex containing homohexameric DnaB helicase, and DnaG (a primase). Facilitates the unwinding of double-stranded DNA and the synthesis of RNA primer sequences during DNA replication and repair in Prokaryotes.

A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; functions during DNA replication and repair.

A multisubunit tethering complex, i.e. a protein complex involved in mediating the initial interaction between vesicles and the membranes with which they fuse, that is involved in trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the ER. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Dsl1p complex contains Dsl1p, Tip20p, and Sec39p.

A protein complex that forms part of SAGA-type complexes SAGA and SLIK, and mediates deubiquitination of histone H2B. In S. cerevisiae, the DUBm consists of the proteins Ubp8p, Sgf11p, Sus1p, and Sgf73p.

A protein complex that is involved in the MEP pathway of IPP biosynthesis. It catalyzes the NADP-dependent rearrangement and reduction of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP).

A cell part that is composed of the eisosome membrane or MCC domain, a furrow-like plasma membrane sub-domain and associated integral transmembrane proteins, and the proteins (eisosome filaments) that form a scaffolding lattice on the cytoplasmic face. Eisosomes broadly affect overall plasma membrane organization.

A cryptophyte extrusive organelle that discharges proteinaceous paracrystalline ribbons or filaments built in part from small ejectisin polypeptides.

A pentameric replication factor C-like complex that unloads the proliferating cell nuclear antigen DNA clamp from chromatin and supports telomere length regulation and genome stability in Saccharomyces.

A heterohexameric protein complex composed two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA.

A transmembrane protein complex in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that promotes insertion of newly synthesized proteins into the ER membrane.

An Escherichia coli MFS-family cell-envelope efflux pump complex composed of EmrA, EmrB, and TolC subunits that exports hydrophobic xenobiotics across the inner and outer membranes.

A transmembrane protein complex capable of transporting positively charged hydrophobic drugs across the plasma membrane thereby involved in conferring resistance to a wide range of toxic compounds (e.g. methyl viologen, ethidium bromide and acriflavine). It is commonly found in bacteria. In E. coli it forms a homodimer.

An Escherichia coli MFS-family cell-envelope efflux pump complex composed of EmrK, EmrY, and TolC subunits that exports xenobiotics, including antimicrobial compounds, from the cell.

An endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated complex involved in the translocation of proteins that are targeted to the ER. In yeast, this complex consists of two subcomplexes, namely, the Sec61 complex and the Sec62/Sec63 complex.

A heterotetrameric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes processive DNA synthesis in the absence of PCNA, but is further stimulated in the presence of PCNA. The complex contains a large catalytic subunit and three small subunits, and is best characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are named Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Some evidence suggests that DNA polymerase epsilon is the leading strand polymerase; it is also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair.

A protein complex that links the endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and may have a role in promoting exchange of calcium and phospholipids between the two organelles.

A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals.

An endosomal sorting complex involved in membrane fission processes related to sorting of multivesicular bodies (MVB) in the endocytic pathway, cytokinesis and viral budding among other processes.

An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes.

An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.

A complex with membrane scission activity that plays a major role in many processes where membranes are remodelled - including endosomal transport (vesicle budding), nuclear envelope organisation (membrane closure, mitotic bridge cleavage), and cytokinesis (abscission).

An ESCRT complex that has AAA-ATPase activity and is involved in ESCRT-mediated intralumenal vesicle formation and the final stages of cytokinesis. The complex catalyzes disassembly of the ESCRT III filament around the neck of the budding vesicle in an ATP-driven reaction, resulting in membrane scission and recycling of the ESCRT III components back to the cytosol. In yeast, it is formed by the AAA ATPase Vps4 and its cofactor Vta1.

A vesicle tethering complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals.

Exodeoxyribonuclease V complex is a RecB-RecC-RecD enzyme complex that combines ATP-dependent DNA unwinding with exonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to produce 5'-phosphooligonucleotides.

A protein complex that acts as a selective cargo adaptor mediating the selective transport of specific membrane proteins from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane.

A histone chaperone complex that facilitates nucleosome disassembly and reassembly upon DNA or RNA polymerase passage.

A protein complex capable of FMN reductase activity. Reduces FMN to FMNH2 in a NAD(P)H-dependent manner. In E.coli, consists of a SsuE dimer.

A DNA polymerase complex consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA.

A quatrefoil tethering complex required for retrograde traffic from the early endosome back to the late Golgi and biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.

A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In human, the GATOR1 complex consists of DEPDC5, NPRL2, and NPRL3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is referred to as SEACIT and contains the Iml1p, Npr2p, and Npr3p proteins.

A multiprotein subcomplex of the GATOR complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In human, this complex consists of WDR24, WDR59, MIOS, SEH1L, and SEC13. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is referred to as SEACAT and contains the Sea2p, Sea3p, Sea4p, Seh1p, Sec13p proteins.

Nuclear bodies frequently found near or associated with Cajal bodies (also called coiled bodies or CBs). Gemini of coiled bodies, or 'gems', are similar in size and shape to CBs, and often indistinguishable under the microscope. Unlike CBs, gems do not contain small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs); they contain a protein called survivor of motor neurons (SMN) whose function relates to snRNP biogenesis. Gems are believed to assist CBs in snRNP biogenesis, and to play a role in the etiology of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

An endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex that is conserved in eukaryotes and mediates the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane.

A heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with replication origins, where it is required for the initiation of DNA replication, and with replication forks.

A protein complex composed of at least GAP45 (gliding-associated protein), GAP50 and myosin heavy and light chains. Anchored via GAP50 to the inner membrane complex of motile and invasive forms of apicomplexan parasites and regulates parasite gliding motility and invasion of host cells.

A NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase protein complex that possesses glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity.

A glycine-cleavage multienzyme protein complex that reversibly oxidizes glycine through L-, P-, H-, and T-protein components.

A protein complex that possesses glycine reductase activity and is usually built from selenoprotein A, selenoprotein B, and protein C subunits.

A multisubunit membrane protein complex that attaches preassembled glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors to proteins.

Bacterial chaperonin complex consisting of a heptameric 10kDa chaperonin subunit GroES and a tetradecameric (2x7) 60kDa chaperonin subunit GroEL. The 60kDa subunit possesses ATPase activity while the holo-enzyme is responsible for the correct folding of proteins.

A heterodimer GTPase complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains Gtr1p and Gtr2p proteins.

A tetrameric histone deacetylase complex that contains a Class II deacetylase catalytic subunit. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of two Hda1p subunits along with Hda2p and Hda3p.

A protein complex involved in inactivating the function of DnaA and thereby preventing multiple events of replication initiation. In E. coli, this complex is composed of the beta clamp (DnaN) and Hda.

A protein complex proposed to be involved in replication-independent nucleosome assembly, by promoting histone deposition onto DNA. For example, in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Hir1p, Hir2p, Hir3p, and Hpc2p.

A polar extracellular adhesive matrix of Caulobacter vibrioides composed of secreted holdfast polysaccharide that is anchored at the old cell pole or stalk tip and enables irreversible surface attachment.

A multimeric protein complex that associates with the vacuolar membrane, late endosomal (multivesicular body) and lysosomal membranes. HOPS is a tethering complex involved in vesicle fusion.

An oligomeric mitochondrial matrix chaperone assembly built from Hsp78-type subunits and involved in ATP-dependent solubilization of aggregated proteins.

Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal hypha.

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases.

A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity.

An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc3p.

An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc2p and Ioc4p.

A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.

Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.

A protein-containing complex that functions to transport lipopolysaccharide from its site of synthesis at the cytoplasmic membrane across the periplasm to the outer membrane in an ATP-dependent manner.

An Escherichia coli inner-membrane ABC transporter complex composed of one LolC transmembrane subunit, two LolD ATP-binding subunits, and one LolE transmembrane subunit that uses LolD ATP hydrolysis to release outer membrane-specific lipoproteins from the inner membrane for periplasmic trafficking.

A nuclear body that is enriched in the lymphoid cell-specific protein LYSp100B; LANDs are globular, electron-dense structures and are morphologically distinct from the annular structures characteristic of PML bodies.

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is involved in mitochondrial protein turnover and in processing of proteins imported into mitochondria.

The MacAB-TolC complex is a macrolide transporter complex found in E.coli and related gram-negative bacteria. Its transport activity is specific to macrolide compounds containing 14- and 15-membered lactones. It consists of the dimeric inner membrane ATPase MacB, the hexameric, periplasmic membrane fusion protein MacA and the trimeric outer membrane factor TolC.

The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.

Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.

A hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.

An Escherichia coli Resistance-Nodulation-Division-family cell-envelope efflux pump complex composed of MdtA, MdtB, MdtC, and TolC subunits that exports novobiocin, bile salts, quinolones, fosfomycin, detergents, myricetin, zinc, and other substrates from the cell.

A protein complex containing two transmembrane subunits; a MdtB dimer and one unit of MdtC. Capable of exporting substrates across the cell membrane. Involved in conferring antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria by transporting drugs across the membrane.

A polarized nuclear chromosome assembly in which telomeric ends and their anchoring proteins cluster within a restricted region of the nuclear envelope during meiotic prophase. Characterized in fission and budding yeast, it organizes chromosome ends while chromosome arms extend into the nucleus; its duration and tethering machinery differ between species.

Any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes, and possibly others. They are found associated with membranes on many vesicles as well as other membrane features such as pits and perhaps tubules.

An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex that is capable of methionine-importing activity. An example is the bacterial MetNIQ methionine transporter, that consists of the dimeric ATPase subunit MetN located at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and the dimeric transmembrane subunit MetI. MetQ is regarded as the periplasmic methionine-binding chaperon subunit, and is capable of transporting methionine from the periplasm into the cytoplasm in an ATP-dependent manner.

The chemoreceptor array: a hexagonal lattice of trimers-of-dimers of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, held at the membrane by the CheA kinase and the CheW coupling protein. The array is the cell's sensory organ, and its geometry — a 12 nm hexagonal spacing conserved across bacteria and archaea — is what gives chemotaxis its cooperativity and gain.

A mitochondrial intermembrane-space-spanning assembly that couples inner-membrane MICOS to outer-membrane SAM and includes a conserved DNAJC11-related protein and metaxin 1.

A mitochondrial inner-membrane MICOS subcomplex containing Mic10, Mic12, Mic26 and Mic27, organized around Mic10 oligomers and involved in crista architecture.

A heteromeric MICOS subcomplex composed of Mic60 and Mic19 that couples protein assembly to mitochondrial inner-membrane remodeling and crista-junction organization.

Mitochondrial inner membrane complex involved in maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane.

A protein complex located in the mitochondrial outer membrane that functions as an insertase, mediating the insertion of alpha-helical proteins from the cytosol into the outer membrane. Client proteins are usually single- and multi-span proteins that include components of the TOM complex.

A multiprotein kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the outer kinetochore. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. In humans, it consists of MIS12, DSN1, NSL1 and PMF1.

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane, consisting of at least two subunits, involved in processing of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins targeted to the intermembrane space.

An oligomeric mitochondrial matrix protease assembly built from Lon-family subunits that combine AAA+ ATPase and serine-protease domains to process protein substrates.

A biochemically isolatable protein-lipid assembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MIMAS brings together metabolite carriers, dehydrogenases, respiratory-chain biogenesis factors and phospholipid enzymes, with stability dependent on phosphatidylethanolamine production.

A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates transport of proteins into all mitochondrial compartments.

Inner-mitochondrial-membrane macromolecular complex composed of repeating prohibitin 1 and prohibitin 2 heterodimeric subunits.

A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species. The complex contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule in yeast (PMID:12045094), but comprises three proteins and lacks an RNA component in humans.

An Escherichia coli inner-membrane ABC transporter complex composed of MlaE, MlaF, MlaD, and MlaB subunits that participates in phospholipid transport during maintenance of outer-membrane lipid asymmetry.

A dimeric protein complex containing two ModE subunits. Binds directly to DNA to regulate transcription, and is involved in (positively and negatively) regulating various aspects of molybdenum metabolism.

A protein complex required for clamping microtubule binding sites, ensuring orientation of sister kinetochores to the same pole (mono-orientation) during meiosis I.

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Mpp10p, Imp3p and Imp4p.

Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.

A protein complex that consists of an RNA 5' triphosphatase and a guanyl transferase (Cet1p and Ceg1p in S. cerevisiae; Pct1 and Ceg1 in S. pombe) and is involved in mRNA capping.

An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex made up of a dimer of MsbA. Facilitates the export across the plasma membrane of, amongst others, lipid A and lipopolysaccharide. In contrast to most ABC transporter complexes, each chain of the homodimer contains both the transmembrane domain (TMD) and the cytoplasmic ATP-binding domain (NBD).

A protein complex that can catalyze the acetylation of lysine at position 14 in histone H3, and contains Mst2 as the catalytic subunit. In fission yeast, contains at least Mst2, Nto1, Ptf2, Ptf1 and Eaf6.

A homodimeric mismatch repair complex involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations.

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an N-terminal Ser, Ala, Gly, or Thr residue of a protein acceptor molecule. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat1p and Ard1p, and may contain additional proteins.

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Glu, Met-Asp, Met-Asn, or Met-Met N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat3p and Mdm20p.

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Ile, Met-Leu, Met-Trp, or Met-Phe N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Mak3p, Mak10p, and Mak31p.

A protein complex conserved among eukaryotes that forms part of the kinetochore and plays an essential role in forming stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The complex contains proteins known in several species, including budding and fission yeasts, as Ndc80p, Nuf2p, Spc24p, and Spc25p. In vertebrates it is part of the outer plate of the kinetochore.

A heterodimer associated with 90S and 66S preribosomes. Predominantly, but not exclusively, nucleolar; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.

A heterodimer associated with 66S preribosomes; predominantly nucleoplasmic, but also locates to the nucleolus; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.

A heterodimer associated with precursors of the eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit, including the 90S preribosome; involved in small subunit biogenesis.

A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Yng1p and associates with H3K4me3 using Yng1p.

A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Pdp3 and associates with H3K4me3 via Pdp3p.

A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60).

A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.

An nuclear body involved in nuclear mRNA surveilllance. Contains at least Mmi1, or an ortholog of it, and the nuclear exosome.

A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the nucleus.

A membrane-embedded eukaryotic protein complex that forms a discrete pore in the nuclear envelope where the inner and outer nuclear membranes join and mediates exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

A central eukaryotic nuclear pore substructure composed of FG-repeat channel nucleoporins that forms the selective transport path for RNAs, proteins, and small molecules.

Filamentous extensions on the cytoplasmic face of the eukaryotic nuclear pore complex.

A ring-shaped eukaryotic nuclear pore subcomplex built from inner-ring scaffold nucleoporins around the central transport channel.

A eukaryotic nuclear pore substructure made of linker nucleoporins that connect central transport-channel FG nucleoporins with core nuclear-pore scaffold modules.

A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex.

A ring-shaped eukaryotic nuclear pore subcomplex built from outer-ring coat nucleoporins on the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic faces of the nuclear pore scaffold.

A dense, non-membrane-bounded body in the eukaryotic nuclear lumen that concentrates ribosomal DNA transcription, pre-rRNA processing, and early ribosomal subunit assembly.

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad1p, Rad10p, and Rad14p; in human the subunits are ERCC4/XPF, ERCC1 and XPA, respectively.

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses endodeoxynuclease and DNA helicase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad2p and the core TFIIH-Ssl2p complex (core TFIIH is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p, Tfb4p and Tfb5p. Note that Ssl2p is also called Rad25p).

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and DNA-dependent ATPase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad7p and Rad16p.

Complex basket- or funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome; includes specialized sub-structures made up of closely-spaced cilia and underlying basal bodies and fibrillar systems.

The region of a kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.

A mitochondrial matrix-side protein complex associated with the TIM23 inner-membrane translocase that uses ATPase motor activity to drive protein import into the mitochondrial matrix.

A complex that possesses poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity; catalyzes the message-specific shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails. Contains at least two subunits, known as Pan2p and Pan3p in Saccharomyces.

A jumbo-bacteriophage protein-shelled compartment that assembles in infected bacterial cells, surrounds replicating phage DNA, and spatially separates phage genome replication and transcription from bacterial translation.

Punctate structures proximal to the endoplasmic reticulum which are the sites where the Atg machinery assembles upon autophagy induction.

A PaaA/PaaB/PaaC/PaaE multicomponent monooxygenase complex that catalyzes the NADPH- and oxygen-dependent epoxidation of phenylacetyl-CoA to 2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA.

A heterotrimeric H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex with a substrate preference of chromatin over free histones. It contains a subset of the proteins found in the larger NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; for example, the S. cerevisiae complex contains Esa1p, Yng2p, and Epl1p.

A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.

A fungal cell-polarity protein complex that localizes to sites of polarized growth and directs localized actin-filament assembly, including the Saccharomyces Bni1/Spa2/Pea2/Bud6 polarisome.

A proteinaceous bacterial polar microdomain formed by PopZ polymers at Caulobacter cell poles that anchors the ParB-bound chromosomal origin and organizes pole-specific client proteins.

An Escherichia coli PotABCD ATP-binding cassette importer composed of two PotA ATP-binding subunits, one PotB permease, one PotC permease, and one PotD periplasmic substrate-binding protein that imports spermidine and can also import putrescine.

Any of the protein-DNA complexes that contain a DNA helicase and associated protein(s) at the origin of replication, and build up to assembling the core primosome. The associated protein(s) chaperone the helicase to the DNA, and assembly of the pre-primosome is essential for the initiation or restart of replication. Pre-primosome complexes lack a primase component.

A protein complex, that caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex and regulates entry into, or exit from, the proteasome core complex.

A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation, found in eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria. In eukaryotes, this complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core.

A barrel-shaped self-compartmentalized protease core of proteasomes, built from stacked alpha- and beta-subunit rings that sequester threonine protease active sites in an internal chamber for protein degradation.

A protein complex which is capable of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase activity. It consists of an alpha subunit (PcaG) and a beta subunit (PcaH), with the non-heme iron active site formed at the alpha-beta interface.

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and can interact directly with the 5' External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of the full length pre-rRNA transcript. In S. cerevisiae, it sediments at 25-30 S and is composed of Pwp2p, Dip2p, Utp21p, Utp13p, Utp18p, and Utp6p.

A non-membrane-bounded organelle found within the chloroplasts of algae and hornworts; responsible for carbon dioxide fixation.

A nuclear assembly in which multiple chromosome ends and associated subtelomeric chromatin coalesce into fewer enlarged foci during quiescence, characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nuclear position and assembly requirements depend on species, strain and starvation conditions.

A pentameric protein complex related to replication factor C that loads the checkpoint clamp onto DNA at damage sites and functions in DNA damage cell-cycle checkpoints; the large subunit is Rad17 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Rad24p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A vacuolar membrane-anchored guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex for the Rag GTPases (Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex GO:1990131) in TORC1 signaling pathway. In human, Ragulator is comprised of the membrane anchor subunit LAMTOR1 (Meh1p in S. cerevisiae, Lam1 in S. pombe), a GEF subunit LAMTOR2 ( Slm4 in S. cerevisiae , Lam2 in S. pombe ) , LAMTOR3 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam3 in S. pombe) , LAMTOR4 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam4 in S. pombe), and LAMTOR5 (no S. cerevisiae or S. pombe ortholog identified).

A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1 with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme.

The trimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be closely associated with the membrane. This trimeric complex is responsible for recognizing and binding to cargo molecules. The complex comprises three Vps proteins in both yeast and mammalian cells: Vps35p, Vps29p, and Vps26p in yeast, and VPS35, VPS29 and VPS26A or VPS26B in mammals.

A conserved hetero-pentameric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. The budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p. The mammalian complex shows slight variation in composition compared to yeast, and comprises SNX1 or SNX2, SNX5 or SNX6, VPS26A or VPS26B, VPS29, and VPS35.

The dimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be peripherally associated with the membrane. This dimeric complex is responsible for remodeling endosomal membranes to form a tube-structure to which cargo molecules are selected for recycling. The budding yeast complex comprises Vps5p and Vps17p, and may contain multiple copies of a Vps5p/Vps17p dimer. The mammalian complex contains SNX1 or SNX2 dimerized with SNX5 or SNX6.

A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p.

A protein complex which is capable of ribonuclease III activity.

A histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones preferentially in promoter regions. Composed of a two copies of catalytic histone deacetylase subunit (S. pombe Clr6/ S. cerevisiae Rpd3p), an Sds-3 family protein (S. pombe /S. cerevisiae Sds3(p) ), two copies of SIN3 family co-repressor (S. pombe Pst1/ S. cerevisiae Sin3p, a WD repeat protein/ histone chaperone (S. pombe Prw1/ S. cerevisiae Ume1p), and a zf- PHD finger ( S. pombe Png2/ S. cerevisiae Pho23p), plus 4 additional subunits, and associated factors.

A protein complex that contains a histone deacetylase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.

A eukaryotically conserved histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones across gene coding regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, a chromodomain protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, and a WD repeat protein (Clr6p, Alp13p, Pst2p, and Prw1p respectively in Schizosaccharomyces; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Rco1p and Eaf3 in Saccharomyces; homologs thereof in other species).

A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a bromodomain containing-protein, such as yeast Rsc1 or Rsc4 or mammalian PB1/BAF180. The RSC complex is generally recruited to RNA polymerase III promoters and is specifically recruited to RNA polymerase II promoters by transcriptional activators and repressors; it is also involved in non-homologous end joining.

A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that deubiquitinates H2A and/or H2B. This complex is organized into several functional submodules: a structural core including the activator binding module and consisting of ADA1 or a homolog, members of the SPT and TAF protein families as well as promotor recruitment factor TRRAP/TRA1, a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module consisting of GCN5/KAT2A or PCAF/KAT2B, ADA2, ADA3/NGG1, and SGF29 or homologues thereof, a histone deubiquitinase (DUB) module consisting of ATXN7/SGF73, ATXN7L3/SGF11, ENY2/SUS1 and USP22/UBP8 or homologues thereof, and in some taxa a splicing module consisting of SF3B3 and SF3B5 or homologues thereof (not in fungi). In budding yeast also contains Spt8 which distinguishes it from SAGA-like (SLIK) complex (GO:0046695).

A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates sorting of some imported proteins to the outer membrane and their assembly in the membrane; functions after import of incoming proteins by the mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.

A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity and links histone acetylation to the assembly of transcriptionally silent chromatin. In vitro, the complex acetylates lysine 16 of histone H4 and lysine 14 of histone H3, although the latter may not be relevant in vivo. The complex contains a catalytic subunit and at least two other subunits; in Saccharomyces, the catalytic subunit is Sas2p and additional subunits are Sas4p and Sas5p.

A heterotrimeric endoplasmic-reticulum membrane translocon that forms a protein-conducting channel for co- and post-translational substrate movement across or into the ER membrane.

An endoplasmic-reticulum protein complex that supports posttranslational targeting of proteins to the ER and is represented in yeast by a Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p, and Sec72p tetramer.

A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In S. cerevisiae the complex contains Seh1p, Sec13p, Npr2p, Npr3p, Iml1p, Mtc5p, Rtc1p, and Sea4p.

A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30.

A histone deacetylase complex that is involved in transcriptional regulation. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Set3p, Snt1p, Hos4p, Sif2p, Cpr1p, Hos2p, and Hst1p.

A histone deacetylase complex that contains a core of four proteins -- Clr1, Clr2, Clr3, and Mit1 in fission yeast -- and localizes to all heterochromatic regions in the genome as well as some euchromatic sites. The complex is involved in regulating nucleosome positioning to assemble higher-order chromatin structures.

A homotetrameric single-stranded DNA-binding protein assembly that binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA during DNA replication, recombination, and repair.

A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains a smaller form of Spt7 (lacking the SPT8 binding region) than the fungal SAGA complex, and consequently lacks Spt8. The complex is involved in the yeast retrograde response pathway, which is important for gene expression changes during mitochondrial dysfunction.

A histone deacetylase complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Snt2p, Ecm5p and Rpd3p.

A structure within the hyphal tip of filamentous fungi that acts as an organizing center for hyphal growth.

An endoplasmic-reticulum translocon complex with a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, represented in budding yeast by Ssh1p, Sbh2p, and Sss1p, that supports cotranslational protein transport across the ER membrane.

A protein complex containing an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase subunit (SsuD tetramer in E. coli) and a flavin oxidoreductase subunit (SsuE dimer in E. coli). Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation.

A bacterial cell envelope-associated multiprotein system, which binds and degrades starch.

A bacterial multiprotein regulatory assembly with an oligomeric core formed by RsbR-family and RsbS STAS domains and an associated RsbT kinase. Characterized stressosomes organize environmental-stress signaling; their subunit composition and requirement for downstream responses depend on the organism and experimental context.

A conserved DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains two Swi5 monomers and one Sfr1 monomer in Schizosaccharomyces, or orthologs thereof (e.g. Sae3p and Mei5p in Saccharomyces).

A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains 8 to 14 proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of the yeast SNF2 or mammalian SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, or an ortholog thereof.

A multisubunit INO80-type chromatin-remodeling complex that catalyzes ATP-dependent exchange of nucleosomal H2A-H2B dimers for H2AZ-H2B dimers.

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and is required for the subsequent assembly of the rest of the preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Utp5p, Utp4p, Nan1p, Utp8p, Utp9p, Utp10 and Utp15p.

A protein complex capable of catalyzing the conversion of taurine and alpha-ketoglutarate to sulfite, aminoacetaldehyde and succinate under sulfur or cysteine starvation conditions. Its expression is repressed by the presence of sulfate or cysteine. In E. coli it is a homodimer or homotetramer of the protein TauD.

A eukaryotic nuclear protein complex that promotes transcription elongation and can act as part of the transcription export complex to couple RNA polymerase II transcription with mRNA export from the nucleus.

A chloroplast inner-envelope protein translocon complex that forms the inner-membrane step of nuclear-encoded preprotein import into the chloroplast.

A multi-subunit mitochondrial inner-membrane complex that mediates insertion of multi-pass inner-membrane precursor proteins carrying internal targeting elements.

The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that typically transports proteins that possess a matrix-targeting N-terminal presequence. The TIM23 complex contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor.

A chloroplast outer-envelope protein translocon complex that forms the outer-membrane step of nuclear-encoded preprotein import into the chloroplast.

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of S6K. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Kog1p, Lst8p, Tco89p, and either Tor1p or Tor2p.

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of PKB (also called AKT). In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Avo1p, Avo2p, Tsc11p, Lst8p, Bit61p, Slm1p, Slm2p, and Tor2p.

A multiprotein complex having distributive polyadenylation activity of a variety of RNA substrates including hypomodified and incorrectly folded tRNAs, pre-snRNAs, pre-snoRNAs, incorrectly spliced or processed pre-mRNAs, cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), pre-rRNAs and rRNA fragments released as part of rRNA processing. In S. cerevisiae, the complex consists of either Pap2 (also known as Trf4) or Trf5, Air1 or Air2, and Mtr4, and is involved in RNA 3'-end processing and in RNA surveillance and quality control.

The 7 subunit core of TFIIH that is a part of either the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH or the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae/humans the complex is composed of: Ssl2/XPB, Tfb1/p62, Tfb2/p52, Ssl1/p44, Tfb4/p34, Tfb5/p8 and Rad3/XPD.

A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.

A transcription factor complex that forms part of the holo TFIIH complex. In Saccharomyces/human, TFIIK contains Ccl1p/Cyclin H, Tfb3p/MAT1 and Kin28p/CDK7.

A complex that tethers COPII vesicles at ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Its role in this part of the vesicular transport may start at the ER exit sites. Binds to a component of the COPII coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33 which are regarded as the core subunits of all TRAPP complexes in yeast.

A complex that mediates intra-Golgi traffic, Golgi exit, endosome-to-Golgi traffic, and the trafficking of autophagy proteins from Golgi to the phagophore assembly site. Binds to a component of the COPI coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Tca17, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs65, Trs120, Trs130. The whole complex is thought to dimerize with itself.

A complex that functions in anterograde transport at the Golgi and also regulates autophagy. In yeast it includes at least the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs85. TRAPPIII may include further, as yet undescribed, proteins.

A complex consisting of two membrane proteins and one extracytoplasmic solute receptor. Such transporters transport a variety of substrates without direct ATP power, instead using energy from ion gradients.

A protein complex containing Usp7, the divergent Skp1-like protein SkpZ, and Tpr86, experimentally characterized in Trypanosoma brucei. It is distinct from cullin ubiquitin-ligase complexes and is implicated in coordinated regulation of surface-protein abundance.

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rrp7p, Utp22p, Ckb1p, Cka1p, Ckb2p and Cka2p.

A membrane coat found on a coated vesicle.

A protein complex that localizes at the surface of endosomes, where it recruits and activates the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. In human, the WASH complex is composed of F-actin-capping protein subunits alpha and beta, WASH1, FAM21, KIAA1033, KIAA0196 and CCDC53.

An error-prone eukaryotic DNA polymerase complex that carries out translesion DNA synthesis and damage-tolerance mutagenesis; in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA polymerase zeta contains Rev3, Rev7, and the Pol31 and Pol32 accessory subunits shared with DNA polymerase delta.