GATOR1 complex

GO:1990130 · Other · Multiprotein complex · Proposed

A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In human, the GATOR1 complex consists of DEPDC5, NPRL2, and NPRL3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is referred to as SEACIT and contains the Iml1p, Npr2p, and Npr3p proteins. [GO:1990130]

Synonyms: IML1 complex; SEACIT complex

Part of: Seh1-associated complex (GO:0035859)

UniProt location names: UniProt Consortium, CC BY 4.0. Reference label and route sources.

Components

Component	Type	Part of / acts on	Grounding	Genes	Essential	Role
Iml1 GATOR1 subunit	Protein	part of	Reviewed label only (reviewed name; no accession asserted)	IML1	UNKNOWN	GATOR1/SEACIT subunit that functions with Npr2 and Npr3 in the Gtr1-directed GAP complex upstream of TORC1. `GO:1990130` Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the GATOR1 complex, including the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEACIT counterpart. `DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112` Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified Iml1 in complex with Npr2 and Npr3 as a yeast GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 during amino acid deprivation.
Npr2 GATOR1 subunit	Protein	part of	Reviewed label only (reviewed name; no accession asserted)	NPR2	UNKNOWN	GATOR1/SEACIT subunit that joins Iml1 and Npr3 in the amino-acid-sensitive yeast Gtr1 GAP complex. `GO:1990130` Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the GATOR1 complex, including the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEACIT counterpart. `DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112` Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified Iml1 in complex with Npr2 and Npr3 as a yeast GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 during amino acid deprivation.
Npr3 GATOR1 subunit	Protein	part of	Reviewed label only (reviewed name; no accession asserted)	NPR3	UNKNOWN	GATOR1/SEACIT subunit that joins Iml1 and Npr2 in the amino-acid-sensitive yeast Gtr1 GAP complex. `GO:1990130` Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the GATOR1 complex, including the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEACIT counterpart. `DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112` Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified Iml1 in complex with Npr2 and Npr3 as a yeast GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 during amino acid deprivation.

Taxonomic distribution

NCBITaxon:4932 Saccharomyces cerevisiae — COMMON: Budding yeast has an Iml1/Npr2/Npr3 SEACIT complex that functions upstream of Gtr1 and TORC1 during amino acid deprivation. [DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112]

Canonical examples

NCBITaxon:4932 Saccharomyces cerevisiae — Yeast model in which Iml1, Npr2 and Npr3 were assigned to the Gtr1-directed GAP complex now represented by GO as GATOR1/SEACIT. [DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112]

Functions

negative regulation of TORC1 signaling GO:1904262 — GATOR1/SEACIT stimulates GTP hydrolysis by the yeast Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 and decreases TORC1 activity during amino acid deprivation.
- GO:1904262 Gene Ontology biological-process term for negative regulation of TORC1 signaling.
- DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112 Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified Iml1 in complex with Npr2 and Npr3 as a yeast GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 during amino acid deprivation.

Mechanism graphs

GATOR1/SEACIT inhibits yeast TORC1 signaling (REGULATION)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Iml1, Npr2 and Npr3 form a GATOR1 counterpart that acts on the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 and decreases TORC1 activity during amino acid deprivation.

Subject	Predicate	Object	Evidence
Iml1 GATOR1 subunit	is part of	GATOR1 complex	`GO:1990130` Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the GATOR1 complex, including the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEACIT counterpart. `DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112` Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified Iml1 in complex with Npr2 and Npr3 as a yeast GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 during amino acid deprivation.
Npr2 GATOR1 subunit	is part of	GATOR1 complex	`GO:1990130` Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the GATOR1 complex, including the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEACIT counterpart. `DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112` Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified Iml1 in complex with Npr2 and Npr3 as a yeast GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 during amino acid deprivation.
Npr3 GATOR1 subunit	is part of	GATOR1 complex	`GO:1990130` Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the GATOR1 complex, including the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEACIT counterpart. `DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112` Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified Iml1 in complex with Npr2 and Npr3 as a yeast GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 during amino acid deprivation.
Iml1 GATOR1 subunit	interacts with	Gtr1 Rag-family GTPase	`DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112` Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified Iml1 in complex with Npr2 and Npr3 as a yeast GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 during amino acid deprivation.
Iml1 GATOR1 subunit	localizes to	fungal-type vacuole membrane	`DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112` Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified Iml1 in complex with Npr2 and Npr3 as a yeast GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 during amino acid deprivation.
GATOR1 complex	negatively regulates	TORC1 signaling	`GO:0038202` Gene Ontology biological-process term for TORC1 signaling. `DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112` Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified the Iml1/Npr2/Npr3 complex as a yeast GAP that reduces TORC1 activity through the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1.

Discussions

CURATION_TODO (OPEN): Resolve exact source-neutral InterPro, Pfam, or NCBIfam groundings for the three yeast GATOR1/SEACIT subunit classes. This first GATOR1 record names the yeast Iml1, Npr2 and Npr3 constituent subunits but leaves InterPro, Pfam, or NCBIfam grounding unset until exact orthology and paralogy boundaries are reviewed per subunit.
CURATION_TODO (RESOLVED): Do not model the Gtr1/Gtr2 Rag-family GTPases as constituent GATOR1/SEACIT subunits. Panchaud et al. 2013 identified Iml1/Npr2/Npr3 as the yeast GATOR1/SEACIT counterpart that acts as a GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1, while GO:1990130 defines the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GATOR1/SEACIT complex itself as Iml1p, Npr2p and Npr3p.
CURATION_TODO (RESOLVED): Keep the GATOR2/SEACAT subcomplex outside this GATOR1 record. GO separates GATOR1/SEACIT from GATOR2/SEACAT, and Bar-Peled et al. 2013 separated human GATOR into two subcomplexes; GATOR2/SEACAT therefore belongs in a separate record rather than this Iml1/Npr2/Npr3 GAP complex.

Evidence

GO:1990130 Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the GATOR1 complex, including the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEACIT counterpart.
GO:0032991 Gene Ontology cellular-component parent term for protein-containing complexes.
GO:0035859 Gene Ontology cellular-component term for the Seh1-associated complex; GO places GATOR1 as part_of this SEA/GATOR parent assembly.
GO:1904262 Gene Ontology biological-process term for negative regulation of TORC1 signaling.
GO:0038202 Gene Ontology biological-process term for TORC1 signaling.
DOI:10.1126/scisignal.2004112 Panchaud, Peli-Gulli and De Virgilio 2013 identified Iml1 in complex with Npr2 and Npr3 as a yeast GAP for the Rag-family GTPase Gtr1 during amino acid deprivation.
DOI:10.1126/science.1232044 Bar-Peled et al. 2013 named GATOR1 as the GAP subcomplex that negatively regulates amino-acid-sensitive mTORC1 signaling through Rag GTPases.

Curation history

2026-09-18T08:20:10Z codex · CREATED_RECORD — Scaffolded by scripts/new_record.py
2026-09-18T08:21:33Z codex · EXPANDED_RECORD — Added GATOR1 synonymy, protein-complex parentage, reviewed-label-only yeast Iml1/Npr2/Npr3 SEACIT components, Saccharomyces scope, a negative TORC1-signaling function, GO/DOI evidence, a nonmechanistic Gtr1/TORC1 regulation graph, and subunit-grounding plus Gtr1/Gtr2 and GATOR2/SEACAT boundary discussions.
2026-09-18T08:22:11Z codex · REFINED_TORC1_GRAPH — Retargeted the GATOR1 negative-regulation graph edge to the regulated TORC1 signaling process, tightened the GATOR2 boundary rationale, and expanded shared YAML evidence aliases into plain repeated mappings.
2026-09-18T08:46:11Z codex · ADDRESSED_PR_REVIEW — #1134: Refined the resolved Rag GTPase boundary discussion to describe Gtr1 as the direct GATOR1/SEACIT GAP target rather than as a loose upstream pathway factor.
2026-09-18T09:04:24Z codex · ADDRESSED_PR_REVIEW — #1135: Added GO:0035859 as the source-defined Seh1-associated complex part_of container for GATOR1/SEACIT.

Source: data/structures/other/gator1_complex.yaml