HabitatMech

hydrothermal vent

ENVO:00000215 ·resolve ·AQUATIC ·EXACT SEEDED

A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. — ENVO

SEEDED workflow status. The source-seeding rules supplied this record; consult its curation history for later attributed changes. This status does not establish human review.

Source attestations

Each upstream vocabulary's own account of this habitat. Assertion counts are per-source units and are not comparable across sources — GOLD counts organisms, BacDive strains, PREGO taxa.

What each upstream vocabulary says about this habitat
SourceLabel / pathAssertionsUnit
ENVIRONMENTS_TABLE water_marine_hydrothermal
Physicochemical parameter bands from kg-microbe's environment table.		 —
GOLD Environmental > Aquatic > Marine > Hydrothermal vents
2 GOLD ecosystem node ids share this path; first shown. See data/raw/gold_ecosystem_paths.tsv.		 581 ORGANISM
MADIN hydrothermal vent 229 TAXON
PREGO hydrothermal vent 78 TAXON

Broader habitats

Environmental parameters

Physicochemical parameters
ParameterValueSource
GRADIENTSlowkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
NUTRIENTShighkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
ORGANIC_MATTERlowkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
PHhighkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
PRESSUREhighkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
SALINITYhighkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
SALINITY_VARIABILITYwidekg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
STRUCTURAL_COMPLEXITYlowkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
TEMPERATUREhighkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
TEMPERATURE_VARIABILITYhighkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
WATER_AVAILABILITYhighkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)
WATER_VARIABILITYpermanently wetkg-microbe environments.csv (water_marine_hydrothermal)

Causal graphs

Hydrothermal vent redox chemolithoautotrophy

In the deep-sea marine setting represented here, heated, reduced vent fluids mix with oxidized seawater. Local gradients can favor sulfur- and hydrogen-oxidation capacities; in autotrophic organisms these metabolisms can support carbon fixation. The graph does not universalize this marine scenario to every hydrothermal vent or every hydrogen oxidizer.

Directed graph · arrows run from subject to object. Focus or hover over a node or arrow for details; the evidence table follows.
Hydrothermal vent redox chemolithoautotrophy 16 nodes and 16 directed relationships. Labels and evidence are also available in the adjacent table. hydrothermal vent — is heated by → crustal heat; Evidence: PMID:30867583 is heated by crustal heat — heats → hydrothermal fluid; Evidence: PMID:23720658 heats hydrothermal fluid — supplies → hydrogen; Evidence: PMID:30532749 supplies hydrothermal fluid — supplies → hydrogen sulfide; Evidence: PMID:18503548 supplies hydrothermal fluid — mixes with → oxygenated seawater; Evidence: PMID:23720658 mixes with vent-seawater mixing zone — creates → redox gradient; Evidence: PMID:30867583 creates vent-seawater mixing zone — creates → temperature gradient; Evidence: PMID:30867583; PMID:30532749 creates hydrothermal fluid — creates → vent-seawater mixing zone; Evidence: PMID:23720658 creates hydrogen sulfide — can favor → sulfur oxidation capacity; Evidence: PMID:28375213 can favor sulfur oxidation capacity — enables → sulfur oxidation; Evidence: PMID:28375213 enables hydrogen — can favor → hydrogen oxidation capacity; Evidence: PMID:30532749 can favor hydrogen oxidation capacity — enables → hydrogen oxidation; Evidence: PMID:30532749 enables sulfur oxidation — can fuel → inorganic carbon fixation; Evidence: PMID:18503548 can fuel hydrogen oxidation — can fuel → inorganic carbon fixation; Evidence: PMID:29891698; PMID:30532749 can fuel inorganic carbon fixation — drives → chemosynthetic primary production; Evidence: PMID:30867583 drives chemosynthetic primary production — can support → surface-associated chemoautotroph growth; Evidence: PMID:28375213 can support hydrothermal vent (HABITAT); hydrothermal_vent; ENVO:00000215 HABITAT hydrothermal vent crustal heat (ENVIRONMENTAL_FACTOR); crustal_heat ENVIRONMENTAL_FACTOR crustal heat hydrothermal fluid (ENVIRONMENTAL_FACTOR); hydrothermal_fluid; ENVO:01000134 ENVIRONMENTAL_FACTOR hydrothermal fluid oxygenated seawater (ENVIRONMENTAL_FACTOR); oxygenated_seawater ENVIRONMENTAL_FACTOR oxygenated seawater vent-seawater mixing zone (HABITAT); mixing_zone HABITAT vent-seawater mixing zone redox gradient (ENVIRONMENTAL_PARAMETER); redox_gradient ENVIRONMENTAL_PARAMETER redox gradient temperature gradient (ENVIRONMENTAL_PARAMETER); temperature_gradient ENVIRONMENTAL_PARAMETER temperature gradient hydrogen (CHEMICAL); hydrogen CHEMICAL hydrogen hydrogen sulfide (CHEMICAL); hydrogen_sulfide CHEMICAL hydrogen sulfide sulfur oxidation capacity (CAPACITY); sulfur_oxidation_capacity CAPACITY sulfur oxidation capacity hydrogen oxidation capacity (CAPACITY); hydrogen_oxidation_capacity CAPACITY hydrogen oxidation capacity sulfur oxidation (PATHWAY); sulfur_oxidation PATHWAY sulfur oxidation hydrogen oxidation (PATHWAY); hydrogen_oxidation PATHWAY hydrogen oxidation inorganic carbon fixation (BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS); inorganic_carbon_fixation BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS inorganic carbon fixation chemosynthetic primary production (COMMUNITY_PROCESS); chemosynthetic_primary_production COMMUNITY_PROCESS chemosynthetic primary production surface-associated chemoautotroph growth (BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS); surface_associated_growth BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS surface-associated chemoautotroph growth
hydrothermal_vent_redox_chemolithoautotrophy edges
EdgeSubjectPredicateObjectEvidence
vent_discharge_is_geothermally_heated hydrothermal vent is heated by
Hydrothermal vents are fissures where crustal heat drives the discharge of hot fluids.		 crustal heat PMID:30867583
Dick 2019, Abstract, relates deep-sea vent microbiomes to geology and geochemistry; this edge is scoped to the marine vent scenario.
crustal_heat_drives_fluid_discharge crustal heat heats
Crustal heat heats circulating fluids that discharge through seafloor vent orifices in the represented marine setting.		 hydrothermal fluid PMID:23720658
Dick et al. 2013, Introduction, describes hot reduced fluids injected into the deep ocean, not a claim that heat drives a material as though that material were a discharge process.
hydrothermal_fluid_supplies_hydrogen hydrothermal fluid supplies
Hydrothermal fluids can supply molecular hydrogen, with concentrations and microbial energy yields varying by geological setting.		 hydrogen PMID:30532749
Adam and Perner, Abstract, describes geological variation in hydrogen enrichment rather than a uniform concentration at every vent.
hydrothermal_fluid_supplies_sulfide hydrothermal fluid supplies
Hydrothermal fluids supply reduced sulfur species that can be oxidized by vent microorganisms.		 hydrogen sulfide PMID:18503548
Nakagawa and Takai, Introduction, identifies geological sources of reduced donors including sulfide for deep-sea vent chemoautotrophs.
hydrothermal_fluid_meets_seawater hydrothermal fluid mixes with
Hot reduced fluids mix with cold oxidizing seawater at and above seafloor vent openings.		 oxygenated seawater PMID:23720658
Dick et al. 2013, Introduction, explicitly describes the mixing of hot reduced fluid with cold oxidizing seawater.
mixing_creates_redox_gradient vent-seawater mixing zone creates
Vent-fluid and seawater mixing juxtaposes reduced electron donors with oxidants, creating steep redox gradients.		 redox gradient PMID:30867583
Dick 2019, Abstract, describes the reducing-fluid/oxidizing- seawater contrast that vent chemosynthesis exploits.
mixing_creates_temperature_gradient vent-seawater mixing zone creates
Hydrothermal fluid cooling during seawater entrainment creates steep temperature gradients across vent habitats.		 temperature gradient PMID:30867583
Dick 2019, Abstract, describes habitat contrasts; Adam and Perner explicitly describes thermal gradients during seawater entrainment. PMID:30532749
Abstract, fluid ascent and entrainment paragraph; this is a local mixing gradient, not a redefinition of the raw qualitative band.
fluid_mixing_forms_reaction_zone hydrothermal fluid creates
Hydrothermal-fluid discharge creates a mixing zone in which vent reductants encounter seawater oxidants.		 vent-seawater mixing zone PMID:23720658
Dick et al. 2013, Introduction, places plume formation at the mixing of discharged reduced fluids and ambient oxidizing seawater.
sulfide_selects_sulfur_oxidizers hydrogen sulfide can favor
Sulfide availability together with oxidant supply can favor sulfur oxidation capacity; it is not a sufficient cause by itself.		 sulfur oxidation capacity PMID:28375213
Meier et al., Abstract, proposes oxygen/sulfide variation as a driver of observed Manus Basin niche differentiation; the association is not an isolated sulfide-selection experiment.
sulfur_oxidizers_perform_sulfur_oxidation sulfur oxidation capacity enables
Sulfur oxidation capacity enables organisms to use reduced sulfur as an energy source when suitable conditions and acceptors exist.		 sulfur oxidation PMID:28375213
Meier et al., Abstract, identifies sulfur oxidation as a driver of carbon fixation in the studied marine vent context.
hydrogen_selects_hydrogen_oxidizers hydrogen can favor
Available hydrogen can favor hydrogen oxidation capacity where compatible electron acceptors and physiological conditions occur.		 hydrogen oxidation capacity PMID:30532749
Adam and Perner, Abstract and hydrogen-oxidizer review sections, describes diverse organisms and conditions, not a single clade or proof that all hydrogen oxidizers are autotrophs.
hydrogen_oxidizers_perform_hydrogen_oxidation hydrogen oxidation capacity enables
Hydrogen oxidation capacity enables hydrogen-based energy metabolism under suitable conditions; it does not alone imply autotrophy.		 hydrogen oxidation PMID:30532749
Adam and Perner, Abstract, reviews the energy contribution; its full-text hydrogen-oxidizer section also includes heterotrophic examples.
sulfur_oxidation_fuels_carbon_fixation sulfur oxidation can fuel
Sulfur oxidation supplies energy for inorganic carbon fixation by vent chemolithoautotrophs.		 inorganic carbon fixation PMID:18503548
Nakagawa and Takai, Abstract and Introduction, links reduced donor oxidation to carbon assimilation in chemoautotrophs, not all sulfur-oxidizing organisms.
hydrogen_oxidation_fuels_carbon_fixation hydrogen oxidation can fuel
Hydrogen oxidation can supply energy for carbon fixation in autotrophic vent microorganisms when compatible acceptors are available.		 inorganic carbon fixation PMID:29891698
McNichol et al., Results and Discussion, p. 6757, reports increased isotope incorporation with combined nitrate/hydrogen amendment at Crab Spa. Methods, p. 6760, infers total donor electron equivalents rather than independently measuring hydrogen-specific carbon fixation. PMID:30532749
Abstract supports the capability in autotrophs; the review also includes heterotrophic hydrogen oxidizers, which are not covered by it.
carbon_fixation_drives_primary_production inorganic carbon fixation drives
Microbial fixation of inorganic carbon generates new biomass in aphotic hydrothermal vent habitats.		 chemosynthetic primary production PMID:30867583
Dick 2019, Abstract, describes carbon assimilation as the basis of deep-sea vent chemosynthetic production.
primary_production_supports_surface_growth chemosynthetic primary production can support
Carbon-assimilating production can support growth of surface-associated chemoautotrophs in diffuse marine vent settings.		 surface-associated chemoautotroph growth PMID:28375213
Meier et al., Abstract, observes surface-associated Sulfurovum and identifies chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidation. The growth link is a bounded physiological interpretation, not a measured biofilm- formation response or a claim about all mineral/animal surfaces.

Associated taxa

Taxa reported from this habitat, which is weaker than being characteristic of it. rank is out of pool: a high rank in a pool of thousands of near-tied scores is a weak claim. Entries corroborated by a second, independent source are listed first.

Taxa reported from this habitat
TaxonSourceRankPoolCorroborated
Nitratiruptor tergarcus DSM 16512 NCBITaxon:1069081 PREGO 1 78 MADIN
Methanocaldococcus villosus KIN24-T80 NCBITaxon:1069083 PREGO 2 78 MADIN
Mycobacterium sp. 141 NCBITaxon:1120797 PREGO 3 78 MADIN
Caloranaerobacter azorensis DSM 13643 NCBITaxon:1121264 PREGO 4 78 MADIN
Caminicella sporogenes DSM 14501 NCBITaxon:1121266 PREGO 5 78 MADIN
Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis DSM 15212 NCBITaxon:1121301 PREGO 6 78 MADIN
Desulfacinum hydrothermale DSM 13146 NCBITaxon:1121390 PREGO 7 78 MADIN
Maridesulfovibrio hydrothermalis AM13 = DSM 14728 NCBITaxon:1121451 PREGO 8 78 MADIN
Marinitoga hydrogenitolerans DSM 16785 NCBITaxon:1122195 PREGO 9 78 MADIN
Tepidibacter formicigenes DSM 15518 NCBITaxon:1123349 PREGO 10 78 MADIN
Tepidibacter thalassicus DSM 15285 NCBITaxon:1123350 PREGO 11 78 MADIN
Thermodesulfatator atlanticus DSM 21156 NCBITaxon:1123371 PREGO 12 78 MADIN
Thermosipho atlanticus DSM 15807 NCBITaxon:1123380 PREGO 13 78 MADIN
Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus subsp. indiensis BSB-33 NCBITaxon:1125975 PREGO 14 78 MADIN
Thermotoga sp. RQ2 NCBITaxon:126740 PREGO 15 78 MADIN
Geodermatophilaceae bacterium URHB0048 NCBITaxon:1380347 PREGO 16 78 MADIN
Thermopetrobacter sp. TC1 NCBITaxon:1495045 PREGO 18 78 MADIN
Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum NCBITaxon:161156 PREGO 20 78 MADIN
Persephonella hydrogeniphila NCBITaxon:198703 PREGO 22 78 MADIN
Geothermobacter ehrlichii NCBITaxon:213224 PREGO 25 78 MADIN
Hydrogenimonas thermophila NCBITaxon:223786 MADIN — 229 PREGO
desulfurobacterium_pacificum NCBITaxon:240166 MADIN — 229 PREGO
thermovibrio_guaymasensis NCBITaxon:240167 MADIN — 229 PREGO
desulfurobacterium_atlanticum NCBITaxon:240169 MADIN — 229 PREGO
Lebetimonas acidiphila NCBITaxon:267990 MADIN — 229 PREGO

Showing 25 of 30 kept associations.

Also called

Curation

What a curator decided about this record, and why. A record built from several source concepts can carry one decision per concept.

  1. GROUND 2026-08-12 · claude-opus-5

    Grounded to ENVO:00000215 'hydrothermal vent' (EXACT). GOLD's Marine > Hydrothermal vents. Exact match to the ENVO term. (source concept habitatmech:GOLD.77ae835059)

  2. REVIEW 2026-08-12 · claude-opus-5

    Reviewed and endorsed the seeder's own resolution. PREGO asserts ENVO:00000215 hydrothermal vent directly; the self-grounding is correct. Endorsed to complete the hydrothermal vent record. (source concept habitatmech:PREGO.90a1d4d39e)

  3. ADD_CAUSAL_GRAPH 2026-09-04 · codex

    Added a hydrothermal-vent redox chemolithoautotrophy graph backed by PMID:30867583, PMID:23720658, PMID:30532749, PMID:18503548, PMID:28375213, and PMID:29891698.

  4. UPDATE_CAUSAL_GRAPH 2026-10-03 · codex

    Corrected hydrothermal vent graph node and predicate semantics and bounded cited evidence scope; addresses #1239. Identity, parents, parameters, taxa, and mapping status unchanged.

Provenance

Generated by scripts/seed_from_sources.py from the committed inventories in data/raw/. View the record.