Belenos system

traitmech:000268 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Belenos locus represented by a VCA0457 profile that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection.

Trait evidence (4)

DOI:10.1126/science.ads0768
nearly 10% of the integron cassettes in the pandemic Vibrio cholerae strain encode novel antiphage functions

Darracq et al. support treating the newly discovered Vibrio cholerae SCI antiphage cassettes as bacterial anti-phage systems.
DOI:10.1126/science.ads0768
Most of these novel systems have little or no similarity to previously known ones, with several providing defense through cell lysis or growth arrest

Darracq et al. support a conservative system record that does not assert a resolved Belenos trigger, effector output, or universal pathway.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Belenos | 10\.1126/science\.ads0768 | Sedentary chromosomal integrons as biobanks of bacterial antiphage defense systems

The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named Belenos system to the Darracq et al. SCI antiphage-system paper.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Belenos__VCA0457 | | Belenos

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records VCA0457 in the Belenos model namespace.

Belenos loci confer bacterial phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Belenos locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved phage trigger or molecular output.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Belenos as a named SCI-derived anti-phage system with a VCA0457 DefenseFinder profile while leaving its phage trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype breadth unresolved.

Edge evidence

Belenos locus contributes to restricted phage propagation RO:0002326
DefenseFinder maps Belenos to an SCI anti-phage-system discovery paper and represents Belenos loci through the VCA0457 component profile.
- DOI:10.1126/science.ads0768 nearly 10% of the integron cassettes in the pandemic Vibrio cholerae strain encode novel antiphage functions Darracq et al. describe the newly discovered antiphage-system cohort that the DefenseFinder Belenos registry row maps to the Belenos system.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md Belenos__VCA0457 | | Belenos The DefenseFinder HMM inventory supports VCA0457 as the Belenos component profile.
restricted phage propagation confers Belenos system METPO:2007700
Belenos-mediated phage restriction realizes the Belenos system trait.
- DOI:10.1126/science.ads0768 Most of these novel systems have little or no similarity to previously known ones Darracq et al. place the Belenos discovery cohort in a set of novel bacterial systems that protect against phages.
Belenos system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
Belenos system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Belenos | 10\.1126/science\.ads0768 | Sedentary chromosomal integrons as biobanks of bacterial antiphage defense systems DefenseFinder associates Belenos with the Darracq et al. bacterial antiphage-system paper.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1126/science.ads0768

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (2)

Belenos EXACT_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
VCA0457 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve Belenos phage triggers and effector outputs before minting narrower Belenos mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN belenos-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-19

Attached to causal_graphs#belenos_locus_restricts_phage

Darracq et al. and DefenseFinder support Belenos as a named anti-phage system with a VCA0457 profile, but the trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype-specific mechanism are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower mechanistic child trait.

Curation history

2026-09-19T06:33:51Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted Belenos system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v145.