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Brc24 system

traitmech:000516 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a gcu24/Brc24 bacteriophage-resistance integron cassette that supports growth during bacteriophage challenge.

Trait evidence (8)

  • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915
    Identification of gcu24 and gcu142 through double spot screening

    Kieffer et al. report initial identification of gcu24 in a double-spot phage-resistance screen.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915
    gcu24 and gcu142, which show growth despite the presence of the phage, indicating successful identification and resistance.

    Kieffer et al. support growth of the gcu24 clone during T4 phage challenge in the initial screen.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915
    defense profiles of identified Bacteriophage Resistance integron Cassettes (BRiCs) against a panel of different phages

    Kieffer et al. classify positive integron cassettes as BRiCs and compare their defense profiles across a phage panel.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915
    C747 pMBA gcu24

    Kieffer et al.'s supplementary construct table lists the initial pMBA gcu24 screening plasmid.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915
    C806 pMBA brc24 E. coli IJ1862

    Kieffer et al.'s supplementary construct table lists pMBA brc24 in E. coli IJ1862 for high/low-MOI phage-panel testing.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915
    C816 pMBA brc24 K. pneumoniae

    Kieffer et al.'s supplementary construct table lists the pMBA brc24 plasmid introduced into Klebsiella pneumoniae KP5.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915
    C971 pBTZ PcW brc24

    Kieffer et al.'s supplementary construct table lists a Pseudomonas aeruginosa brc24 expression construct.

  • https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
    | gcu24 | 10\.1126/science\.ads0915 | Mobile integrons encode phage defense systems |

    The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the gcu24 source key to the Kieffer et al. mobile-integron BRiC paper.

Brc24 BRiCs confer phage resistance

Conservative system-level sketch linking a gcu24/Brc24 bacteriophage-resistance integron cassette to phage resistance and Brc24 system possession.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Brc24 at the integron-cassette and phage-resistance-output level without asserting the native host range, exact sensitive-phage breadth outside the reported panels, direct molecular substrate, or a DefenseFinder HMM/rules profile absent from the pinned snapshot.

Brc24 BRiCs confer phage resistance Interactive directed graph showing evidence-backed causal relationships for Brc24 system.

Edge evidence

  • Brc24 integron cassette contributes to Brc24 phage resistance RO:0002326

    The gcu24/Brc24 integron cassette contributes to phage resistance during double-spot and phage-panel assays.

    • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915 Identification of gcu24 and gcu142 through double spot screening Kieffer et al. report initial identification of gcu24 in a double-spot phage-resistance screen.
    • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915 C806 pMBA brc24 E. coli IJ1862 Kieffer et al. cloned brc24 for E. coli IJ1862 phage-panel testing.
  • Brc24 phage resistance confers Brc24 system METPO:2007700

    Brc24-linked phage resistance realizes the Brc24 system possession trait.

    • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915 gcu24 and gcu142, which show growth despite the presence of the phage, indicating successful identification and resistance. Kieffer et al. support growth of the gcu24 clone during T4 phage challenge in the initial screen.
    • DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915 defense profiles of identified Bacteriophage Resistance integron Cassettes (BRiCs) against a panel of different phages Kieffer et al. classify positive integron cassettes as BRiCs and compare their defense profiles across a phage panel.
  • Brc24 system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf

    Brc24 system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.

Provenance

Identifier source
TraitMech local identifier
Definition source
DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915

Parent traits (1)

Synonyms (2)

  • gcu24 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
  • brc24 RELATED_SYNONYM · DOI:10.1126/science.ads0915

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve Brc24 native host breadth, exact sensitive-phage breadth, molecular output, and DefenseFinder HMM/rules coverage before minting narrower Brc24 mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN brc24-defensefinder-model-gap · raised by codex · 2026-10-01

Attached to causal_graphs#brc24_integron_cassette_confers_phage_resistance

Kieffer et al. identify gcu24/Brc24 as a bacteriophage-resistance integron cassette, and the pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the gcu24 source key to the same Science article. The pinned HMM inventory and rules table have no exact gcu24 or Brc24 row, so the first-pass record leaves native-host breadth, profile boundaries, exact phage target breadth, and direct molecular output unresolved.

Evidence

Curation history

  1. · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex

    Minted Brc24 system as a DOI- and DefenseFinder-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; kept the graph at BRiC integron-cassette level because the pinned DefenseFinder article registry names gcu24 but the pinned HMM inventory and rules table have no exact Brc24 row; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v393.

  2. · REVIEW_CANONICAL_EXAMPLE_EVIDENCE_GAP · codex

    Reviewed Brc24 system during initial curation and left canonical_examples empty because the sources support heterologous gcu24/Brc24 phage-resistance assays and a DefenseFinder gcu24 article row, but not a direct named native microbial isolate exemplar with experimentally verified endogenous Brc24 activity. No paid research was used.